Iyini i-copyright?

«Imininingwane» kuyinto umqondo wezomthetho obaluleke, okuyinto obonwa emazweni amaningi. Ukuhumusha elingokoqobo elivela English izwi lisho "copyright". It kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi ngale ndaba. «Imininingwane» ukunika umdali yomsebenzi woqobo amalungelo akhethekile kuso ngesikhathi esinomkhawulo (kuba yonke indawo ezahlukene: e kokusungulwa ihlala iminyaka engu-20, futhi umsebenzi wokubhala - iminyaka engu-70). Kodwa lo mbuzo: "I-copyright - okungukuthi," impendulo ilula - isiqalo nesigcino eyasungulwa isimo futhi ivikelwe imithetho yabo kanye nokuthuthukiswa zokuziphatha elawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu emphakathini emkhakheni empahla. Lezi imithetho zokutholwa ezingase ungambozi kuphela umphakathi, kodwa futhi ku imisebenzi lungashicilelwe yasekuqaleni.

Enye incazelo copyright - liyisibonakaliso, okuyinto uhlamvu Latin "C" ebiyelwe umbuthano. It is eceleni igama lombhali (noma igama lebhizinisi) nokushicilelwa ngonyaka. Kuwumgomo obalulekile ngendlela khathaza, eyasungulwa ngo-1952 yi-Geneva Convention umthetho (UCC)-copyright. Namuhla kuvame isiqu kuyinto uhlamvu ulwazi, futhi ukwaziswa okungamanga ngoFakazi umbhali unikeza eziningi emazweni, kuhlanganise nase-United States, ukuphishekela mthetho yomthetho. EGeneva ngo-1996, abameleli emazweni 160 ngemvume imibhalo ku ukusungulwa the WIPO - inhlangano global anikezelwe ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo. Ngakho, i-© uphawu lithi mkhiqizo uvikelwe futhi awukwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha (ikhophi), ngingabazi kwemvume yomnikazi.

Nokho, umfundi angakwazi hhayi kuphela mnandi, ukuthi i-copyright Okokuthola, kodwa futhi njengoba uhlobo yayo kukhompyutha. © Lesi sibonakaliso kungenziwa ifakwe phakathi umbhalo, bese unamathisela ku isignesha kombhali (adalwe okuqukethwe kwabo esiyingqayizivele) uma, ngaphandle ukukhulula inkinobho Alt, cindezela Izinombolo ezine ezilandelayo: 0, 1, 6, 9 (ku ikhiphedi yezinombolo). Enye indlela - kuba Word 2007 uye kuthebhu "Faka" inkinobho bese ukhetha "Symbol". I ipuleti kufanele livulwe ukuthola © uphawu, chofoza kukho bese umyalo "Namathisela" futhi "Vala". Isikhombisi kufanele ibe indawo engokoqobo lapho ofuna ukushumeka uhlamvu olufunayo.

Iyini i-copyright? Lokhu ngokuvamile kungagcini ukusetshenziswa (ukukopisha noma ukukhiqizwa kabusha) umsebenzi yokuqala labo ababengenawo ukudala ke nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngakho-ke, inhlangano eyingqayizivele kungenziwa ezishiwo amazwana, ezibucayi, ezesayensi, ucwaningo noma izinto zokufunda kanye emibikweni yezindaba. Kodwa kuzo zonke lezi zimo kubalulekile ukwenza isixhumanisi efanele ukuze umthombo. Ukuvimba leli khukhi kuzovikela uvunyelwe, kodwa inani ke kukhawulwe izigaba ezimbili. Okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa idatha yoqobo noma umkhiqizo kufanele kube kungalungile Abadali zayo.

Nokho, kufanele ucabangele impendulo yombuzo othi, yini i-copyright, ngokuhlanganyela isihloko, lapho umkhiqizo imbozwe umqondo i-copyright? Kumayelana ukudalwa kanye nokusetshenziswa (ncwadi, ukusebenza, ukubonisa, njll) etemibhalo imisebenzi, isayensi, ubuciko, yolwazi, isofthiwe kanye neminye imisebenzi yokudala kulezi zindawo. Umqondo «Imininingwane», uma kubhekwa ngomqondo ongokoqobo, iyincane, lokusho imvume kuphela ukukopisha. Okungukuthi, kusho ukuthi umbhalo kuphela ijabulele izithelo indalo yakhe. It kuvela ukuthi kwenkululeko Ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright angenamkhawulo futhi, kwezinye izimo, kuziwa kungazwakali (ezifana bethwebula imisebenzi bokwakha akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemvume abaklami owabadala, akuvunyelwe udonsela opopayi ku ncwadi namaqhawe, ukuphrinta emakhasini iphrinta kusuka ku-intanethi, nokunye) .

Kukhona Yini embi ngalo, ezosiza ukuze azenze zikhanye lokho-copyright. Namuhla okuningi inkulumo mayelana nokuvikela amalungelo umdali kokuqukethwe eliyingqayizivele ukuze kokuba ijabulele izithelo zokuzikhandla kwabo. Nokho, «Imininingwane» kunenzuzo ngokwengeziwe izinhlangano omkhulu ongakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu bevikela amalungelo abo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto eziningi, ngenxa monopolization elula abe eziyinkimbinkimbi: isibonelo, abasebenzisi abavamile web ungathola ulwazi kuphela ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi abafanelekile elihlobene ne-ukulandwa uhlelo, ukubukela amabhayisikobho, kanye ukunikeza izindaba. Esinye isibonelo ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele kolwazi, ngoba ngenxa mthetho yokukopisha kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ubhalwe kabusha oda efanayo. Ngakho-ke, izindaba ze-copyright ngokomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba musa ukuhambisana ukuthuthukiswa isimo yesimanje ezenhlalo nezamasiko, futhi amazwi anjengokuthi i-copyright, akubona bonke esiyingqayizivele.