KumiswaIsayensi

Ama-bacterium eyindilinga (nendwangu, micrococci, diplococci): isakhiwo, usayizi, ukuhamba

Ngokungangabazeki, amabhaktheriya phakathi kwezidalwa endala emhlabeni. Ababandakanyeka zonke izigaba umjikelezo we ndaba ngokwemvelo. Ezigidigidini zeminyaka yokuphila kwakhe-bacterium aqala ukulawula izinqubo ezifana ukuvutshelwa, ukugaya, lenguquko ethize kunhlobonhlobo zamatshe, ukugaya nokunye. Small, ayibonakali amasosha ngeso zikhona yonke indawo. Bahlala ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene, ku isikhumba sethu futhi ngisho ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze ngokugcwele ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo, kungathatha ukuphila ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Nokho, uye uzame ukuhlola isihloko amafomu main kwamagciwane, ukugxila eyindilinga eziphilayo owumphumela.

Umbuso bacterium, noma yini ukufunda i-microbiology

Wildlife uyahlukaniswa abe imibuso emikhulu 5. Omunye wabo - embusweni kwamagciwane. Kukhona subkingdoms emibili ibumbane njengoba amabhaktheriya kanye ulwelwe oluluhlaza. ngokuvamile Ososayensi ubheke la magciwane kukhona Monera, okutshengisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha idatha inqubo oluncane, kuyehla kube "kwasani", okungukuthi division.

umbuso amagciwane abathintekayo kulo microbiology cwaningo. Ososayensi kulesi siqondiso nokumisa le eziphilayo zombuso, sihlaziye morphology, ukutadisha biochemistry, izitho zomzimba, i-kwemvelo futhi indima ku-ecosystem planethi.

Isakhiwo jikelele amaseli webhaktheriya

Zonke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zendalo amagciwane akheke ethile. Abanaso nucleus lizungezwe ulwelwesi ezingaba uwahlukanise kusukela cytoplasm. eziphilayo maKristu abizwa prokaryotes. amagciwane amaningi sizungezwe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we capsule, okuyinto ayinika ukumelana phagocytosis. Isici eyingqayizivele abamele Umbuso ikhono nokuzala njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu 20-30.

amaseli Amagcikwane kungase kudingeke ezihlukile ngesisekelo ngezigaba zabo okuyinto:

  1. Ama-bacterium cocci (eyindilinga).
  2. Rod emise (imbewu eletha amagciwane).
  3. amagciwane elisontiwe lwalugobile (vibrio futhi spirilla).
  4. Chain-bacterium (Streptococcus).
  5. ifomu Acinar (staphylococci).

Ake sihlole kabanzi amabhaktheriya kukhona eyindilinga, enegama ezivamile cocci.

Eyisiyingi (cocci): ekuhlaziyeni amagciwane

I nendwangu eside wangena microbiology ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin. Inani layo - "eyindilinga" "eyindilinga". Nakuba kukhona inguqulo leli gama libhekisela isiGreki, nalokho okukushoyo - "okusanhlamvu". Futhi eqinisweni, futhi kwelinye icala, igama ibonisa ukuvela ngaphandle kwe lesi silwanyana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-bacterium abe ukuma eyindilinga oyindilinga. Ngezinye izikhathi iseli zingase zithande side futhi yakha kakhudlwana okusaqanda, abanye eziphilayo kancane isicaba singatsheki. Zonke ama-bacterium lolu hlobo ongasanyakazi futhi angakwazi sporulation. I ububanzi isilinganiso cocci - 0.5-1.5 microns.

amagciwane eyisiyingi emhlabathini, emoyeni, phezu imikhiqizo. Ukuthola indawo evumayo, iseli iqala ngenkuthalo inqubo zokuzalela. Kwakheka phezu ezimhlophe, ezimpunga, ophuzi noma obomvu amakoloni virus. Phakathi imifanekiso, ngamunye ndlovu eyindilinga sinqamukile e ezimbili kunoma iyiphi indiza. Ngemva sokuhlukanisa amagciwane kukhona eyindilinga noma ukuhlala ezimele noma kuhlangene nezinye cocci.

Lesi sigaba ku zinhlobo

Iqembu amagciwane globular kuyahlukahluka. Ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona ukwahlukana phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene:

  • Gram-HIV micrococci eyindilinga;
  • oyindilinga pair diplococci;
  • streptococci ezihlobene uchungechunge webhaktheriya;
  • ukwakha sokuhlukanisa tetrakokki square;
  • ukwakha sokuhlukanisa sartsiny cube;
  • yokuzalanisa nokuguqulwa izindlela staphylococci.

Zonke lezi amabhaktheriya cocci anezici zabo, engesiyo kuphela inqubo division. Lokhu kudinga incazelo enemininingwane ngayinye.

Izici micrococci

Ezindaweni ngokufanele micrococci abantu abangashadile noma amaqoqo okungajwayelekile. Lapho ibekwe Micrococcus obukhulu izakhi naphakathi sizoba kumiswa bushelelezi laphetha amakoloni imibala eziningana (omhlophe, ophuzi, obomvu). Umbala incike sombala amaseli noma ukukhulula umkhiqizo anemibala imvelo.

Micrococci kukhona aerobes baphoqwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi badinga yomoya-mpilo kwezimila. Ngu indlela yokondla la magciwane (micrococci eyindilinga) - saprophytes, noma izilokazane eziphila ngezinye ozikhethela. Okusho ukuthi bayakwazi ukuthola izakhi ngoba ukukhula nokuthuthuka izicubu efile noma sesibolile noma udle nezinye izicubu zomzimba.

Micrococci hhayi pathogenic, okusho akwephuli ukusebenza evamile, ukusebenza kahle kanye nobuqotho kwezicubu. Eziningi zalezi nezilwanyana ezincane ezikhulayo okushisa ezisukela 25 kuya ku-30 ° C. Kodwa amanye awo ngaphandle leli banga futhi akwazi ukuveza ezingeni lokushisa 5-8 ° C, noma cha lawo abulawa wonke Ukushisa ukuze 60-65 ° C.

Kubantu, micrococci atholakala esikhumbeni ku ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, ipheshana zokuphefumula. Ngezikhathi ezithile zangasese noma conjunctiva.

eyindilinga Ikakhulukazi amagciwane diplococcus

Kukhona ama-bacterium eyindilinga kukhona diplococci. Lezi amabhaktheriya kukhona ukuma eyindilinga khona ngazimbili. Kuyinto lesi sici yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukuvela kwegama elithi "diplococcus". Kumiswa It is kusukela lesiGreki elithi diploos, okungase elihunyushwe ngokuthi "kabili." Medicine labelwe azungeze 80 izinhlobo zama-bacterium double. Emzimbeni, ngokuvamile ivikela capsule, okuyinto kumiswa microns okusaluketshezi ayibi ngaphezu kuka-0.2 obukhulu. Capsule njalo unendlela obuqinile izindonga cell kwamagciwane, kungenzeka ukuba siqonde e sokugembula izinto smear. Diplokokki zisebenze amabhaktheriya Gram-negative futhi Gram-HIV. Ziyakwazi pathogenic. Izibonelo amagciwane eyindilinga okuqondene diplokokki - kuyinto gonococcus, pneumococcus futhi meningococcus. Ziyakwazi isipatsholo, lobar ephathwa inyumoniya futhi meningitis.

Gonococcus has isimo pathogenic kakhulu zinhlobo diplokokkov. Lezi cocci pathogenic babe ukuma emabhontjisi double. Kodwa kwezinye izimo ungase ulahlekelwe shape yabo ejwayelekile futhi uhlobo nedlanzana amagciwane. Ukuthola smear gonococci kuthathwe futhi inquma inani leukocyte egazini. Namuhla, isipatsholo yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi nezifo ezithathelwana ngobulili. Lesi sifo idluliselwa ngokuhlangana ngokocansi.

Pneumococci vusa hhayi kuphela lobar inyumoniya, kodwa futhi otitis abezindaba noma sinusitis. I-bacterium kabili lanceolate. Kuyinto esinqunyiwe, kodwa ubukhulu bayo lingaphansi kuka 1.25 microns. Streptococcus pneumoniae kuyinto igciwane Gram-HIV.

Meningococcus - umusi amagciwane-like isisekelo namabhanisi alahlane. Ngokubukeka kancane afana gonococcus. Ububanzi meningococcus - ulwelwesi lwamafinyila zobuchopho. Iziguli esolwa meningitis ngempela esibhedlela.

Staphylococci futhi streptococci: ikakhulukazi amagciwane

Cabangela ezinye amagciwane ezimbili, izinhlobo globular beboshwa ngamaketanga, noma usuqala ngezindlela nokuguqulwa. It streptococci futhi staphylococci.

Streptococci e microflora womuntu eziningi. Lapho sokuhlukanisa amagciwane eyindilinga ukudala imigexo noma amaketango nezilwanyana ezincane. Streptococci kungabangela ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala. kwasendaweni Izintandokazi - emlonyeni, esiswini, umthondo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula.

Staphylococci ahlukaniswe izindiza eziningi. Zinikeza amagilebhisi emangqamuzaneni virus. Wakwazi ukubangela izinqubo ukuvuvukala zonke izicubu kanye izitho.

Yiziphi iziphetho okufanele wenze abantu

Umuntu futhi wasebenzisa yokuthi iyinkosi nemvelo. Ngokuvamile, avame kuphela amandla isilo esinonya. Kodwa zonke emhlabeni kukhona yonke indawo ehlanganisa eziphilayo ayibonakali iso. Sinenkosi nezimo eliphakeme emvelweni kanye nomthelela zonke izinqubo kwamakhemikhali. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu Smart beqaphela ukuthi lo muntu "amancane" akusho "engenamsebenzi" noma "ephephile." Ngaphandle amagciwane zonke eziphilayo emhlabeni nje ayeke. Ngaphandle qikelela ukuba namagciwane abangela izifo - ulahlekelwe ikhwalithi kancane kancane luphela.

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