Njengoba kwatholakala isimiso kwefrakshini, futhi ukuthi lokhu kuthinta

Izinhlinzeko zalesi simiso kukhona endaweni yocwaningo amabutho-gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa inertia. Udaba phambi kwethu isimiso kwefrakshini - isimiso heuristic, eye yasetshenziswa omkhulu Albertom Eynshteynom, lapho asathuthuka lokhu ayekutholile enkulu ngokwesayensi - imfundiso yokuziphendukela jikelele wokuhlobana kwezinto.

Injalo jikelele kakhulu, isimiso ka-Einstein ye kwefrakshini inikeza ukuthi amabutho okudonsa budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye izinto ngokuqondile wakhona yesisindo esisindo kanye namabutho inertia zomzimba owodwa, kulesi simo, kuyinto wakhona esisindo inertial. Futhi lapho futhi kokubili esisindo bayalingana ke ukuthi yimaphi ama-amabutho esebenza emzimbeni, akunakwenzeka.

Ukuze afakazele lezi iziphetho, Einstein wasebenzisa lesi silingo. Kufanele ngeso lengqondo ukuthi izindikimba ezimbili kukhona ikheshi. Lokhu lift unamandla kude ukwenza ngokuvumelana nayo bayavumelana imigwamanda kanye uhamba nge ukushesha. Kulokhu, zonke izidumbu ezisebusweni ikheshi, uyokwenza amandla inertia, futhi bayoba isisindo ezithile.

Uma lift kuyinto umile, umzimba ngaphakathi kubalulekile ukuthi isisindo, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi konke ukuguqulwa mechanical kuzokwenzeka ngokulinganayo kuzo zombili zommbila. Lo mphumela Einstein enwetshiwe kubo bonke izenzakalo of Mechanics, kanye nayo yonke physics ke okwatholakala usosayensi wajoyina izimiso eyisisekelo kwefrakshini.

Namuhla, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isimiso kwefrakshini kungenziwa ithathwa njengendlela ezinkulu lonke theory wokuhlobana kwezinto, futhi ngenxa yalokho, emkhakheni okudonsa uhlaka non-inertial reference. Nokho, amazwi anjalo angabhekwa evumelekile kuphela ingxenye kuphela. Iqiniso lokuthi yonke uhlelo non-inertial e imfundiso yokuziphendukela okhethekile wokuhlobana kwezinto Einstein kusekelwe esiku komugqa isikhala-time. Imfundiso jikelele, okuhlanganisa umqondo imethrikhi ka adonsela phansi, umkhathi esigcwele lwalugobile. Yayichaza leli phutha iqiniso lokuthi nomqondo imethrikhi aliqukethe izinhlelo inertial global. Lapha isimiso kwefrakshini kungaba ukuzibonakalisa kuphela kuleli cala, uma sidebeselela ugobile uqobo.

Kuyinto uyelulekwa ukuhlukanisa izinguqulo ababuthakathaka futhi enamandla ukubonakaliswa isimiso kwefrakshini, umehluko okuyinto ukuthi ngeke at amabanga amancane phakathi kwezinto umehluko specific imithetho yemvelo, kungakhathaliseki letintfo ezinye ozimele reference.

izimiso temkhakha mbono, Einstein zavela ngo-1907. Lapho sicabangela ukubaluleka kwalesi simiso yonkana physics kufanele kusho ukuthi ukutholakala Einstein uyaqhubeka futhi ithuthukisa ukwamukelwa uGalileo ukuthola zonke izidumbu, kungakhathaliseki isisindo sabo, ukusheshisa emkhakheni okudonsa izinto. Lesi simo saholela isiphelo sesimiso kwefrakshini uyaca inertial. Kamuva lo kwefrakshini sasibalwa metrically, nge ukunemba izibalo abalulekile kufika ku-12.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okutholakele Einstein siyasebenza kuphela ongaphakeme isikali kwendawo, ngoba kuphela ngaphansi kwalezi zimo angabhekwa yesisindo njalo.

Einstein enwetshiwe isimiso sakhe kwefrakshini yazo zonke inkomba ozimele ukuthi kukhona mahhala ukuwa, kanye kabanzi uye wazakhela nomqondo uhlelo wendawo. Lokhu kwakudingekile ngoba yonke ensimini okudonsa ukuyo yonke indawo, kanye nokuthambekela kushintsheke - ke kuyehluka kusukela iphuzu ukuze ukhombe ngoba zonke iphuzu izici esingokwemvelo parametric. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlelo, ngokuvumelana Einstein, akufanele kudidaniswe inertial, okuphula umthetho wokuqala Newton.