Iyini indima abachithi emiphakathini emvelweni iplanethi yethu?

Kungenxa ubunjalo indalo, futhi umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu - ukubhubhisa udaba eziphilayo. Iyini indima abachithi emiphakathini emvelweni? Ziklanyelwe ukubola izinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane (izicubu organic) ukuze namaminerali wezinto ezingaphili, amagesi. Ngakho, lezi zidalwa eziwusizo ngu umqondo yobungoti yazo yemvelo ukunikeza ezidingekayo abanye abahlanganyeli enqubeni kanye ukuvala umjikelezo impahla.

Lingobani leli qembu?

Zingobani lezo zinto ngokwemvelo okwesikhathi ekubhujisweni tekusebentisa okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni yini indima abachithi emiphakathini emvelweni? Lezi ngayinye izimiso zokusebenza kwemvelo zihlanganisa:

• izinhlobo eziningi webhaktheriya;
• amakhowe;
• izimpethu emhlabathini;
• mabhungane, borers futhi athile;
• ezinye izinhlobo scavengers.

Zonke abamele imibuso ehlukahlukene zidla izinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu umsebenzi uguqulwe namaminerali organic amagesi kudingeka kwamanye amalungu imiphakathi semvelo.

umehluko obusebenzayo

I-ecosystem kuhlanganisa Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi. Imisebenzi yazo ihluke nomunye. Kungenziwa cishe zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ezinkulu ezintathu:

• abakhiqizi;
• abathengi;
• Kubabulali.

Eyokuqala - nezitshalo eziluhlaza. Zakha (umkhiqizo) engokwemvelo kusuka carbon dioxide usebenzisa amandla amaningi avela elangeni. A side yi zalesi simo, okuthiwa i-photosynthesis - semali-mpilo etholakalayo ukuphefumula izilwane nabantu.

Abathengi (nezilwane) adle izitshalo nezinye izilwane, ukwakha uchungechunge ukudla.

Iyini indima abachithi emiphakathini emvelweni? Bona ukubola bese ukuguqula izinto ezifile. Ngaleyo ndlela iDemo kunyatheliswa izinto ngokwemvelo.

Abahlanganyeli umjikelezo we ndaba

Abacekeli bemvelo - the alpha and omega kwanoma iyiphi isimiso semvelo. Abacekeli konke kuqala nakho konke kuyaphela. Izitshalo ukusuka enhlabathini bese emoyeni amaminerali ne-carbon dioxide ekukhuleni kwabo nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha olunikezwa decomposers. Ezidla uhlaza ukondla izitshalo, kanjalo zakha kokuqala amaketanga izixhumanisi ukudla lezisekelo kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe. Zaziziningi izilwane ukunikeza ukudla ngenxa ukusetshenziswa inyama yezilwane. Othile isezingeni kakhulu phezulu mbhoshongo kwamandla, umuntu - khona kanye ngezansi. Kodwa namanje - musa singesaphakade naphakade, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi afe. Khona-ke esimweni amadlambi uzabuya aguqula izinto eziphilayo ukuze wezinto ezingaphili, kanjalo liphelelise lo mjikelezo kwendaba ngokwemvelo.

eziphilayo

Okubizwa ngokuthi amagciwane ukubola nokubuna - kwezikhathi eziyiminyaka nempi enkulu engokwemvelo, umsebenzi oyinhloko okuyinto imfucuza eziphilayo, ukukhulula igesi namaminerali, okungase ukukhonza njengoba izitshalo amandla. Okunjalo amagciwane zinhlobo ngokuchichimayo. Phakathi kwabo: i bacilli, clostridia spore-obumba, okungezona spore ukwakha enterobacteria. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke isibonelo - Bacillus subtilis, isayensi kahle wafunda.

amakhowe saprophitic

Lezi zinhlobo isikhunta esetshenziswa njengoba ukudla uhlala yezitshalo nezilwane izimpaphe organic nezimpondo, amahlamvu paluyu, semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla, amagatsha, umquba nokuningi. Kumuntu lezi zidalwa ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo: ezincane isikhunta saprophytes (abachithi) kuxazululwe phezu ukudla ngibenze ukuba kuhlalwe ukudla.

Iyini indima abachithi emiphakathini emvelweni: izibonelo

Izihlahla, ubudala futhi athambekele isifo, njengoba umthetho, kubabulali ixazululwe, iqala inqubo: amakhowe, isikhunta, izibungu mabhungane, borers. Lapho umuthi uwela futhi lufe, indima amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta - ukukhulula nitrogen namaminerali, ngaleyo ndlela linikeze entsha izitshalo abasha base yokudla okunempilo.

Lapho yimuphi isilwane sifa ehlathini, inyama yakhe isiqala ukuguqula inorganics yebhaktheriya efanayo ukubola. Futhi yilokho kuphela eningenzelwa badinga ukusho enkulu siyabonga. Phela, uma hhayi imisebenzi yabo, kule planethi kungadla nje ngithuka nezidumbu abafileyo kubo bonke isikhathi khona zezilwane nezitshalo.