Amandla umzimba

Umzimba - iyisici esibalulekile of imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni. Ifaka hlangana iinkambiso eziningana. Amandla umzimba kuhilela cleavage of izinto eziphilayo futhi zamakhemikhali ukukhululwa amandla kanye nokuxhumana. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukwabiwa okwengeziwe elenziwe ngokwengxenye ngesimo ukushisa. Enye ingxenye kugcinelwe ukuba molecule ATP.

Izigaba amandla umzimba izilwane

Isigaba sokuqala - wokulungiselela. Amandla umzimba iqala ukudla Ukungena emzimbeni yabantu noma yezilwane ngesimo izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi macromolecular. Ngaphambi ukungena, ukubhujiswa lezi ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo compounds ezicutshini namaseli.

cleavage Hydrolytic izinto eziningi eziphilayo Kwenziwa iqhaza amanzi. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ipheshana wokugaya ukudla (amaningi), emangqamuzaneni (e lysosomes) ku vacuoles wokugaya ukudla (unicellular) ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme ethile.

abaphukile Amaphrotheni kubantu nasezilwaneni phansi isisu duodenum ukuze amino acid. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ngaphansi kwethonya peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Ngisho esikhathini ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo iqala inqubo yehlukanise polysaccharides. Lokhu enzyme kuhileleke ptyalin. cleavage obengeziwe polysaccharides kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya Amylase ku duodenum. Lapha kufika ukuwohloka kwamafutha. Le nqubo kuthinta lipase. Amandla ukuthi ikhishwe zisiwa ngesimo ukushisa.

Amandla umzimba kuhilela nokudilivela izingxenye yokudla okunempilo egazini labo, futhi ezokuthutha wonke amaseli eziyishumi nemitshingo. Kumaseli zingena ngqo cytoplasm noma uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula. Uma abaphukile izinto phansi lysosomes emangqamuzaneni, masinyane ikhashelwa cytoplasm. Lesi sinyathelo kufaka ukulungisa zezakhi ukuze lingcole intracellular.

Esikhathini yesibili amandla esigabeni umzimba limelela namachibi anoxic. ngaleyo ndlela Izinqubo zenzeka ngaphandle iqhaza oksijini, ezingeni amaselula. Namachibi senzeka cytoplasm cell. Omunye imininingwane ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa exchange amandla, kuyinto glucose. Okunye kwakwakhe organic (acid acid, glycerol, ama-fatty acid) ihlanganisiwe inqubo ukuguqulwa ngezigaba ezahlukene.

Wokuqhekeka glucose ngaphandle oksijini libizwa glycolysis. Le ngxube asitholayo kugucuka eziningana ngokulandelana. Okokuqala, kukhona ukuguqulwa ku fructose. fosfoliruetsya glucose - ivuswe ngu ezimbili molecule ATP, kuphenduke fructose-diphosphate. Le nkambu onakala carbon hexahydric-molecule ku ezimbili ezintathu-i-carbon molecule glycerophosphate. Ngenxa yalokho ukusabela eziningana namachibi kwenzeka. Ngakho-molecule ulahlekelwe ama-athomu ye-hydrogen ezimbili, ukuvula ekugcineni ku-molecule ye pyruvic acid. Umphumela wale ukusabela is kuhlelwe umqondo molecule ezine ATP. Njengoba elasetshenziselwa kusebenze kokuqala zishintshe ezimbili glucose ka ATP, e 2ATF jikelele kwagcina kumiswe. Khishiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuleli nokwahlukana amandla yi-glucose ingxenye agodliwe futhi ngokwengxenye ezikhishwe ngesimo ukushisa.

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sesithathu, le kwezimila (namachibi yemvelo). Lesi sinyathelo kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya-mpilo. Kule ndaba, it is ebizwa nge-oksijini. Le nqubo ithatha indawo mitochondria.

Nakubukwa jikelele (main) exchange amandla izindleko (ngokwesilinganiso) umuntu omdala imayelana 24 kcal / kg / usuku. Ekubaleni umuntu ovamile kwi ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke 1500 kcal kwabesifazane mayelana 1700 kcal kwabesilisa. In iziguli nge ezahlukene iphrofayela zokugula yamandla adingekayo ngelanga angavuka izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwemithathu.