Iyini inqubo methodological? Izinhlobo kanye nokubekwa ngezigaba amasu sekufundzisa. amasu Instructional ekilasini

Inqubo methodological lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu lesiGreki lisho "inketho sifinyelele lo mgomo." Lolu hlelo ezithile izenzo ezihlobene ezilandelanayo kwabafundi nothisha, sibonga ngalo kukhona nokwenziwa egcwele izinto ezintsha zokufundisa.

izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo

amasu Instructional umbono enezici futhi multidimensional. Ukufundisa isayensi ayinazo izindlela ukuhlonza eyodwa ethile. abalobi ezahlukene ukunikela izindlela ezilandelayo ukuqeqeshwa:

• indaba;
• ingxoxo;
• sisebenze ebhukwinitifundvo;
• umkhuba laboratory;
• incazelo;
• umsebenzi okulawula;
• umsebenzi;
• umfanekiso;
• ukuboniswa;
• izinhlobo ezahlukene inhlolovo (frontal, ngabanye, lesibhaliwe);
• umsebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ngamunye methodological has izinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ukusiza nanoma yisiphi imisebenzi didactic.

Fundisa amaqhinga

amasu Instructional esetshenziswa ekilasini uthisha, ikhumbula izici ngazinye isigaba, ezifana bezilolonga. Ukuthola iyingxenye ebalulekile indlela. Ngo uthisha amakolishi namayunivesithi bonke othisha esizayo kahle izindlela zokutadisha iBhayibheli akhiwa abameleli ehola yokufundisa isayensi. amasu Instructional esikoleni sabaqalayo ukunikeza ukusetshenziswa esiphezulu kufundisa, kubalulekile ngalesi yobudala.

Sebenza incwadi

Lapho efunda incwadi ukukhululwa izindlela eziningana:

• ukufunda umbhalo ngokuzwakalayo;
• ekubhaleni uhlelo lombhalo wokufundwayo;
• Ukugcwalisa ukufunda okuqukethwe etafuleni;
• Ukukhetha indlela yokucabanga wezwa umbhalo;
• kwenta tinhlaka okufingqiwe emfushane;
• Ukukhetha izingcaphuno.

Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, amasu sekufundzisa ekilasini Kungafezani usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza incwadi, bezilolonga sihlanganise kwakhiwa abstract efunda ngokuzwakalayo, kanti elinye ikilasi umbhalo akhethiwe izingcaphuno kanye umthetho wesifunda logic. Ukwenza lokho, guys izindlela achazayo kanye engokomfanekiso. Mfundisi uthandana impahla zemfundo abafundi entsha banikela sokusebenza ngokuzijamela.

Yini ngidinga ukusebenzisa amasu nezindlela

amasu sekufundzisa Pedagogical ziyafezeka kuphela ekuqinisekiseni inqubo yemfundo edingekayo impahla izindlela. Ukuze laboratory ethola imishini edingekayo, amacomputer technologies - computer siqu. nezinsiza Training okukhulunywe izinto ezibonakalayo ukuthi kudingeka ukusekela inqubo yokufunda. Babé ithuluzi enkulu uthisha yesimanje.

ukuqeqeshwa imithombo Material

Lezi zihlanganisa tibonwa: umfanekiso, iqoqo, onobuhle; izinsiza-kufundisa, okufundisa materials.

Imizimba esebenzisa ukuthinta nangesimo sobuso bathi, inkulumo, kuchumana, engqondweni yethu, umsebenzi zabasebenzi.

Injongo yokuqeqeshwa izimali kunqunywa izici zabo didactic. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho efundisa i-chemistry, i-thisha ukuhlola ukuboniswa at the stage of ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi aluthola namakhono, izingane zinikelwe umsebenti lowentiwako laboratory.

imisebenzi

amathuluzi asetshenziswa esikoleni yesimanje Ukufunda, imisebenzi eminingana.

1. Compensatory kusiza ukuphungula inqubo yemfundo, ekusizeni ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo nge okungenani isikhathi nomzamo ngokomzimba.
2. Eguquguqukayo kusize nomfundisi zilandise okuqukethwe isiyalo izici ngamunye kanye yobudala abafundi ukuthola izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa avumelanayo izingane, ukudalwa izimo lenhlangano umsebenzi ezimele abafundi.
3. Ulwazi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene okokufundisa, ividiyo, nemishini yekuveta, imishini laboratory.
4. Ukuhlanganisa kuyinto isiqalo nesigcino izenzakalo wafundelwa futhi izinto, ukukhomba uhlobo nezakhiwo izinqubo noma imithetho.

Reception "amazombe"

Le nqubo methodological kufanelekile izimo lapho kuyadingeka ukuze ezincane isikhathi ifreyimu ukufunda ulwazi oluningi. Ngo lwezifundo zesikole eyala eziningi zezemfundo ekutadisheni ezihlokweni eziqondile unikezwa inombolo okungenani amahora. Ukuze kunakekelwe esifundweni ukucabangela izigaba eziningi, ukusiza uthisha ukuza amasu sekufundzisa nje enjalo. Lesi sikole "amazombe" ivumela isikhathi esifushane ukukhumbula imininingwane semali ulwazi. Material kugaywe ngendlela exhumana, uthisha ayinikezi abafundi isixazululo turnkey, usesho yakhe ithatha abafundi ngokwabo. Lezi izindlela amakhono methodical eqenjini. Kukhona ukugqugquzela abafundi bafunda ukuthi asebenzisane ukuthola umbhalo umcondvo lobalulekile, hlela ulwazi. Ngu "amazombe" ukulingana zalezi zinhlobo amasu sekufundzisa, njengoba "isifinyezo amathebula", "Tindzaba", "i-cluster".

Injongo eyinhloko yokuthola "amazombe" - ukumuncwa ichibi elikhulu izinto ezintsha. Ekuqaleni, umbhalo uthisha yizinqamu eziningana ehlukile. Esikhathini isigaba lakhomba inani amaqembu ezemfundo, liyehla inani lezingane ngayinye ingeqi 5-6 abantu. Basuke kubhekwe amabhlogo "eyinhloko". Indaba entsha ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningi njengoba uzobe iqhaza ebhokisini ngalinye.

Uma sicabanga semali umbhalo, ungakwazi ukwandisa isibalo sezingane emaqenjini eyinhloko abangafika kwabangu-6-7. Anikeza izingane etheksthini lefanako. Ilungu ngalinye lethimba uthola ndima yakhe olunezinombolo. Ngokulandelayo, ingxenye umfundi umbhalo usebenza ngamunye, kwenza inkomba isifinyezo. Injongo yayo oyinhloko ukuthola eliphezulu "khama" aphume kule ndima. Izindlela namasu sekufundzisa abantu abazokwenza umsebenzi onjalo azigcini eziyisa kuthisha. Ungenza isikimu ukwenza etafuleni, ukudweba cluster.

Ngo esigabeni esilandelayo umsebenzi kwenziwe umsebenzi iqembu. Abafundi ukuya "nozakwethu", iqembu uchwepheshe. Kokunye iyunithi izoqoqwa guys ukusebenza izingcezwana ezahlukene etheksthini lefanako. Reception Kwenziwa izingxoxo. Guys ziyashintsha imibono yabo, imisebenzi, ukhethe best kokwethula "ucezu" yakhe kombhalo. Njengoba inselele wanezela, uthisha unikeza ukwenza ukudlula imibuzo kuya guys, kwaba sobala ukuthi okubalulekile wafunda. Okulandelayo, abuyele zesikole "umthombo amabhlogo", bazitshela ukuthi zibona ushiya. Usikisela isethulo kwezinye izitshudeni ukuthi ingxenye yombhalo sisebenza izingane ngamunye. Ngenxa yalokho, ilungu leqembu ngalinye ithola mini-isethulo mayelana umbhalo. Njengoba esigabeni sokugcina "amazombe" indlela kuhilela ukusebenza jikelele we ekilasini. Omunye ochwepheshe Uyoletha ingxenye yabo umbhalo, umbhalo kabusha nokuhlola. Endabeni "Uzakwethu" nezinye "ochwepheshe" ezidingekayo umphelelisi kusukela iqembu elifanayo. Ngesikhathi sigaba reflection olusetshenziswa ukukhetha izintshumayelo ababe kufinyeleleke kakhulu ngekhanda, isethulo ngokucacile izinto zithunyelwe.

amasu sekufundzisa okunjalo enkulisa Isaphulelo Lite samuntu. Ojahidada nazo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu, kodwa bayakhuthazwa imiyalezo futhi ingxenye isithombe esikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso "inganekwane mayelana itheniphu" uhlukaniswe izithombe eziningana ehlukile. Nempongo uthola itheniphu isithombe, wesibili kakhokho wakhe, ugogo lwesithathu, umzukulu wesine, mabhungane yesihlanu, amakati eziyisithupha. Ngenxa yalokho, bobabili kufanele athumele guys kusukela uphiko okufushane ngomumo odumile inganekwane zonke.

Reception "ngalendoda"

izindlela ezinjalo izindlela yekufundza nekufundzisa Site inqubo interactive zemfundo. "Collector" muhle belungiselela nokwenziwa izinto ezintsha zokufundisa. He kubhekwa indlela jikelele, njengoba kuyintando ngokulinganayo kuhle ubuchwepheshe izifundo, kanye ne-chemistry. Ukuqondisa kabusha enkulu le ndlela kuyinto ukusungula metasubject nokuxhumana imikhakha eyahlukene, obonisa kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olusha ukuchaza kuyinsakavukela.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala, abafundi kumele ukuqoqa iqoqo. Ekulungiseleleni sifundo zinikelwe umsebenzi ukuqoqa lemali ezihlukahlukene izinto ezihlobene eduze isihloko sifundo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekulungiseleleni kwengqikithi ethi "Wezangaphandle we Russian Federation" ngokuma kwezwe, guys bazoya amalebula angaphandle kanye amalebula. Basuke ethe njo ku-albhamu ekhethekile, futhi kumephu uhlaka uphawu yonke imibuthano yezwe, lapho Russia ingeniswe izimpahla.

Ukuze into enjalo, ezifana izincwadi, ukubutha iqoqo ekumeni izimbongi futhi abalobi noma izinhlamvu adalwe kubo. Ekulungiseleleni biology wabafana yakha iqoqo amacembe ezihlahla ezihlukahlukene, ulwelwe, izinyoni, izimpaphe, nokunye. D.

Ngo isinyathelo esilandelayo sifundo iphethini elithile, zonke izinto ezitholakele akhiwa albhamu eyodwa. isampula ngalinye okufunile incazelo. Uma izinto ezihlobene nokusebenzelana amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, bazitshela igama lomkhiqizo, ifomula ayo zamakhemikhali, ububanzi, okubalulekile abantu, izici ezingezinhle.

Isigaba sesithathu kuyinto ukusebenza iqoqo olidalile ngaphambili inqubo yemfundo. Kutfutfukiswa izindlela methodological yalolu hlobo kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango zokuthola izinto ezintsha kanye nje okungaqondile elwati nemakhono zitholwa zesikole. Isifundo yakhiwe ngendlela ubuchopho-indandatho, umdlalo ibhizinisi, endalini. Isigaba uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana, ngayinye ukwenza isethulo weqoqo okulungiselelwe. Thishela ithola "ibhonasi" lapho ukhetha le ndlela njengendlela reference ngomumo noma iqoqo eliphelele, bazokwazi ukuyisebenzisa uma usebenza nabanye abafundi.

Reception "Smart Ring"

It is kabanzi ukuze kwenziwe yolwazi. Ingasetshenziselwa lokufeza inhlolo-vo abangafuni nje nokuzala impahla kugaywe, kodwa futhi banomphefumulo ukucabanga associative yokudala, logic amaketanga uyakwazi Ukusungula ladabula phakathi izithombe nolwazi olusha. Phishekela "smart indandatho" kungaba yisiphi isifundo ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza amakhono ezikhona, i-zilungiselela isifundo of izinto ezintsha, kanye ukuba afingqe indaba ephathwayo. essence yayo itholakala ukumelwa wengane njengoba "boxer". It has ukumelana inombolo ethile "hits", ngokunembile, imibuzo ebuzwa uthisha kanye nezinye izingane zami ngesihloko. Ongacabanga ngakho impendulo anakho imizuzwana 3-5 kuphela. imibuzo ohlongozwayo "boxer 'kuhilelani impendulo eqondile. Le nqubo ivumela uthisha ngokushesha ukuqhuba ucwaningo, ukuhlola izinga sokulungiselela umfundi, uma sikubeka ukukala. Imibuzo kungaba ifomu ukudlala ke ngaphezu imemori mechanical, uthisha bazokwazi ukuhlonza kanye degree of ukuqonda isihloko. Imibuzo zingase zimiswe ngesimo charades, wokuphicaphicana ngamagama nezinombolo, ipholisemi omabizwafane. imibuzo Math kungase kuthathelwe indawo i-akhawunti temlomo, puzzle yamahlaya. Kwamakhemikhali izingane ekilasini bayakhuthazwa ukulungisa amaphutha amafomula ukucacisa kumbhali yomthetho.

Reception "Running Association"

He kubhekwa esebenzayo ndlela yokufundisa. Yisebenzise ukuhlela lwazi aluthola ngokuqhathanisa ulwazi olusha abanolwazi esingilitholile. Ukwamukelwa kusekelwe ukuxhumana inqubo yokufunda enganakile sphere izinkanuko zenyama. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukusetshenziswa 'ukugijima inhlangano "uyoba abatholako eqinile kolwazi kanye nogqozi ukuze uthole okunye abafundi imfundo. Ngoba inkinga yokuthi izifundo ngosizo uthisha ukubeka injongo eyinhloko yomsebenzi. Thishela uhlukanisa ikilasi bahambe ngababili. Khona setha isihloko sifundo. Baby amagama 2-3 amazwi, elihlanganisa isihloko umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, izibalo, "egijima inhlangano" kufanelekile ekutadisheni "Umbuthano" indaba ephathwayo. Thishela ukhombisa izingane round izinto. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we abafundi is kulekelelwa neketanga okunengqondo kuqalile nguthishela. Uma isifundo kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma kwebafundzi, indlela 'egijima inhlangano "futhi kusize nomfundisi ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi imisebenzi. Ithimba ekilasini sehlukaniswe ngazimbili. Enye ingane ubiza amagama amabili unconnected. Inselele lenkhulu umfundi yesibili ukudonsa isigwebo sazo lapho amazwi uzobe ngokunengqondo ezixhunyiwe.

Ukwahlukanisa amasu sekufundzisa elisetshenziswa inqubo yesimanje ezemfundo, linikeza ezihlukahlukene othisha. Isisekelo division of ngokukhetha izikhathi ezahlukene, banikezwe ngokucacile mayelana nale ndaba, uhlobo lizilolonga. amasu methodical kumele kahle nangempumelelo elisetshenziswa enqubweni yokufunda yonke. Professionals bakholelwa ukuthi emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela esifundweni degree of buciko of indaba kushintsha kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, guys bayakwazi ukukhumbula okungamaphesenti angu-60, kusukela 4 kuya ku-23 ngomzuzu amaseshini, zifunda 90% ulwazi kusuka 23 kuya 34 ukukhumbula ulwazi nengxenye kuphela. Ukwazi lokhu izibalo, thishela angasebentisa ukwakha uhlelo lwabo methodical lomsebenzi.

isiphetho

Okufanele ayicabangele lapho ekhetha amasu sekufundzisa? Ochwepheshe bathi lizinga lekuphumelela ngokuqondile okuhlobene isikhathi sosuku. Ngokwesibonelo, eziyinkimbinkimbi Imininingwane izingane zifunde ezihamba phambili kusukela amahora 11 kuya 13. Abanye kahle yokutakula ngesikhathi abafundi abaphezulu kugujwa ngoMgqibelo, ngoba zonke ngabomvu ngempelasonto esiya kuyo. amasu sekufundzisa Akukhetheki kufanele kuhambisane izinto ngempumelelo ezibukwayo, izakhiwo zesimanje lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe kube khona isikhala impendulo egcwele phakathi ukuqeqeshwa sessions phakathi kwezingane uthisha. Ukuze ukusebenza esiphezulu zokufundisa isicelo, kumele kuhlanganiswe izindlela zokufundisa. Ngokukhetha amasu sekufundzisa, thishela ngifuna bazakudla sishukumise abafundi sokwetshisa izinto ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, khona yabafundisi neyezinto zemvelo design nocwaningo izindlela eduze. Imininingwane yalezi zinto kangangokuthi kuhilela semali umsebenzi wesikole. Ukuze ngokomzimba imfundo othisha Site cishe zonke izindlela yokufunda esigabeni ngasinye esifundweni, ungasebenzisa izingcezu ubuchwepheshe ezintsha zokufundisa.