Umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi kanye lodaba. Concept futhi yemithetho zokuphatha

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi, kanye isiyalo, futhi engxenyeni ezimele liyisici esibalulekile zohlelo ukuqeqeshwa ngasiphi inyuvesi ihleli ezweni ngokungemthetho. Yingakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphawula zonke izici zalesi imidanti.

umqondo jikelele

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi kanye nodaba kuyinto kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi lwemithetho ichaze njengengxenye isayensi zomthetho kubo. Okokuqala, sifaka i-ubudlelwane isimo-zokuphatha zomphakathi, imibono zokuphatha, imibono, kanye umqondo eyinhloko izenzo normative-zomthetho, okuyinto alawule ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, izakhamuzi kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni kwamandla esiphezulu, kanye phakathi isimo nemithetho yendawo iziphathimandla wonke.

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi kuhlanganisa ngaphakathi oyiyo esiyinhloko, ukuphila okungukuthi nomphakathi:

• Conditionality kanye nempumelelo amalungiselelo zokuphatha.
• Imithetho yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.
• Reform nokuthuthukiswa ukuthambekela umthetho zokuphatha njengoba iqoqo ubudlelwano ukuphathwa kanye yenhlangano, kulawulwa umthetho.
• Umlando ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusungulwa kwalesi legatsha komthetho ekukhanyeni neminye imikhakha yesayensi wokusiza zomthetho.
• Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa umthetho zokuphatha angaphandle ukuze esikhathini esizayo afunde umuzwa omuhle kanye nokuqalisa ke kumthetho kazwelonke.

Tincenye Law Administrative

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi kafushane esekelwe imithetho jikelele soMthethosisekelo isiRashiya, imithetho kahulumeni, kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko eziningi ezinye izenzo zomthetho. Njenganoma iyiphi enye isayensi nesiyalo, umthetho zokuphatha kuhlanganisa izingxenye 2: jikelele futhi ekhethekile.

Njengoba for isayensi, okuphindiwe umkhakha ngokuya ukwakheka kanye iqukethe izici ezifanayo. I jikelele ingxenye imelelwa imithombo zomthetho. Lapha, ukunakwa kunikezwa izingxabano eziningi mayelana nokuthi isenzo zomthetho liwumthombo komthetho, hhayi abantu bakithi sezizwe ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto kuhlobene umkhakha. isikhundla Special kwezesayensi kunikezwa okushiwo umthetho zokuphatha ekuqondeni yayo ukubaluleka kwalo emphakathini ehlukene, futhi uhulumeni, kanye nezikhonzi zakhe.

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi kufaka ekhethekile ingxenye. Lapha kukhona elikhanyayo sub-imikhakha kanye nezikhungo, ezifana inkonzo yomphakathi, kamasipala, sakhiwo, umthetho amaphoyisa. Omunye sub-imikhakha ezinkulu, futhi ilungelo oluyingozi kakhulu nomphakathi. Kukhona ngisho esikoleni futhi nomthetho commercial. Okubaluleke kakhulu for ukusebenza ngempumelelo isimo kukhona amagatsha azimele, ezifana imithetho yentela noma yezimali ukuthi ukunikeza izimali.

zokuphatha imisebenzi yesayensi

Ayikho umkhakha akuyona ngaphandle kwezinkinga okuhambisana ayisibonelo insimu yezesayensi womsebenzi. Ngakho, umthetho zokuphatha njengoba isayensi igxile eziningi izinhloso, okuyilezi:

1. Ukukhomba izinkinga esigabeni samanje ekukhuleni komphakathi.
2. Definition of ukuqaliswa eyinkimbinkimbi esanda abazamukela izindinganiso.
3. I incazelo yayo eqondile komthetho wokuphatha imithombo ezisemthethweni.
4. Ukuthuthukisa indlela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kanye nokwethulwa namazinga, kanye ekuboneni ukusebenza kwethonya uhulumeni.

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ikakhulukazi, akusho ukuthi asinalo ukunakwa. Ezenye imisebenzi igcwaliswe kanje. wezwa njalo ukucwaninga kwesayensi, iziphetho, kanye nezincomo for ngcono omthetho, kanye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izipesheli. Njengomthetho, izifundiswa elikhanyayo ekusungulweni wezenzo zomthetho normative. imibono ehlukeneko yezinto izazi lomthetho ngeke kuphela ukufinyelela iqiniso, kodwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo ngcono indlela ukuphathwa.

I yesayensi isisekelo theory

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi isekelwe ezithile isisekelo theory. igunya Eyisisekelo kanye ephakeme kakhulu ifilosofi, isayensi yokuphathwa komphakathi, ilungelo social security. Uma sicabanga ngale ndaba, ingabe ngaphandle wezifundo zezombusazwe kanye kwabantu. Kunzima overestimate okomnikelo isayensi ezifana imfundiso yokuziphendukela isimo kanye nomthetho.

Akunakwenzeka ukwakha ulwazi lwesayensi kuphela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho kwamanye amagatsha zomthetho. imicabango yabantu Ngakho abaningi nokusikisela osolwazi odokotela yomthetho bangaphansi isisekelo sokuthethelelwa yalendawo komthetho.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko umthetho zokuphatha ngokulinganayo zidinga ukunakekelwa. Yingakho maqondana nezimiso eziqondile iqembu idingekile ukuze kokuhlaziya izenzo zabo, bezibona isihloko, kanye lo mshini kokusebenza. Ziningi umthetho zokuphatha umelwe isayensi, imithombo zazo zingafundwa kokubili kusuka kwamanye amagatsha zomthetho, futhi zonke izinhlobo iziphakamiso, izifushaniso kanye nomsebenzi zobudokotela.

Kuwufanele ugxumela ithiyori

umthetho wokuqondisa njengenhlangano isiyalo zezemfundo imelelwa eziklanyelwe ukuqeqeshwa Yiqiniso. Ministry of Education ithole ukuthi kuncike uyisidingo nganoma yisiphi isikhungo semfundo esezingeni eliphakeme.

Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde ukuthi yini ukuthi isiphi isiyalo zezemfundo - sikhishwa uhlelo olulodwa yolwazi, okuyinto ethulwa umfundi by Ministry of Education evunyiwe izindlela zokufundisa. Ngokuqondene wemboni zokuphatha, kukhona imithetho jikelele theory ezihlobene kuphela ekuphathweni komphakathi.

uhlelo thematic

umthetho wokuqondisa njengenhlangano isiyalo zezemfundo kuthatha isisekelo thematic ngohlelo ukuthi wonke umuntu uthisha kanye ngokusemthethweni livikeleke imanuwali inqubomgomo.

umthetho wokuqondisa njengoba isayensi kanye nodaba kuhlanganisa lenqwaba amalungiselelo. Nokumisa i-ndathane yokwaziswa futhi ukugqamisa amalungiselelo main ivumela uhlelo thematic. Le dokhumenti iqukethe kwasekuqaleni lonke inani amahora, okuyinto zihlukaniswe izinkulumo, izinkulumo kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa.

nokuntula usizo

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, isayensi ukutadisha nokubusa ethize futhi zonke izici zalo, iqukethe anenombolo enganele amahora adingekayo ephelele ukumuncwa impahla. Lezi izikhala kuholele yokuthi uthisha akanayo isikhathi ukwethula izinto ngokugcwele eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye umfundi nje Flick ngokusebenzisa isikhundla ezivamile ukuze "ngandlela-thile ukuba siqondiswe." isibukeza okunjalo amalungiselelo eyinhloko emehlweni ngokuhlala izimpikiswano ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlobene amalayisense, amasiko ibhizinisi, ucingo zisetshenziselwe ukuba ngezamaphoyisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emphakathini wanamuhla we kungekho ukubaluleka encane kungumsebenzi zokuphatha, okuyinto, ngokomthetho ijwayelekile cishe zonke izakhamuzi. Ngeshwa, le isihloko basingatha enganele.

Umehluko phakathi eyala nesayensi

abafundi abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi impendulo yombuzo umehluko phakathi umthetho zokuphatha njengoba isayensi isiyalo. Okufanayo ezibonakala imiqondo babe umehluko omkhulu.

Okokuqala, isayensi iqoqo ulwazi qualitatively entsha, okuyinto iphuzu elithile akekho ababengalazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiyalo incike ngokuphelele isayensi ethile. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isayensi angaba khona kahle ngaphandle isiyalo zezemfundo ancibilikisa kuphela izenzo ezithile ezingokomthetho.