Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu ithangi French? imodeli Uhlolojikelele

Tank-isakhiwo esikhathini sethu - omunye Amathrendi okuholela ezindabeni zezempi. Ukuthuthukiswa zempi bekulokhu idume amandla amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganise France njalo. Leli zwe ingenye Kulezo zifunda, okungase ngokuphepha ukubalwa phakathi abasunguli kwezinhloko zamaviyo zempi. Ngakho-ke, isibuyekezo esinemininingwane amathangi French oyokwenziwa kulesi sihloko, amamodeli ukuhlaziywa kanye iqukethe umlando ukuthuthukiswa yabo.

prehistory

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukwakhiwa amathangi, ngenxa yalokho, waqala ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. IFrance lizwe lesibili ukuthi uye bamukela amathangi enkundleni yempi.

Ethangini lokuqala French wayekulungele ngo-September 1916. umdali kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe Jean Etienne, okuyinto, empeleni, kubhekwa uyise ekusungulweni ukuthuthukiswa ithangi French. Lokhu isikhulu owayeyinhloko labasebenzi ibutho wezikhali. Wayekwazi ukushintsha isimo on the front, futhi ngoba umcabango wokuqala ngokusebenzisa ukufohla komugqa isitha zokuzivikela usebenzisa izimoto zilandelwa. Ngemva kwalokho, endaweni ehlasela, wahlela ukusungula kanye wezikhali ukucindezela ukumelana isitha kusukela kulesi sikhundla. Lapha kumelwe senze emazwini ezibalulekile: ". Lokushaya wezikhali tractor" izimoto armored, esilibiza ngokuthi amathange French ngalezo zinsuku nabizelwa

Qala zokukhiqiza

Umyalo omkhulu isiFulentshi, efana izinduna kakhulu lempi kwamanye amazwe ngaleso sikhathi, umqondo wokwakha ithangi wathatha baqaphe kakhulu futhi bayangabaza. Nokho, u-Etienne waphikelela futhi ayesekelwa Jikelele Joffe esitatimendeni, ngakho bevunyelwa ukwakha sibonelo. Inkampani "Renault 'kwakwenziwa minyaka umholi zobunjiniyela. Ukuthi Etienne ezihlongozwayo ukuvula enkathini entsha izimoto zempi. Kodwa ukuphathwa kwenkampani waphoqeleka ukuba senqabe, bephawula lokuthi abanayo nakho izimoto zilandelwa.

Kule ndaba, ithangi French waphathiswa ukwakha inkampani "Schneider", okuyinto umenzi elikhulu izikhali ahlukahlukene futhi kwadingeka isipiliyoni "Holt" ekubhukeni ugandaganda. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kuka-1916 inkampani wathola i-oda amathangi 400, okuyinto kamuva waziwa ngokuthi CA1 ( "Schneider").

Izici izimoto zokuqala armored

Njengoba eliphi elinye ithangi umqondo ethile ungenziwanga yomphakathi, kule ndaba, France lithole embodiments ezimbili ezahlukene amathangi, zombili ezazenzelwe encike ugandaganda isibungu. Kuqhathaniswa ithangi English-French izimoto armored babengenalo amacimbi ezinqamula izindlu azungezile. Bakhandwa esisogwini izinhlangothi futhi ngokuqondile ngaphansi uzimele. Chassis ivele, esangenza isebenze umshini ngaphandle nobunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo onjalo kuqinisekisa wenduduzo crew. Nokho, ngaphambili ingxenye yomzimba imoto hung phezu amathrekhi, futhi ngoba noma isiphi isikhubekiso mpo kuba ukuziba.

Tank Lui Reno

Ngemva kwaba sobala ukuthi isakhiwo tank - isiqondiso ethembisa, Etienne babuyela inkampani "Renault". Ngalesi sikhathi isiphathiswa wakwazi nokuphimisela inkinga umenzi - ukwakha ithangi ukukhanya nge ngalé amancane sengozini okuncane, futhi umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ukusekela elihamba empini. "Renault FT" - Ngenxa French ukukhanya amathangi zadalwa.

isizukulwane esisha imishini

Tank "Renault FT-17" kubhekwa imodeli kuqala ethangini, okuyinto isetjentiswe isakhiwo zakudala (injini gumbi elitholakala ngemva, ukulwa gumbi - maphakathi, futhi ukwehlukana ukuphathwa - phambili), kodwa futhi ibe umbhoshongo ezingaba uphendukisa 360.

Amatilosi babengamakhulu amabili - yokushayela-umakhenikha futhi umlawuli, owayehlangene izinsizakalo isibhamu noma izibhamu.

Ehlome ngamathuluzi okuthola amathangi kungaba ithuluzi noma isibhamu umshini. "Cannon" okufana Kucatshangwa ukufakwa izibhamu semiautomatic "Gochkiss SA18" ububanzi 37 mm. Isiqondiso isibhamu eyalo ukuphumula ekhethekile ehlombe, okuvumela ukuba enze ithiphu mpo in the uhla kusuka degree angu -20 kuya +35.

Chassis ithangi enikeziwe futhi usekela ezinamasondo ukwesekwa, ukuqondisa amasondo, ukulandelela tensioning isikulufa indlela, okuyinto, zakhulisa kwaba krupnozvenchatymi futhi cogging.

Engxenyeni aft ethangini kwadingeka ubakaki, lapho umshini wakwazi ukuthi alahle izihlahla ububanzi 0.25 metres, ukunqoba emiseleni ayecashe kuyo futhi imisele kobubanzi kuze kufinyelele 1.8 metres uphinde uthele kancane ngeke sithi umqulu i-engela degrees 28. Okuncane turning engaba ethangini kwaba 1.41 metres.

Ukuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Phakathi nale nkathi, Jikelele Etienne wenza umzamo ukwakha ezimele ithangi amabutho, okuyinto kwakufanele abe wahlukanisa ukukhanya, aphakathi nendawo kanye imishini esindayo. Nokho, umzimba jikelele sika wayenombono wakhe, futhi, kusukela ngo-1920, yonke iminyango zazingaphansi kwabakhululekileyo ithangi elihamba phansi. Kule ndaba, Kwaba khona ukwahlukana abagibele amahhashi kanye elihamba amathangi.

Nokho ngomdlandla umsebenzi Etienne neze yize - kuze 1923, inkampani «FCM» kudala eziyishumi-zazilengela amathangi esindayo 2C. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, sibonga inkampani "isikhulu", kukhona egatsheni French amathangi M onobuhle, le mishini babe ezithakazelisayo ukuthi zisetshenziselwa kanyekanye futhi amathrekhi namasondo. uhlobo injini angase washintsha kuye ngezimo ezungezile.

Army Uhlelo motorization

Ngo-1931, France waqala ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze leli sondo kwesimo endaweni izimoto. Kule ndaba, inkampani "Renault" usanda kwethula lento zakamuva ngesikhathi yokukhanya AMR ethangini. Lokhu umbhoshongo umshini nomzimba axhunyiwe ndawonye esebenzisa uhlaka emincane futhi izipikili. Metal amashidi zimisiwe ngumuntu engela okunengqondo kuthambekela. Umbhoshongo ukuthi kugudlukela ngasengxenyeni lwesokunxele, futhi injini - ngakwesokudla. Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli abantu ababili efakwe ohlwini. izikhali Standard babe izibhamu ezimbili - Reibel ubukhulu 7.5 mm Hotchkiss krupokaliberny (13,2 mm).

Unconventional imoto armored

ukuthuthukiswa Maximum amathangi French babe esikhathini zeminyaka 1936-1940. Lokhu kungenxa kuyanda kwaba usongo lempi ebuzwe lempi French babe kahle.

Omunye amathangi, okuyinto wangenela inkonzo ngo-1934, kwaba B1. Ukusebenza kwawo kwabonisa ukuthi yaba khona saba nemiphumela ethile engathandeki abalulekile: ukufakwa okungalungile kwezikhali kuleli cala, ngezinga eliphezulu of sengozini we chassis, ukusatshalaliswa engenangqondo imisebenzi phakathi zezisebenzi. Prakthiza selukhombisile ukuthi empeleni umshayeli kwadingeka ukuba aphonse ukulawula umshini futhi afeze supply nezinhlamvu. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi ngenxa ethangini waba isisulu umile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka okhethekile yindlela zempi umshini. amathangi esindayo French, kanye nozakwabo kwenye indawo emhlabeni, izidingo ezikhethekile ukuze zivikeleke. B1 abazange ukuhambisana.

Futhi ekugcineni, okubaluleke - B1 kwakubiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa, ukusebenzisa nokugcina. Of ezimfanelweni ezinhle umshini kuyafaneleka ijubane layo eliphezulu kanye nokuphathwa okuhle.

imodeli okuthuthukisiwe

Uma ucabangela amathangi French esindayo, kufanele nakanjani sinake umshini B-1 bis. Isisindo ethangini kwaba amathani 32, futhi nenani ungqimba armored kwaba 60 mm. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo nezisebenzi ukuzizwa uqobo zvschischennym kusuka izibhamu German ngaphandle antiaircraft isibhamu Flak 36 osezingeni 88 mm. Kwakuthinta Saqinisa kwezikhali.

Ngu uqobo, imoto armored ephuma yabalingisi izingxenye. Umbhoshongo futhi eyenziwe ekubunjweni, futhi izindlu igibele ezigabeni eziningana armored oxhumene by imishudo.

eseyintsha Exclusive angabhekwa khona ithangi we booster wokubacindezela, ukuvumela ukuphatha sondo multi-ton ngaphandle kobunzima.

Njengoba izikhali ezisetshenziswa CA-35 75 mm ubukhulu inganono, okuyinto yayisethafeni ngakwesokunene umshayeli. Engela ephakeme degrees 25 kanye Nokwehla - 15. isibhamu ovundlile waba nenkanuko edlulele eqinile.

Futhi iyatholakala kwaba isibhamu "Chatellerault" osezingeni 7.5 mm. Wayelethwa ukukhwezwa ngezansi nje isibhamu. Nomlilo kusukela ayengakwenza njengoba umshayeli futhi tank nomyali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esetshenziswa inhlamvu kagesi.

Faka ithangi kungaba ngomnyango armored ngakwesokudla, kubhaklazeka, ise-tower ne ku esihlalweni somshayeli, kanye zokungena ezimbili eziphuthumayo - omunye wawusegunjini esinqeni olulodwa phezulu kuleli gumbi engangikulo injini.

Futhi lokhu ithangi French kwaba ifakwe fuel amathangi self-uphawu futhi gyro ohlangothini. Isetshenziswa imoto abasemkhunjini isibalo ezine. Isici esiphawulekayo umshini angabhekwa khona isiteshi somsakazo, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba rarity.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II

amathangi French Second Umhlaba banikezwe umshini ezilandelayo:

• Hotchkiss H35 - umshini, lakhiwa "Gochkiss". Ngo ibhanoyi layo isicelo ezinamasondo eyisithupha uhlangothi ngalunye. Cishe zonke izingxenye ethangini ziye inkatho. Arms bekakhona isibhamu 37 mm. Zempi waba ukushuba 34 mm kuya ku-45 mm, kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo.
• Renault R35 - ithangi isakhiwo classical. Lonke machine aboshelwe futhi hairpin uxhumano. Corps kwaphonswa. Firepower enikeziwe izibhamu izibhamu. Amandla isitshalo - injini carbureted amandla four cylinder 83 amahhashi. Ngeshwa, ithangi bekuhamba kancane. Ngezinye isisindo emzimbeni amathani 10, wayengathi kuphela ukufinyelela isivinini 19 km / h, kwakukhona okuncane kakhulu elihamba amayunithi.
• elihamba ithangi Ephakathi "Reno D-2 '- mshini ehloniphekile zempi ukujiya kanye ijubane elinensayo ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Tank isibhamu kwadingeka ububanzi 47 mm machine gun - 7.5 mm. Turret Ukujikeleza futhi isibhamu theka ngesandla isigwedlo. Ohlangothini ezinamasondo ngamunye 14 yasetshenziswa.
• Somua S35 - ithangi powerplant ezingemuva-agibele amahhashi. Engine - carburetor, ayisishiyagalombili-cylinder, uketshezi selehlile. Chassis ofakelwe nge ukudluliswa mathupha. Ukuze ulawule umshini esetshenziswa umehluko double. Ukumiswa kwaba ezinamasondo okuxubile. umzimba sici kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa izingcezu eziyisithupha zempi aboshelwe ku. umbhoshongo Hexagonal babuqinile. It usungula inganono futhi machine gun. I ukushuba we zempi frontal elilingana 36 mm, izinhlangothi - 41 mm, engaphelele zempi umbhoshongo - 56 mm. I nemiphumela ethile engathandeki kungenziwa kuphela zibalwa Isivinini ongaphakeme ethangini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimbi.

izinsuku ngemva kwempi

Yokutholwa ngo-1946, uhlelo tank wokwakha kuye kwaholela kulokho kwaqala ukukhiqizwa okungcono amathangi French.

Ngo-1951 kwafika ithangi ukukhanya AMX-13 kusukela elihambayo. Sici Its libhekene turret oscillating.

Battle Tank AMX-30 waqala ukuba ikhishwe ngo-1980. ilungiselelo Its has isikimu zakudala. Umshayeli therein ngokufanele ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Umdubuli kambayimbayi kanye ithangi umkhuzi ise lokulwa gumbi ohlangothini kwesokudla isibhamu, ukushaja fighter efanayo ihlala ngakwesokudla. Umthamo amathangi fuel 960 amalitha. Ammunition kwaba 47 isibhamu.

Tank AMX-32 inobungako 40 wamathani. Njengoba kuphuma isibhamu izingalo 120 mm, 20 mm isibhamu M693 machine gun futhi 7,62 mm. Ammunition - 38 imizuliswano. Ngu onguthelawayeka ithangi uyakwazi isivinini esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-65 km / h. izingalo kuqiniswa uhlelo ku-intanethi. Ephambi kwezinduna digital ikhompyutha ballistic, laser rangefinder. Ukuze usebenze ebusuku is esetshenzisiwe oluhambisana isibhamu ikhamera "Thomson S5R". ukubonakala Round engenziwa nge periscopes eziyisishiyagalombili. Futhi, ithangi ifakwe uhlelo umlilo ukucindezelwa air conditioning, setha ukudala intuthu zesikrini.

Le nguqulo ukuthekelisa

Uma imodeli ngenhla amathangi French lalinabashumayeli France ahlomile, ithangi AMX-40 Yenziwa kuphela ukuthekelisa. umlilo kokuholwa nokulawulwa izimiso zinikeza-90% amathuba ukushaya ilitshe, lapho Ngaleyo ndlela, kungaba sise ibanga 2000 amamitha. Ngakho kusukela mzuzu ukuthola ekubhujisweni target sihamba imizuzwana 8 kuphela. Motor imoto - diesel, 12 ne-cylinder, turbocharger. Ixhumeke nge automatic transmission 7P, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuthuthukisa nomthamo 1300 amalitha. a., kodwa kamuva ukudluliswa German Esikhundleni okulingana French. On ethangini onguthelawayeka has a isivinini phezulu 70 km / h.

enkathini yesimanje

Kuze kube manje, kakhulu entsha tank French - AMX-56 "Leclerc". ukukhiqizwa yayo serial wethulwa emuva ngo-1991.

Tank libhekene ngezinga eliphezulu saturation electronics, inani okuyinto ilingana isigamu intengo wonke umshini. Sakhiwo ethangini - Classic. I kwezikhali main ibekwa umbhoshongo.

imishini Zempi - multi-ungqimba futhi ifakwe gaskets esakhiwe ngezinto sobumba. Ngaphambili ingxenye izindlu inedizayini Modular ukuthi kwenza kube lula ukushintsha izingxenye ezilimele.

Ethangini nayo ifakwe uhlelo evikela iqembu izikhali zembubhiso kanye isixwayiso mayelana uhlelo laser ngemisebe.

I ukulwa injini gumbi futhi inohlelo wokukucima esheshayo-umlilo. Ayikho inkinga umraro ungabuzwa umusi screen at ibanga kuze kube 55 amamitha.

The main tank isibhamu isibhamu SM-120-26 120 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona ezimbili ezihlukene osezingeni izibhamu. Ukulwa Machine isisindo - amathani 54,5.