MANPADS "Stinger": izici futhi uma iqhathaniswa analogue

Phakathi izikhali zanamuhla, kabanzi primyanyaemogo ezimpini zendawo, indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu MANPADS. Basuke kabanzi kokubili amabutho ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene futhi izinhlangano amaphekula ekulweni emoyeni okuhloswe. Le nkomba lolu hlobo isikhali kubhekwa i MANPADS American "Stinger".

Umlando sendalo kanye nokuqaliswa

MANPADS "Stinger" lwakhiwe futhi akhiwe e-US corporation Jikelele Dynamics. Kusukela zalesi simiso izikhali libhekisela 1967. Ngo-1971, umqondo MANPADS sivunyiwe by US Army futhi abamukelwa njengamadodana prototype ukuthuthuka esizayo ngaphansi kophawu FIM-92. Ngonyaka olandelayo sivunyiwe futhi igama layo zomdabu "Stinger", okuyinto kusuka esiNgisini. Kusho "Udosi".

Ngenxa nobunzima bobuchwepheshe missile yangempela ukuqalisa lokuqala kusukela eziyinkimbinkimbi kwenzeka kuphela maphakathi no-1975. ukukhiqizwa serial MANPADS "Stinger" waqala ngo-1978 ngenhloso esikhundleni MANPADS akusebenzi FIM-43 Red Eye, ukukhishwa kusukela 1968.

Ngaphezu imodeli eziyisisekelo yasungulwa futhi izinguqulo angaphezu kweshumi nambili ezahlukene isikhali.

Ukwanda emhlabeni

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, MANPADS "Stinger" wangena esikhundleni MANPADS izinhlelo "Red Eye". ezicitshwayo zako ziyizindlela izindlela eziphumelelayo ekubhekaneni ephansi engamamitha emoyeni okuhloswe. Okwamanje, izakhiwo yohlobo esetshenziswa amabutho e-United States nakwamanye amazwe 29, basuke ezivezwa Raytheon Missile Systems nangaphansi ilayisensi by Eads eJalimane. uhlelo izikhali "Stinger" ihlinzeka okunokwethenjelwa emoyeni yokuvikela eliwumhlaba mobile amayunithi eziphambili lempi. ukulwa ukusebenza walo uye kungase kutholakale ezimpini ezine eziyinhloko, okuyinto ngosizo yayo libhujisiwe abangaphezu kuka-270 ukulwa izindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

Inhloso izici

MANPADS kubhekwa - a engasindi, self-equkethwe yesimiso sokuzivikela emoyeni ukuthi kungenziwa ngokushesha efakwe ezisekelweni lempi kunoma isiphi isimo ukulwa. Ngoba noma yini ngenhloso MANPADS "Stinger" singasebenza? Izici kweminsalo, waqondisa microprocessors reprogrammable angasebenzisa bobabili ukuqala ezinophephela emhlane ku "emoyeni-air" Imodi ukuze silwe emoyeni amatshe, kanye ukuzivikela ku "phansi-to-air" Imodi. Ngokushesha emva kokwethulwa of the umdubuli kambayimbayi imahhala ukubaleka, ukugwema umlilo ukubuya, ngaleyo ndlela nokufeza ukuphepha ukulwa layo ngempumelelo.

Lo rocket has a ubude 1,52 m kanye ububanzi of 70 mm ukuphakama 10 cm ezine sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza control evele (emibili yayo yokunyathelisa, futhi ezimbili - okumile) empambanweni umnsalo. Inesisindo 10.1 kg, kuyilapho isisindo rocket kusukela isiqalisi imayelana 15.2 kg.

Okuhlukile MANPADS "Stinger"

- FIM-92A: inguqulo yokuqala.

- FIM - 92C: rocket ne reprogrammiruemym sekhompiyutha. Umthelela ukuphazamiseka yangaphandle iye ihlawulelwa ngokungeza namandla kakhulu digital izingxenye computer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethulwa isofthiwe sesihlanganisiwe reconfigured ukuze esikhathini esifushane ukuphendula ngokushesha nangempumelelo ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zokumelana (wenza umcimbi futhi decoys). Ngaphambi 1991, abangaba ngu-20 000 amayunithi kuphela US Army yakhishwa.

- FIM-92D: ukulungiswa abahlukahlukene yasetshenziswa kule nguqulo ukuze amasosha omzimba sokungahloniphi.

- FIM-92E: rocket ne reprogrammiruemym sekhompiyutha Block I. Ukungeza ukudluliselwa inzwa entsha, isofthiwe wokubuyekeza nokuphathwa sezishiye ukuba ngcono okukhulu ku control indiza missile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle nolokubhujiswa amatshe amatshe amancane, ezifana drones, cruise ezicitshwayo nokukhanya kwesimo endaweni ezinophephela emhlane ithuthukisiwe. I ukudiliva wokuqala kwaqala ngo-1995. Cishe wonke isitokwe yezikhali ezicitshwayo "Stinger" e-United States itsetfwe kule nguqulo.

- FIM-92F: ukwenzangcono we-E-version kanye version of the ukukhiqizwa zamanje.

- FIM - 92G: Isibuyekezo esingacaciswanga ngoba kukho D.

- FIM - 92H: D-inketho ngcono ezingeni E-version.

- FIM-92I: rocket ne reprogrammiruemym sekhompiyutha Block II. Le nguqulo Kuye kwahlelwa kusekelwe version E. Ubungcono kuhlanganisiwe homing infrared. Kulesi ukuguqulwa, lo ukuthola ibanga eziqondiwe ikhono unqobe ukuphazamiseka abangu kakhulu anda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko design ungakwazi ukwandisa uhla isinyathelo. Nakuba umsebenzi safinyelela esigabeni ukuhlolwa, uhlelo kwayekwa 2002 ngenxa yezizathu kwesabelomali.

- FIM-92J: rocket ne reprogrammiruemym sekhompiyutha Block mina ethuthukisiwe izingxenye ephelelwe yisikhathi ukunweba ukuphila ngenye iminyaka engu-10. I warhead nayo ifakwe fuse ukusondela ukuze umsebenzi uhambe kahle ngokumelene drones.

ADSM, ukucindezelwa of izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela: okuhlukile nge ezengeziwe yokwenziwa radar homing, le ndlela lungasetshenziswa ngokumelene radar ukufaka.

missile kwethulwa indlela

MPADS American "Stinger" (FIM-92) yakhiwa AIM-92 missile ebiyelwe kanzima udaroustojchivyj esebenza kwethulwa ibhokisana lokugcina itiye noma ikhofi. Kuzo zombili igcina kuba zamabhodlela avaliwe. Phambi kwabo sihamba infrared kanye emisebeni yelanga, okuyinto ihlaziye homing. Ngezinye kokuqala, i-ikhava kuyinto rocket eziphukile. Ikhava ngemuva isitsha libhujiswa igesi jet kusukela booster. Ngenxa yokuthi le Imibhobho esemzimbeni namafutha ahlelwe obliquely maqondana eksisi nangomcibisholo, kusenzima kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba we esitsheni kwethulwa ozuza ngokunyakaza yokunyathelisa. Ngemva kokudedelwa missile esuka esitsheni e yayo umsila ingxenye kuyadalulwa isimame ezine zazo wahlela engela emzimbeni. Ngale ndlela mayelana axis awo e indiza yokusebenza torque engu.

Ngemva Ukuhamba missile at ibanga 8 amamitha kusukela booster opharetha ahlukana nayo futhi baqale ukumasha motor ezimbili isigaba. It ngesivinini the velocity missile ukuba 2.2 m (750 m / s) futhi igcina ke lonke indiza.

Indlela I-kuhloswe futhi ukuqhumisa rocket

Siyaqhubeka cabanga edume kakhulu US MANPADS. "Stinger" isebenzisa yokwenziwa infrared ofuna emoyeni okuhloswe. Akukona ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana emisebeni elikwazi ukuzwa ezindizeni, kodwa kunalokho kuthola amandla infrared (ukushisa) kukhishwa izinjongo aeronautical. Njengoba MANPADS "Stinger 'usebenza yokwenziwa homing mode, lokhu isikhali oluhambisana isimiso' umlilo bese ukhohlwa", okuyinto Akudingi umyalelo ovela ku-opharetha ngemuva kokudubula, ngokungafani nezinye ezicitshwayo kudingeka bushintshe trajectory zabo kusukela emhlabathini. Lokhu kuvumela opharetha ukuze "Stinger" ukulungele ukunqoba ezinye izinjongo ngokushesha ngemuva shot.

I warhead uhlobo alufakwa has a isisindo 3 kg fuse umthelela uhlobo newashi azibhubhise. I warhead yakhiwa i-infrared-inzwa izinjongo abakhasi fusing kwesigaba nokukodwa iphawundi iziqhumane okusezingeni eliphezulu, ebiyelwe a isilinda titanium pyrophoric. Fuse kuyinto ephephile kakhulu futhi ayivumeli missile ukuze acekele phansi zanoma yiluphi uhlobo emisebeni kagesi empini. Sezikhali kungenziwa kuphela liqhuma lapho ukushayisana ngenhloso noma ngenxa self-ukubhujiswa lowo kwenzeka esikhathini amasekhondi angu-15 kuya kwangu-19 ngemva kokuqala.

Umshini omusha sextant

Izinguqulo zakamuva zezinhlelo MANPADS ifakwe AN / PAS-18 emehlweni njalo. Lokhu okuhlala, engasindi emehlweni ezishisayo, okuyinto igibele ibhokisana lokugcina itiye noma ikhofi kwethulwa, ukuhlinzeka ikhono ukwethula ezicitshwayo nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku. Idivayisi lenziwe ngendlela yokuba libone izindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane kwebanga esiphezulu missile.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko AN / PAS-18 - lwekwenta ncono kusebenta kahle MANPADS. Isebenza ku uhla efanayo bohlu kagesi njengoba IR ofuna kweminsalo, futhi kuthola yimuphi izinto ezinemisebe infrared, elikwazi ukuzwa futhi rocket. Lesi sici futhi kwenza imisebenzi ebusuku ukubhekwa. Ukusebenza bayahlala e bohlu infrared, AN / PAS-18 ivumela umdubuli kambayimbayi ukunikeza sokukhomba MPADS adubule out phelele cime futhi ezimweni ukubonakala ongaphakeme (isb, kunenkungu, uthuli nomusi). Emini noma ebusuku AN / PAS-18 kungathola izindiza at kokuwa eliphezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, i-Ukuthola kungenzeka ibanga amakhilomitha 20 kuya ku-30. AN / PAS-18, ngempumelelo okungenani uzingela izindiza at kokuwa ongaphakeme, flying ngqo ubheke opharetha. Lapho nje leli fu qeda bezindiza umzimba kufihlwe, ngeke kutholakale, njengoba nje kuba ongaphandle kwendawo 8-10 angu kude opharetha. Ukuthola uhla kwandisa lapho indiza ishintsha indlela yayo indiza, ukuhlinzeka qeda umbukiso uqobo. AN / PAS-18 ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngemizuzwana 10 ngemva amandla phezulu. It lusekelwa ngamandla lithium ibhethri enikeza 6-12 amahora ukuphila kwebhetri. AN / PAS-18 uyithuluzi Night embonweni asizayo futhi ayinayo isinqumo kudingeka ukuhlonza izindiza.

ukulwa isicelo

Lapho ulungiselela ukusebenzisa isitsha inhlamvu nge spetszamkov ijoyina inhlamvu, okuyinto preset ku kwamandla. Uthi usebenzisa ikhebuli ne Isixhumi ipulaki ixhunywe ibhethri. Ngaphezu on-ebhodini inethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho rocket ehlangene ithangi ketshezi nge igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali. Esinye isici okuwusizo kuyinto ngezinjongo iyunithi ukuhlonza ohlelweni "amaqembu alwayo" (IFF). Lolu hlelo antenna has a isici kakhulu "igridi" ukubukeka, nayo enamathiselwe inhlamvu indlela.

Bangaki abantu kudingeka ukuba enze kwethulwa missile ka MANPADS "Stinger"? Izici umvumele ukuba benze kanjalo komqhubi olulodwa, nakuba ngokusemthethweni zenkonzo yalo idinga abantu ababili. Kulokhu, inombolo yesibili ibizwa ukuqapha isikhala emoyeni. Lapho itarget ibanjiwe, opharetha umcibisholo ubeka iqoqo ehlombe umenza umgomo. Lapho bamba yayo infrared missile ofuna ezwakalayo futhi vibration alamu, bese opharetha kufanele uphushe razarretirovat spetsknopki gyrostabilized platform oqhubeka undizisa esinqunyiwe isikhundla isihlobo emhlabathini, ukuhlinzeka isikhundla leso sikhathi of control missile. Kulandelwe ngokucindezela inhlamvu, ngemva kwalokho ketshezi igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali lwaluyophola ofuna infrared ingena missile homing esuka esitsheni ebhodini, uqala ukusebenza kwawo-flight ibhethri kulahliwe kanye detachable amandla ipulaki ivuliwe esiphakamayo squib kwethulwa.

How far is ngokudubula "Stinger"?

Kokudubula uhla MANPADS "Stinger" e ukuphakama 3500 m. Le vasi ifuna ukukhanya infrared (ukushisa) ezivezwa injini kwelitshe izindiza, futhi ithrekhi izindiza, kulandela kulo mthombo infrared ngemisebe. Rockets futhi ukunquma UV "isithunzi" into target futhi ulisebenzise ukugqamisa target kwi zasemuva zezinye izinto ezikhiqiza ukushisa.

Ububanzi MANPADS "Stinger" ekuphishekeleni umgomo anhlobonhlobo izinguqulo ezihlukene kulo. Ngakho, ukuze uthole samuntu eziyisisekelo senhlobo esiphezulu ilingana 4750 m, futhi inguqulo FIM-92E aze afinyelele 8 km.

TTX MANPADS "Stinger"

MANPADS Russian "Igla"

It is for ezithakazelisayo eyaziwa ukuqhathanisa izimfanelo MANPADS "Stinger" futhi "Igla-S", eyamukelwa Army Russian ngo-2001. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa okwamanje wadubula MANPADS "Igla-S".

Bobabili izakhiwo eduze isisindo ezicitshwayo: i- "Stinger" - 10, 1 kg, ngoba "Needle C" - 11.7, nakuba missile Russian 135 mm ubude. Kodwa ubukhulu yomzimba kokubili ezicitshwayo liseduze kakhulu: 70 no 72 mm, ngokulandelana. Bobabili labo abazokwazi ishaya okuqondisiwe emachibini kuze kufinyelele 3500 amamitha nge-infrared homing warhead isisindo okungenani zilingana.

Futhi nezinye izici indlela efanayo MANPADS "Stinger" futhi "inaliti '? Qhathanisa imibukiso yabo esondele ukubekwa amathuba, okuyinto waphinda kufakazela ukuthi ezingeni lomunye amaphrojekthi ukuzivikela Soviet kungase kahle bayovuswa eRussia amamodeli engcono angaphandle kwezikhali.