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Inxanxathela "Buk M2": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, izithombe

"Buk M2" kuyinto jikelele anti-aircraft missile eziyinkimbinkimbi, senzelwe ukuvikela amabutho phansi izinto kusukela emoyeni iziteleka, kuhlanganise zizivikele cruise ezicitshwayo. e kokufakwa ohlwini international njengoba 9K317 SAM waziwa. Ngokwe-American ngezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi esiqokiwe SA-17 Grizzly noma simane 'Grizzly-17. "

Umlando sokudalwa

Ekuqaleni olwenziwe polemic ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi 9K37 kuphela, kodwa izinguqulo enamandla abengeziwe ezihlongozwayo onjiniyela lempi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umgomo wayo kwakuwukuba namabhomu ukunqoba izinto kufika ku-24 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Project "Buk M2" (isithombe esiku kungabonakala lesi sihloko), ekuqaleni wanikezwa. Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala ukuthuthukiswa abaklami Russian wakwazi uyifinyelele imiphumela amazing. izindiza Uma invulnerable F-15 steel kalula 9K317 target ngisho at ibanga-40 km. Ibanga ukunqotshwa cruise ezicitshwayo lakhuphuka lafika ku-26 km.

Omunye izinzuzo main of the complex kwaba nesikhathi ukuthunyelwa futhi labadubuli. Lesi sibalo wokuqala kwaba imizuzu 5 kuphela kanye izinga umlilo - 4 imizuzwana oyedwa projectile ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele 1100 m / s. Lesi sakhiwo ngokushesha yokutholwa yiSoviet Union. Noma kunjalo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ukukhiqizwa ububanzi samiswa ngenxa yesimo esinzima sezomnotho ezweni ngemva kokuwa USSR. Ngo-2008, SAM bajoyine Russian emoyeni ukuzivikela.

izici ukuthuthukiswa

Inxanxathela "Buk M2" iyashesha zeselula SAM enemisebenzi nge ububanzi isilinganiso izilonda. It yakhelwe ukubhubhisa izindawo ngamasu kanye ukulwa izindiza (ezindizeni, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, imicibisholo nezinye nezinsiza sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza). 9K317 uyakwazi sidudule isitha, ngisho okuqhubekayo umlilo kuhlasela.

Umthuthukisi eyinhloko umshini ukushaqeka iyinhlangano umklami owaziwa E. Research Institute wensimbi Pigin. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, SAM lithole ukuqaliswa ezimele yephrojekthi. ukuthuthukiswa Ngasekuqaleni of the complex yayihloselwe kancane esikhundleni engafanele ukusetshenziswa mobile izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela "cube". Umehluko eliyisisekelo kusukela "Buk M1" kwaba ukwethulwa ezintsha jikelele BC 9M317 ezicitshwayo.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, M2 imodeli wasala engasenabo ukuguqulwa. Kwaba ngcono kuphela ngo-2008, lesi sakhiwo usebhekene. Kancane kancane waqala ukuvela ukuthekelisa ukuhlukahluka ngohlamvu "E" ekupheleni nokuqoshwa.

Ukusebenza izici

Ubude ukulwa isisindo mshini 35,5 wamathani. Kulokhu, amatilosi kukhawulwe nje 3 abantu. Isakhiwo uphahlwe zempi inhlamvu. Ngokwe TTC "Buk M2" kwasekuqaleni, ezahlukene amandla injini, okwenza 710 hp Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhamba ngesivinini 45 km / h ezindaweni ezimbi. Ezokuthutha part isondo noma isibungu chassis.

Isimanga ngesikhathi "Buk M2" izici imishini ukulwa. SAM nomlilo njengendlela opharetha ukuphathwa, futhi ngokuzimela. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, okuthunyelwe umyalo ambalwa imizuzwana ngokucubungula idatha emoyeni isimo kokubili imigomo 50. Ukuthola kanye ukuhlonza ekhiqizwa iziteshi ekhethekile SOC, RPN futhi SDA.

Lapho egcwele ngokugcwele SAM 24 ihlinzeka labadubuli yesikhathi esisodwa lezinto flying emachibini kusuka km 150 m 25. Ibanga hit okuhloswe ngesivinini 830 m / s-40 km 300 m / s - km 50. ezicitshwayo Ballistic futhi uhambe kalula kube neutralized at ibanga 20 000 m.

Omunye izinzuzo eyinkimbinkimbi kuyinto ukunemba ukushaqeka. Okungenzeka kokunqotshwa zezindiza of 95%, rocket - 80% ukukhanya ezinophephela emhlane - 40%. SAM waphawula futhi ukubuyisa isikhathi - 10 amasekhondi nje. Kusukela izindlela ukuzivikela ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa aerosol amakhethini, laser izinzwa kanye izikrini ngemisebe.

Ukuxhumana phakathi iziteshi SAM kuhlinzekwe yinkampani imigqa emibili-wire noma isignali yomsakazo.

Izici bahlanganyele Okuqondiwe

SAM "Buk M2" onekhono zokuyithena izinto izindiza nobutha ezihambayo ngesivinini esingafinyelela ku-830 m / s. Nokho, ngokusho kongoti, inkomba engcono yokulimala maningi amathuba kuyinto 420 m / s. Ngokuqondene ubuncane isivinini umbundu, ke kuyehluka ngaphakathi 48-50 m / s. Imodeli ethuthukisiwe eyinkimbinkimbi 2008 ukukhululwa ihlanganiswe umgqomo kit, enamandla okubhubhisa ezicitshwayo ballistic endiza ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele 1200 m / s.

Kuvele isici esibalulekile kuyinto ukuhlonza ngokuhlasela isitha. Ngakho "Buk M2" Kungenzeka ukuchaza lembhali ndawo ubuso izindiza ezivela Q2. m, rocket -. 0.05 sq. m.

Phakathi iqhinga bakwazi ukuhlasela SAM sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza amayunithi 10.

Combat & Tactical izindlela

I database okuphelele ingenye 3S510 okuthunyelwe umyalo, ecacisa esiteshini futhi target yokufuna nokuqoshwa 9S18M1-3, kusukela 4 kuya 6 olwesimanje radar isiqondiso nokuthi kuwe kutholakele ukukhanyiselwa 9S36, kuze 6 self ezinezinjini sigubhu kits 9A317, 6 noma 12 ukuqala ukushaja izinhlelo 9A316. ukunakekela okukhethekile ukhishwa antiaircraft waqondisa missile 9M317 chungechunge.

I "Buk M2" inikeza kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa eshaywayo izigaba esekelwe SDA, ROM kanye Tjhugulula empompini. Zinikeza umlilo ibhaluni 4 ngesikhathi ibambene impumuzo izinto ezifika kwezi-20 m ebandleni base bese bebuyisela enjalo SAM 2 esigabeni kuya inguqulo ethuthukisiwe -. 4.

Shintsha indawo yasekhaya kudinga imizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-20. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngalinye izingxenye ukulungela kuhluka imizuzu 5 kuya ku-15.

firepower

9M317 missile yisona sikhali esesabekayo kakhulu SAM "Buk M2". A ezicitshwayo elimazayo kuyinto km 50. Kulokhu, lo missile kuyinto enamandla okubhubhisa ilitshe, phezulu emoyeni endaweni engamamitha 25 km. Ukufakwa kuhlanganiswe inertial elawula uhlelo nge-semi asebenzayo radar homing okufushane 9E420. Missile ngokwayo inobungako 715 kg. Ijubane indiza ka 1230 m / s. namaphiko ifinyelela 0,86 m. Explosion ihlanganisa engaba 17 m.

Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa ukufakwa kanye isibungu 9A317. It ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukuthola, ukukhomba futhi kuqashwe emoyeni ngenjongo. Ngemva ukuhlaziywa uhlobo izindiza 9A317 yenza isinqumo ukunqotshwa imisebenzi futhi kwenza kwethulwa missile. Phakathi indiza, ukufakwa inikeza hhayi kuphela ukudluliselwa warhead amaqembu, kodwa futhi ucubungula imiphumela zangaphambi kuhlasela. Fire kungaba kwenziwe autonomously emkhakheni onikiwe noma njengengxenye SAM emva ecacisa target kusuka kokuthunyelwe umyalo.

Onengqondo 9A317 radar iziteshi ikhishiwe afanayo antenna, ne-electron ugongolo ukuskena. Kungaba ukubona okuhloswe at ibanga km 20 angle iqhinga kuze kube degrees 70. Ngasikhathi sinye, esiteshini 10 uyakwazi ukuskena izinto. Ukuqhunyiswa kungenzeka kwenziwa okuhlosiwe 4 eliphakeme kuqala. Futhi hlela ifakwe uhlelo optical, futhi uxhaxha izinhlelo zethelevishini ngokungenanjongo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuqapha wezasemoyeni ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu bese-Radio Frequency Interference. Onengqondo ukala 35 wamathani. Ngo ukulwa imishini - 4 ezicitshwayo.

Oku-amashaja 9A316 uhlelo kusekelwe chassis zilandelwa. Phakathi ezokuthutha it is towed ku trailer ezinamasondo. isisindo salo amathani 38. Iphakethe kuhlanganisa 8 missile iziqhumane. Uhlelo ifakwe idivayisi semi-automatic.

ukuphathwa kanye nokuqapha ithuluzi

SAM siyinhloko ku 9S510 umyalo okuthunyelwe nokuqoshwa. Kusekelwe a zilandelwa chassis uchungechunge GM597. Ezokuthutha olude eyenziwa ugandaganda KrAZ ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa trailer. KP ukhonza 60 izindawo amayunithi. Max uphenyo ngenhloso - ukuze 36. Ukwakheka nto 6 sifaka incenye control, ukubuyisa isikhathi lapho kuyahlukahluka ngaphakathi 2 imizuzwana. 9S510 isisindo amathani 30 lapho egcwele ngokugcwele. Amatilosi siqukethe 6 abantu.

Radar 9S36 izici ephakama ukuphakama 22 m-antenna inhlangano enikeza indawo kanye ukuhlonza izinjongo ngisho endaweni ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe. RLS kusekelwe isithwebuli electronic nge afanayo ikhishiwe. Isiteshi iyiswe abakhasi. Ukuthola bamatshe zingaba kuze kube km 120. Kuyaphawuleka engaba ukwesekwa - kuze kufinyelele km 35. kokulandela esisodwa lezinto 10 ngesikhathi isivinini somoya 32 m / s. Crew umthamo - kuze kufinyelele abantu 4.

9S18M1-3 radar kuyinto 3-Ukudidiyela ishayela-anokuhambisana iyunithi Ukubuyekeza isentimitha ububanzi. It kusekelwe-ugongolo isithwebuli electronic thwi. Radar yakhelwe ukutadisha wezasemoyeni. Idatha etholwe adluliswa ngokushesha emushweni umyalo telecode indawo ukucutshungulwa okwalandela. Enothi nge waveguide ikhishiwe afanayo. Azimuth ukuthola izinhloso - 360 buqamama 160 km. Ukufakwa kusekelwe chassis zilandelwa. Isisindo - angu-30.

Isicelo kanye Amathuba

Modern 9K317 ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza iziteleka okukhulu ku ngesivinini sezikhali unmanned kusuka tinkhombandlela eziningana. izimpendulo Inxanxathela ezifana nenqubo ebalulekile ezifana ukuhamba, yizinhlobonhlobo, ukusebenza umlilo, ukusabela okusheshayo, ukwehlukahlukana zokuhlasela, ukuthola ezizimele kanye isimiso sokuzivikela.

Ngokuvamile, SAM okokuvikela amasayithi kubaluleke ngokukhethekile nezindawo indawo amabutho. 9K317 uyakwazi ukuxazulula anhlobonhlobo imisebenzi. Lokhu kwenza kube esisemqoka kutsi kwehlwaywe noma ukuhlasela izitha emoyeni ngisho emachibini aphansi ngendlela engavamile.

Umsebenzi SAM kulindeleke ukuthi libambe Okuqondiwe isitha buqamama esiphezulu nezinto ezivikelwe, kugwemeke ukuphazamiseka, ukuhlaziywa ingozi, ukwakhiwa algorithm yokumelwa kungenzeka, njll

Qhathanisa ngcono

Inguqulo ka "Buk M1" wafakwa isevisi ngo-1982. SAM kungenzeka adubule phansi izindiza nabantu abafika ku-60%, i-cruise ezicitshwayo ALCM - 40%, ezinophephela emhlane - kuze kufinyelele 30%. Ngokushesha ithuba nokunciphisa sezikhali ballistic. Ngokuhamba uphothula 9M317 ukufakwa ke yethulwa ngo-1993. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, M1 izimoto wahlala ezingafinyeleleki isikhala lempi ngamazwe.

Inguqulo entsha SAM "Buk M3" makufakwe isevisi kuze kube ekwindla ka 2015. Ngemva impumelelo imodeli M2 enkundleni ngamazwe, uhulumeni waseRussia usunike esiyindilinga isamba ngokuba ukuqaliswa iphrojekthi ngcono. Kulindeleke ukuthi "Buk M3" ukuze bakwazi ukuhlasela Okuqondiwe 36 inabasebenzi ngesivinini 3000 m / s. ukuthola uhla kuzohluka km kufika ku-70. Le miphumela kuyoba Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ukufakwa ekuqaleni olusha 9M317M nethuthukisiwe gos.

kwamanye amazwe Inkinga

On the izingalo Russian imayelana 300 M2 SAM imodeli. Iningi lazo zisekelwe ngemapholigoni "alkynyl" futhi "Kapustin Yar".

Inani elikhulu ukuthekelisa "Buk M2E" ungaphakathi ilungiselelo Syria. Ngo-2011, lendawo ibutho 19 izakhiwo zalotshwa ezivela eRussia.

EVenezuela, esele 2 SAM. izakhiwo Bangaki e-Azerbaijan, Ukraine nase-Iraq alwaziwa.

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