Izakhiwo ze-Air

Izakhiwo zomoya yizinga lokushisa kwalo, ingcindezi yomoya, umswakama, ukuhamba, imisebe yelanga, isimo segesi kagesi. Zonke lezi zici zithinta umzimba womuntu.

Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto ezibonakalayo sinquma isimo sezulu. Lezi yizinto eziyisisekelo zomoya, njengezindinganiso zokushisa kwazo, umswakama ohambisanayo nokuhamba, okuthinta umthethonqubo wokushintshwa kokushisa komuntu.

Ukushisa

Izakhiwo zomoya zomoya zithathwa ukushisa kwayo. Lesi sici sibonisa isimo esishisayo somzimba womuntu kanye nemvelo, isb. Ukushintshana okushisa, okuqukethe ukukhiqizwa kokushisa nokudluliswa kokushisa.

Ukukhiqiza ukushisa kungumphumela wokukhipha isisindo sokudla nokukhululwa kokushisa ngezimpande zomzimba, ukushisa kwelanga, izinto ezifudumele, ukudla okushisayo nomoya ofudumele.

Ukudlulisa ukushisa kubangelwa ngenxa yokuqhuba noma ukudlulisa, imisebe noma imisebe, ukuphuma kwamanzi.

Lapho ukuchayeka emzimbeni emazingeni aphezulu okushisa, ukugoma kwengculazi kunciphisa futhi ukunyuka okuvamile kukhula. Ngokomthetho wemisebe yokushisa (uStefan-Boltzmann, iKirchhoff, iwayini), ukushisa kwemisebe yezinto ezifudumele kwenzeka ngokwengeziwe kunokuba izinga lokushisa likhuphuke, futhi i-radiation spectrum iyashintsha emagagasi amifushane, okufaka umphumela ojulile wokungena emzimbeni.

Ukushisa okuphansi kwemoya kubangela ukukhuphuka kokushisa okushisa ngenxa yemisebe kanye ne-convection, okuholela ekupholiseni komzimba ngenxa yokuntuleka kokushisa. Kukhona ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa ubuhlungu obunzima bomzimba, ukwehluleka komsebenzi we-muscular, ubuthakathaka bomzimba nokuguga kubonakala.

Umswakama

Izakhiwo zomoya zibhekene nomswakama wayo, okunqunywe yizinto ezithinta umphuzi wamanzi emoyeni.

Umswakama omnene womoya kungokuqukethwe kwamamitha ayi-cubic 1. Imitha yamanzi evuthayo amagremu. Imikhuba ye-hygienic ivame ukucabangela umswakama ohambelana nomoya.

Umswakama womoya ohambisanayo yizinga le-saturation yalo ngamanzi omswakama (%). Lesi silinganiso somswakama ophelele kunani lomswakama ogcwala umoya. Ukuntuleka kwe-saturation kungukumahluko phakathi kokuphakama okuphezulu nokuphelele.

Ukuhamba emoyeni

Ukuhamba kwemoya kufana nesivinini sokuhamba kwayo. Inqunywa inani lamamitha ukuthi umoya udlula okwesibili. Njengoba ukuhamba kwemoya okulinganisela nokushisa okuphezulu, ukupholisa isikhumba kwenzeka, futhi ngokuhamba okuphezulu kwemoya nokushisa okuphansi, i-supercooling ivela. I-Frosty, isimo sezulu esithulile kulula ukubekezelela kunokuba ngomoya oqinile.

Ijubane elihle kunazo zonke yijubane le- air mass, elilingana no-1-5 m / sec, futhi esakhiweni - 0.1-0.3 m ngomzuzwana.

Ukucindezela kwezulu

Izakhiwo zomoya zithinta ingcindezi yomkhathi, i.e. Ukucindezela kwalo phezu komhlaba. Okuphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba, kwehla ukucindezela nokuqina komoya.

Ukunyuka okuphawulekayo nokunciphisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini kuyathinta umzimba womuntu.

Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ye-atmospheric kubangelwa i-hypoxia (oksijithali yindlala), lapho ubuchopho bubucayi khona, ngoba buchitha oksijini ngaphezu kwamanye amangqamuzana izikhathi ezingu-30.

Ionization of air

Lona ukubola kwama-molecule nama-athomu kagesi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-ionizers, isb. Imisebe yomsakazo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet nokukhanya kwelanga, imisebe ye-cosmic, izindawo zokushisa, ukufuthola amanzi, njll.

Emkhathini, izinqubo zokubhujiswa kwe-ion kanye nokubunjwa kwe-ion zenzeka ngokuqhubekayo, ngenxa yalokho, isisombululo esithile se-ionization sisungulwa.

Emoyeni ehlanzekile iqukethe i-ions elula, engcolisiwe - enzima. Emithonjeni nasemanzini omfula okuqukethwe kwe-ions ezikhanyayo kufinyelela ku-40 000 kumamitha ayi-cubic 1. I-Cm yomoya, emizaneni - izinkulungwane ezingu-2-3, emadolobheni leli nani liyancipha libe yizinkulungwane ezingu-4 kumamitha ayi-cubic 1. Bheka

Umbuso we-ionization unqunywa ngokulingana kokungcola, okungukuthi. Ukulinganisa kwenani lezinyosi ezinzima kuya kwinani le-ion elikhanyayo kanye ne-coefficient yokungafihli.

Izakhiwo ze-Air zinquma insimu kagesi yomhlaba, umsakazo womoya kanye nensimu yamagnetic.