Izithobe ze-endocrine zomzimba womuntu: izici ze-anatomophysiological kanye nokubaluleka kokusebenza

Ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi exhasa umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba womuntu kutholakala ngezindlela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Eyokuqala iyindlela yokulawulwa kwamahlaya, okuyinto engaphambili, uma sihlola izici ezisebenza kahle nezakhi zomzimba womuntu kusukela ekubukeni kokuthuthukiswa kwe-phylogenetic. Indlela yesibili iguquguquka kakhulu futhi isabela ngokushesha kakhulu ekushintsheni esimweni somzimba. Lona ngumthetho wezinzwa, okuyisisekelo esinciphisa ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukucabanga kwe-visceral and peripheral, kuyilapho umphumela we-humoral factor ukusebenzisana kwamamolekhamli womlamuleli one-receptor complexes yamaseli ezinhlotsheni ezihlosiwe. Kulesi simo, isibonakaliso siyasakazwa nge-molecule yezinto eziphilayo, ngoba i-endocrine isithombeni lapho ikhona khona. Bazama izinto ezikwazi ukusabalalisa ngokugeleza kwegazi ibanga elithile ukusuka kulesi gland futhi zibe nomthelela ezithombeni ezilawulwayo.

Izithobezi ze-endocrine: isakhiwo somthetho wokulawulwa kwama-humoral

Isibopho sokusebenza kahle kwazo zonke izinhlelo zesintu nezitho zithwalwa ubuchopho, okuyindawo ephakeme kakhulu yokuhlaziywa kolwazi olungenayo kanye nesayithi lokuhlanganiswa kwamasignali athunyelwe ekubhekeleni amaseli ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezimbili ezibalulwe ngenhla. Futhi uma ithonya lezinzwa likwazi ukuxhumana okuningi ngezicubu ezikhethekile, khona-ke ama-humoral ayaqaphela apomorphically ngenxa yokuthuthwa kwama-molecule ephilayo angakwazi ukwenza i-receptor complexes kuma-cell of the target target. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigulane ze-endocrine zihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile futhi lokhu kuhluke ngokuyisisekelo ezigodini ze-exocrine. Okokuqala, i-exocrine gland ifihla imvukuzane yayo ngaphandle, okungukuthi, endaweni yangaphandle. Lokhu kudinga ukuba khona kwamadaysi akhethekile, okuyizinhlayiya ze-endocrine ezingenayo, amangqamuzana e-secretory avela ama-hormone ngqo egazini.

Kubalulekile ukuthi isikhungo esiphakeme kakhulu somthethonqubo wezinhlamba usubuchopho, okungukuthi e-hypothalamus. Izicubu zalo ezinama- neural zomsuka we- neural zenza ama-statins, agxilise ukuhlanganiswa kwama- hormone we- pituitary, nama-liberin, okuyinto ngokuphambene nawo aqondisa imisebenzi yawo. Ngalesi sithonya esiqondisayo, imisebenzi yonke isimiso sezingqungquthela ze- endocrine zemvelo zilawulwa. Kulesi simo, esinye isikhungo somthethonqubo we-hormonal wemisebenzi yi-pituitary - isakhiwo esingaba ngu-20 izikhathi ezincane kune-hypothalamus, kodwa ukwenza imisebenzi edingekayo kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le gland encane yenza ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali aphezulu kakhulu okuthiwa ama-hormone, kanti isakhiwo esiphezulu sikhiqiza ama-statins kuphela kanye nama-liberin, alula kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, ngoba angama-dipeptides.

Ama-gland ase-endocrine asele aphansi nje kokulawulwa kwegciwane le-pituitary futhi umjikelezo wabo wokufihla kuncike emsebenzini wokuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone ashisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neurohypophysis ihlanganisa futhi i-ADH, elawula ukubuyiswa kabusha kwama-molecule emanzini ku-tubes yokuqoqa ama-nephrons ezinso, kanye ne-oxytocin, enesizathu sokunciphisa isisu se-uterine ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokuvinjelwa ubisi ngamagundane amancane. I-Adenohypophysis, noma i-lobe yangaphakathi ye-gland, ilawula izinqubo zokukhula zomzimba, umjikelezo wokuvimbela ama-hormone wegciwane , i-decarboxylation e-adrenal medulla, i-synthesis of hormone ye- steroid e-cortex ye-adrenals.

I-Pancreas ne-gonads yizitho ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu. Esikhathini salo kanye nemisebenzi yilezi zinhlayiya ezinezinhlobo ezixubene zokufihla, okungukuthi, zinezindawo zomzimba, ezinye zazo zinendlela yokugcina imithi ye-endocrine, kanti eyesibili - i-exocrine. Ngakho izigulane zobulili zivikela ama- germ cells emvelweni, kodwa ama-hormone angena ngqo egazini. Kulo msebenzi we-endocrine we-pancreas kunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glucagon, i-insulin kanye ne-somatostatin, i-exocrine yi-synthesis yama-peptidases nama-amylases wokugaya ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum engu-12. Ngakho-ke ama- pancreas, njengama-gonads, yi-exocrine ne-endocrine gland kanyekanye.