Izici zokusiza kanye namaminerali ase-Uzbekistan

I-Uzbekistan iyizwe elinamandla amakhulu nemvelo. Amagama angamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye okusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali akhishwa lapha. Lesi sihloko sizobhekana nezici zokusiza, amaminerali ase-Uzbekistan kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo emnothweni wezwe.

Uphi u-Uzbekistan?

I-Uzbekistan ingenye yama-republic aseSoviet, eyathola ukuzimela ngo-1991. Namuhla kuyisimo esizimele e-Asia Ephakathi, ekuphambeni kwe-Amu Darya neSyr Darya. Ukucushwa kwemingcele yalo yanamuhla kunzima kakhulu. Ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga ye-Uzbekistan ilungiselwe amakhilomitha angu-1400, futhi kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu - cishe 900 km. Ngendawo (amakhilomitha angu-447.4 square), i-republic ifaniswa nezwe elinjalo laseYurophu njengeSweden.

I-Uzbekistan ayinayo indawo eya e-World Ocean nemingcele emazweni amahlanu. Lokhu yiKazakhstan, iTurkmenistan, Afghanistan, iTajikistan neKyrgyzstan. I-Kazakhstan, i-Uzbekistan ihlukanisa indawo yamanzi i- Aral Sea-Lake, ebizwa ngokuthi yiyona yangaphambili. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, indawo yelondolozi yaqala ukwehla ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi ase-Amudarya noSy Darya kwezolimo.

Isimo sezulu sezwe siphumelelekazikazikazi futhi somile. Ingxenye yawo engu-70% ihlala ngamahlane. Ukuphila e-Uzbekistan kugxilwe eduze kwemizi emikhulu, ebuye ifike eFerghana Valley, kanye neziteshi zemifula emikhulu yezwe - i-Amu Darya neSyr Darya.

Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngokukhululeka kanye namaminerali ase-Uzbekistan. Ingabe kukhona intaba kuleli zwe? Futhi yini ekhishwe ekujuleni kwayo?

Izici zokusizwa kwe-Uzbekistan

Isimo se-Uzbekistan sihlanganisa zombili izigwamandla, nezintaba, nezindawo zasendle. Ngokuphathelene nokukhululeka, insimu yaleli zwe ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: intaba esempumalanga naseningizimu entshonalanga. Lesi sici sibonakala ngokucacile emephini engokwenyama ngezansi.

Etshonalanga, u-Uzbekistan ukhuthaza i-Ustyurt plateau. Izifunda ezisenyakatho nephakathi nendawo zezwe zithatha isifundazwe saseTuran nenkangala yaseKyzylkum. Kuphela empumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Uzbekistan umuntu angabona ukuphakama nezintaba zezintaba: i-Hissar, i-Kuramin, i-Turkestan, i-Ugam, i-Nuratau nabanye.

Kukhona izigodi phakathi kwezintaba ze-Uzbekistan. Omunye wabo ubizwa ngokuthi uFergana, usekude kakhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe futhi uhlanganisa amakhilomitha angaba ngu-300 ubude. Ezingxenyeni ezintathu isigodi sizungezwe izintaba.

Insizakalo ye-Uzbekistan ibhekwa ukuphakama okuphakeme ngokwanele. Ukuqhuma komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba kuvame ukufika amaphuzu angu-7-9 esikalini se-Richter. Enye yezokuzamazama komhlaba okugcina nokubhubhisa kuleli zwe kwenzeka ngo-1966.

Ukuphakama kwe-Hazret-Sultan e-Uzbekistan

Engxenyeni yamazwe amabili ase-Central Asia (Uzbekistan naseTajikistan) ububanzi beGissar. Iphuzu layo eliphakeme kakhulu yi-Khazret-Sultan (ngamamitha angu-4643). Intaba efanayo iyinhloko ephakeme kunazo zonke ze-Uzbekistan.

Ngaphambilini, ezikhathini zaseSoviet, leli phuzu laliphethe igama elingavamile - igama le-XXII Party Congress ye-CPSU. Ngesikhathi sokuzimela kuka-Uzbekistan, isihloko saso sabizwa kabusha ngenhlonipho yombongi odumile we-Middle Ages Khoja Ahmed Yasavi. U-Hazret-Sultan ungenye yezitalazo zakhe.

I-Mount Hazret-Sultan ayikho ephakeme kakhulu (njengokuthi, isibonelo, i-Elbrus noma i-Everest), kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukufinyelela. Ukuphakama kokuqala kuya phezulu kwaqalwa ngo-1964, kodwa akukho mqulu noma izithombe zalokhu kunqoba ezigcinwe. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukuzama ukuya kule ntaba akuzange kuphele njalo ngempumelelo. Kusuka ensimini ye-Uzbekistan, konke okuphuma kuya enqenqemeni kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke le ngqungquthela ivame ukushaywa yizwe eliseduze - iTajikistan.

Amaminerali ase-Uzbekistan: ngokufushane mayelana nezinqolobane ezijwayelekile

I-Uzbekistan ihlanganisa iminyaka engu-11 emhlabeni jikelele ngokukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye ne-7 emayini yegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emathunjini alo mazwe anezingu-4% zezindawo zokugcina i-uranium.

Imithombo yamaminerali kahulumeni ihlukene kakhulu. Amaminerali ase-Uzbekistan angaphezu kwamagama angu-100 namasheya angaba ngu-2700 ahlukene. Izinto zokwakha zasendlini zisebenza ngamandla kagesi wendawo, amnyama, futhi angenawo ama-ferrous metallurgy.

Ngokuvamile, amaminerali ayishumi amakhulu e-Uzbekistan kanje:

• Amafutha;
• Igesi yemvelo;
• Amalahle aqinile;
• I-uranium;
• Igolide;
• I-Copper;
• Isiliva;
• I-Tungsten;
• I-Antimony;
• I-potassium usawoti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eduze kwaseSamarkand sekuyisikhathi eside kukhishwe izinto zokwakha zekhwalithi: imabula, i-limestone ne-gypsum. Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kwamaminerali e-Uzbekistan kubonakala kuphela endaweni eyodwa - iKorezm. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inani eliphelele lokugcinwa kwezinqolobane zemithombo yamaminerali yezwe (ngemigomo yemali) cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezintathu zamaRandi.

Amaminerali e-Fuel-Energy e-Uzbekistan: amafutha, igesi namalahle

Izimali eziphelele zegesi yemvelo (geological) emathunjini ase-Uzbekistan zingaphezu kwama-5 trillion cubic metres, amafutha - amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwezomnotho, amasimu amafutha kuleli zwe aseduzane. Igesi yemvelo lihlala isikhathi esifushane - cishe iminyaka engama-30-40 (ngenkathi igcina izinga lokusetshenziswa kwalesi sithombo).

Imithombo enkulu yamafutha negesi yemvelo e-Uzbekistan igxilile emathafeni lapho kunesembozo esinamandla samadwala ase-sedimentary. I-gesi enkulu kunawo wonke kuleli lizwe: Uchkur, Zevardi, Gazli. I-gas gas ithunyelwa futhi isetshenziselwa izitshalo eziningana ezweni. Kusukela kulo, ikakhulukazi, bathola izinto eziwusizo ezibalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaminerali amaminerali.

Phakathi kwamaminerali aqinile ase-Uzbekistan, amalahle abaluleke kakhulu. Izindleko zayo eziyinhloko zivalelwe ezifundeni zezintaba zezwe. Cishe wonke amalahle avela emathunjini ase-Uzbekistan, asetshenziselwa izidingo zomboni wendawo kagesi.

Ukwenziwa kwegolide ne-uranium e-Uzbekistan

Ngokwezizinda zegolide, u-Uzbekistan usezindaweni ezine ezihloniphekile emhlabeni. Ngonyaka ngamunye cishe amathani angama-90 ale nsimbi ayigugu ayahlungwa lapha. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlamvu ezingu-41 zegolide e-Uzbekistan. Abayisishiyagalolunye kubo bazimayini. Ingxenye yengonyama ekwenzeni igolide le-Uzbek inikezwa i-Navoi Combine (NMMC). Isakhiwo saso sihlanganisa isitezi esisodwa sezimayini kanye nezitshalo ezinhlanu ze-metallurgical emizini ehlukene yezwe.

Ngokusho kwemithombo yezimayini kanye ne-gold mining kanye ne- uranium ore, i- Uzbekistan inesinye sezikhundla ezihola phakathi kwamazwe ase-Asia. Okwamanje, kutholakale ama-uranium angu-40 e-republic. Awekho izitshalo zamandla enyukliya ensimini ye-Uzbekistan. Ngakho-ke, yonke ingxube ye-uranium ekhishwe lapha ithunyelwa ngaphandle.