Ubani wathola Australia?

Ezweni namanje impikiswano ifikile mayelana eyathola Australia. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lena Dzheyms Awe-Kuk, itilosi ezivela eNgilandi. Abanye bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukuthi bangabavumbululi nezwekazi kwakungamadodana Danes, ukuthola indlela amakoloni zabo Java.

Ngokuvamile, abantu bokuqala abafika lapha eside ngaphambi baseYurophu. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-ngamashumi amane amawaka edlule, leli zwekazi wakhethwa abantu abavela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Asia. Okumangazayo avstralius Terra Incognita (angaziwa ezweni eningizimu) - ngaye namanje wayeyazi zokuma kwendawo lasendulo. Kakade ngekhulu nanhlanu ku amakhadi bona etshengiswa nezwekazi engaqondakali. Nokho, zezinkulumo kubo kule ndawo zwe elikhulu akuhlanganisi Australia yangempela.

Umbango mayelana eyathola Australia, woza isiPutukezi, osho ukuthi ulwazi izwekazi entsha, amatilosi isiPutukezi kwabuyela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha ngu iziqhingi Aboriginal Malay ukuthi ubanjwe ulwandle ukhukhamba emanzini asogwini zaleli zwekazi engaziwa. Kodwa emlenzeni wokuqala we-European owalubhada inhlabathi yase-Australia kuphela ekhulwini lesikhombisa.

Umlando kokutholakala Australia uye kudala zihlotshaniswa igama Cook, kodwa namanje ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala eYurophu, wavakashela nezwekazi oluhlaza (kaningi ngokuthi Australia), ngokuvumelana Dutch. Shono ingxenye esentshonalanga yalesi izwekazi emangalisayo kamuva waziwa ngokuthi New Holland.

Ngo 1605 Willem Janszoon kusuka Holland, ngubani awela ngisho zaseTorres Strait, ngomkhumbi kanye eCape Peninsula York. Ngemva konyaka ukuthi Torres waseSpain wathola strait ehlukanisa isiqhingi New Guinea kusukela kuleli zwekazi. Ngo 1642, Dane Abela Tasman wavakashela ingxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga Tasmania, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka ingxenye Australia. Futhi Yanszon futhi Tasman wahlangana ezwekazini nge abantu bendawo.

Futhi i-Dutch, futhi iSpanishi, kanye Danes anikhalanga mayelana kokutholakala izwekazi entsha. Kungenxa ekusithekeni amaphayona umbuzo eyathola Australia, futhi manje inselele British, owafika kuleli zwe eminyakeni engu-150 ngemva abaMhlophe bokuqala.

Ngo-1770, ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia wasondela imikhumbi uJames Cook, lawo ngokushesha wamemezela umhlaba omusha ezibonakalayo British. Ngokushesha lapho wadala bobukhosi 'yokujezisa "zokuphothula ukuqeqeshwa kwezigebengu, futhi kamuva iBrithani bedingisiwe zezombusazwe.

Ngo-1788, i-British, owafika ne "Iqembu lokuqala" phezu kwezwe lase-Australia based edolobha iSydney, kamuva yaba ikoloni isikhungo British. Nge "Fleet yesibili" kufika lezifiki zokuqala khulula ngubani baqala ngamandla ukuthuthukisa izikhala green zaleli zwekazi.

Mainland, ekuqaleni wazala igama "New Holland", ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ngesandla ningukukhanya hydrographer IsiZulu Flinders yase yaziwa ngokuthi "i-Australia". AboMdabu base-Australia ngaleso sikhathi zabulawa ngesihluku ngizoqothulwa by abanikazi bamakoloni. On abantu bomdabu zahlasela, abazingeli, abomdabu ezingelwa ushevu ebulawelwa premium ikhokhwe. Phakathi ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu ukubukeka ezwekazini British iningi labantu bendawo yaphela nya, nabaseleyo babanjwa ukuba ezimaphakathi kuleli zwekazi, eyihlane bese ezingaphili.

Esanda kutholakala yabe seyaziwa amaqiniso amasha. Ngakho, ngisho nangaphambi uJames Cook kule nezwekazi eliseningizimu wavakashela omunye umuntu waseBrithani - Uilyam damper. Futhi 1432 Australia wavakashela itilosi Chinese Zeng Xe.

Nokho akakho imibuso yezwe yesimanje asikwazi kuthathwe njengoba izwe elivulekele izwe nezwekazi oluhlaza. Eyokuqala, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba abantu baseYurophu, ke wavakashelwa nabaseGibhithe lasendulo. Zazisetshenziswa zamafutha mummification ka zikagamthilini - umuthi lakhula kuphela enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Futhi emadwaleni yaleli zwekazi ungathola lasendulo scarabs izithombe - ibhungane engcwele Ancient Egypt.

Ngakho, umbuzo eyathola Australia - lena evusa impikiswano kakhulu ukuthi sisalwa mlando.