Izikhali Thermobaric. Umshini ibhomu. izikhali Modern Russian

Ukudala isikhali okunye, engaqhathaniswa amandla ayo nge amabhomu enuzi, liphakathi izindawo ethembisayo yeminyango ukuzivikela lamazwe eziphambili. izingozi Ephakeme Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo bayaphoqeleka ukubheka ngoba ezinye izimiso ukunqotshwa, ethwele nalo nomphumela omkhulu esibhubhisayo. Umqondo izikhali thermobaric kanye cleaner ukuhlangabezana nalezi nemingcele, ngoba akuhileli ukudalwa njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye. Uhlolo lokuqala, ngisho ukusebenzisa amabhomu volumetric kakade eyenzeke phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi namuhla isebenza ngcono kubo. Onjiniyela Russian eminyakeni yamuva inqubekela phambili kakhudlwana kulesi siqondiso, ukuvumela ukudala i izikhali ngempumelelo thermobaric, hhayi eliphansi kuya nozakwabo Western.

Isimiso yokuqhuma volumetric

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ibhomu thermobaric, ungakwazi ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe ukwakheka kanye yawo yamakhemikhali ukusabela ezenzeka ngesikhathi kusebenze. Kusobala umphumela isenzo yalesi isikhali ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa "kwabonisa" in the amabhizinisi yasekhaya, lapho iqhume izimboni kanye Izigayo nge izimayini ezimayini zamalahle, ukucutshungulwa ekuthumeleni ushukela ongakahluzwa, ngisho lokubaza abavamile. Ngokuvamile, lobu buciko kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu kungenziwa emelelwa njengoba ukuthungela of zanqwabelana uthuli ezivuthayo, okuyinto uzamcolo isikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuqhuma igesi emakhaya abavamile zingabekwa ilandelana nge izenzakalo ezifanayo - futhi izenzo ibhomu thermobaric. Izikhali zalolu hlobo yakha efwini aerosol, kamuva yakha umthelela ezibulalayo.

Ukwahlukana kusuka zenuzi

Ukubolekisa osezingeni ezakhiwe isenzo cleaner amandla ibhomu ingafaniswa sezikhali zenuzi wezindlela. Nokho, amabhomu thermobaric ngemva kokunqotshwa akazange ashiye insimu ngemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lemiqulu emikhulu ingxube alufakwa okuyinto esetshenziswa cleaner amabhomu, ukuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu ingcindezi negative isigamu-amagagasi. Ngokusho lokhu inkomba zenuzi, okuyinto wahlulwa igxile imiphumela ngemisebe, leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa nozakwabo thermobaric.

Futhi igagasi ukushaqeka ngesikhathi kuqhuma amabhomu ivolumu futhi kukhona ezingeni lelisetulu burnup umoya-mpilo. ukuqhuma okunjalo ngeke ukhiqize cleaner endaweni Ukusabalala - lokhu yikona okubangela isimo sengqondo kuyadida lochwepheshe ukuma kwenqwaba yokuqhuma njengoba cleaner.

Amandla bezikhali cleaner amabhomu

Ngamandla alo cleaner amabhomu akuzona wawungaphansi onobuhle oluseqophelweni ukulungiswa we nezikhali zendabuko uyaca. Sezikhali e izakhiwo ezinjalo bayakwazi ukwakha amagagasi ukushaqeka lapho Inkomba overpressure imayelana 3000 KPA. Uma sikhuluma indlela cleaner ibhomu isimiso sihlukile analogs thermobaric, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukudalwa cishe elingenalo emoyeni ngemuva ukuqhuma imvelo. iconsi okunjalo ingcindezi uyakwazi ukuphula konke uphakathi: izindawo, imishini, amathuluzi, abantu, njll ...

ukugcwaliswa alufakwa

I sezikhali elisetshenziswa amabhomu thermobaric, izingxenye okuqinile azisetshenziswa. Bona kwathathelwa indawo izinto gaseous, okunikeza wave shock, okuyinto izikhathi eziningana njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo ukuqhuma ibhomu lenuzi, ifakwe amacala ultra-ongaphakeme. I izinto ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa njengoba ukugcwaliswa fuel:

• zama-gas oluvuthayo;
• imikhiqizo kaphethiloli umusi hydrocarbon ezisekelwe;
• nezinye izinto okwazi amandla omlilo, ziyacolwa esimweni uthuli olucolekile nje.

Ukucupha Inkokhelo Kwezinye izimo iyadingeka futhi emoyeni kuma. Naphezu eziningi eziwusizo phezu amabhomu enuzi, iyisikhali esinamandla ayidingi nabazibophezele ngokulinganayo futhi umzamo ukuthola ukwakheka elilungile.

knock isimiso

Ukuqhuma wadala emva ukugcwaliswa emlilweni gaseous. Ukusetshenziswa izingxenye ngezinye izikhathi esingaphansi adingekayo ukuqhumisa amabhomu umthamo ofanayo. Lapho icala ifinyelela ukuphakama oyifunayo, ingxube esiphelele olufuthwe. Ngesikhathi yokuthola elikhulu usayizi igesi ifu wenziwa isebenze detonator. Kwabe sekucaca ukuqhuma volumetric, okuholela kanye shock wave. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi sekhendi kusukela ukugeleza komoya lingaphezu komthamo wokuqala - lokhu kwenzeka kakade emva cleaner sesakhiwe.

izici kokunqotshwa

Lethality munition incike Fireball imiswe phakathi neminyaka ukuqhuma. Uma usebenzisa cleaner ezishisayo isikhali nomthelela endaweni evulekile, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngqo ezonini target of ebulalayo (isinyathelo ukusha) buqamama okuyinto kunqunywa kwemigomo Fireball. Kulesi sici, ekuqhumeni ibhomu lenuzi akuyona kahle ngoba ivumela ukusebenza ngaphansi okukhulu ngemva kokusebenza (Yiqiniso, ingasaphathwa umphumela emisebeni). Endaweni lapho amanxeba ngenakugwemeka ofayo kusukela amagagasi ukushaqeka ngokuvamile mkhulu kunezinhliziyo engaba lesion ezishisayo. Noma kunjalo, kungokwemvelo futhi yehlise kahle umthelela force wakhona ukwanda yebanga lokusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona. Encishisiwe ingcindezi futhi kunciphisa ukulimala ebulalayo.

Ukusetshenziswa endaweni evalelekile

Ukusebenza kahle kunabo bonke ibhomu cleaner libonisa izindawo wayiswa. Amandla isenzo shock wave, kulekelelwa kokunqotshwa kwe-Fireball, unganqoba emagumbini bese uya endaweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukusakaza izingcezwana. izembatho zokuzivikela, izithiyo ehlukahlukene ngothango, ingasaphathwa izindonga ingaba yisithiyo amabhomu ezingokwesiko, kuyilapho isikhali thermobaric Bypasses lezi zithiyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla buyaqina lapho kukhona wave kuveza kusukela evele. Enye into ukuthi ukunqotshwa umphumela ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu izici ezihlukahlukene.

Ngakho, ngo-elinganiselwe isikhala ibhomu elilimaza umphumela inyuka ngenxa yokwanda ingcindezi shock wave. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikhali ezinjalo e kokunqotshwa bunkers, nasemihumeni, izinqaba, nezinye izinto avaliwe.

Aviation cleaner ibhomu

Umqondo cleaner sezikhali okwamanje ubonisa imiphumela inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke amabhomu ekilasini. Ngo mishini, ukwakhiwa elandelayo Kusolwa: esifundeni ekhaleni yakhiwa inzwa zobuchwepheshe, esebenza ukuze kusebenze nokuhlukaniswa ingxube ezivuthayo. Inqubo ukwakha ifu alufakwa iqala ngokushesha emuva kokuba isethwe kabusha eyenziwe idivayisi kagesi. ngaleyo ndlela aerosol Kuvulwa engena impahla ukuhamba komoya negesi okuyinto Kuqhuma endaweni okwalandela isikhathi eyayikhethwe kusengaphambili.

onobuhle Russian izikhali thermobaric

Kuze kube manje, arsenal thermobaric amabutho Russian (ngaphandle prototypes ibhomu) kuhlanganisa rocket ilangabi thrower "olukhulu lwenyosi ezakhela yodwana", kutholakale amabhomu TBG-7, isimiso missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Cornet", kanye ezicitshwayo RShG-1.

ukunakekela okukhethekile unikezwa esindayo flamethrower uhlelo "Pinocchio." Kuyinto ithangi lenhlanganisela nokufakwa for beqhuba iziqhumane. Isenzo lisisebenzisa sishaye efanayo isimiso futhi ukuqhuma ingxube ezivuthayo kwakheka inqubo okuyinto futhi igagasi ukushaqeka. Nakuba ukusebenza ukugcwaliswa eziqhumayo lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi akanakuqhathaniswa abanesifiso possessed isikhali thermobaric nabanye umlilo nezinto ezinokuvutha (3000 Versus 9000 m / s), ikhwalithi kanye umphumela ufaneleke ukunqoba le yokusilela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga, flamethrower Uhlelo usebenza nge engaba esikhulu kancane buphela.

Ukugcwalisa "Buratino" yakhiwa metal liquid engasindi (inhlanganisela propyl nitrate kanye magnesium powder). I izinto indiza projectile axutshwa kuze iyunifomu, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi ihlinzeka ingxube emoyeni-gas.

Ngcono kwezikhali zenuzi

Naphezu ukuzinikela omhlaba ngokunanzelela ukuthatha isinyathelo ukulawula futhi anciphisa umthamo Imininingwane zenuzi, ukubaluleka kwalezi zikhali esasebenza.

Indlela yokuthuthuka esizayo ikakhulukazi igxile umthelela kwemizwa, esithinta eziphilayo. Ochwepheshe futhi bahlola kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa gamma-radiation, kungabi nesidingo izinqubo ukuqoqwa. Ngokwesibonelo, nuclei we hafnium kungaba ibhomu elinamandla, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba kuyodingeka usayizi amancane. amandla omkhulu onjalo ezingaba kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi ukuqhuma kuyizinhlayiyana kukhona esimweni okusezingeni eliphezulu - ukuqhathanisa, amandla ukulwa 1 igremu ka hafnium e elikhulu icala isimo okulingana amashumi kg trinitrotoluene.

Umndeni kwezikhali zenuzi yesimanje zihlanganisa kinetic, X-ray kanye microwave laser izinhlelo. Basebenzisa futha zenuzi, uhlehlise izindlela kanye nobungako izilonda.

amakhambi

Ukuthuthukiswa amakhono zenuzi emazweni amaningana, kuhambisana ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ukwandisa isinyathelo kwabo okulimazayo kuphakamisa isidingo izinhlelo ezingcono ukuzivikela. Kule ngxenye yomsebenzi uyakucabangela Imigomo esekelwe phezu kwayo ukudala amabhomu amasha nokubhujiswa imiphumela. Isibonelo, wayebheka ukusetshenziswa neutron ecucuza, gamma imingcele futhi emisebeni kagesi. Uthomile ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha resection yokuqhuma, ukulinganisa kanye nokuqapha emisebeni yangemuva, izindlela ukungaqaliswa nokuvinjelwa ukuchayeka neuronal ka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo asiyeki ukusebenza ekuthuthukiseni izinga sokuphepha collective ngabanye. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kusebenza isivikelo ezikhali zamakhemikhali. Kuye izici ejenti anobuthi ezivezwa izindlela decontamination kanye okwalandela ukwelashwa indawo ukuze silondoloze ukuphepha kwemvelo. Zobuchwepheshe esibulalayo lunikeza inselele ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinkinga enhlanganweni izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha izakhiwo zezimboni ephezulu ukucacisa izikhali. Kule ndaba, ukugcizelela main ivuliwe izinto ukumaska, noma ukunciphisa kungenzeka declassification yabo.

izikhali zanamuhla

Okwamanje, kukhona izindawo ezahlukene ucwaningo empini ukudalwa izindlela ngokuyinhloko entsha ukuze lokulwa. Phakathi kwabo acoustic, kuyizinhlayiyana ugongolo, laser izikhali, kanye nezinye imiqondo amadivayisi zobuchwepheshe ukuthi kungawuthinta umzimba womuntu, breaking ukhonkolo nensimbi izithiyo.

Phakathi kakhulu imiqondo ethembisa kungenziwa kuphawulwe namafutha esibulalayo, okuyisici ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile by izinhlayiya kuyashesha, okuzokwenza ukwandisa kwenkululeko uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Lona omunye wemisebenzi, okuhloswe hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi emkhathini, kodwa futhi emkhathini. Prototypes amadivayisi enjalo ingase ihlolwe sekuniketwa eminyakeni ezayo.

Emkhakheni efanayo ngobuciko izikhali kuthiwa wenziwa nezikhali kagesi. Isenzo sabo Lokhu kuhloswe ngakho izinto ezithile, njengoba umthetho, amandla isitha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo angase futhi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela isikhali ngokumelene umuntu, okubangela imiphumela ebuhlungu.

isiphetho

Namashumi okugcina eminyaka yawo izikhali zenuzi ukubonwa njengezigebengu ezimbi esintwini. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, futhi aqashelwe ngokucophelela kuphela kuhlanganiswe zokunqandwa ngakususi ngisho kungenzeka ezincwadini nenhlekelele yembulunga yonke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo. Kule ndaba, insimbi wangempela amandla isenzo siba isikhali thermobaric olungaqhathaniswa kufaneleke kubhekwe izikhali ezingekho zenuzi ezinamandla kakhulu.

Concept ukuqhuma volumetric uthola ukusetshenziswa ngezikhali ezincane, futhi ngenxa isenzo ngempumelelo e izindawo wayiswa iba isikhonzi olungenakuqhathaniswa imisebenzi ekhethekile, ngokuvumelana nezimiso zazo zakhiwa nezenzo Tactical kulokhu kubulalana zamanje. Yiqiniso, kulentuthuko entsha ayigcini lesi siqondiso - kwemizwa, laser, kagesi kanye ultrasonic prototype izikhali, yebo, eminyakeni ezayo kuzoshintsha ukuqonda izenzo Tactical enkundleni yempi. Russia ngokuya intuthuko lempi zobuchwepheshe akuyona kunabayeni izimbangi Western, esehlanganise zonke isiqondiso eziphambili nokuthuthukisa ezanele entsha isikhathi izindlela ukuvikelwa.