Izilimi Inflected: definition

Umbuzo Ukwahlukaniswa izilimi ngokuqinisekile iyinkimbinkimbi futhi capacious. Kuyini ulimi inflected, futhi lokho abayikho, hlobo luni ulimi kungokwalabo ngolimi Russian, lezi zinkinga ngeke kwenzeke kanjalo nje ezimweni zansuku zonke. ulimi typology kuyaphawuleka ngoba abantu abasebenza emkhakheni wezokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe ngamazwe. Ngamunye isazi umfundi ufundisa ngokuxoxa inhliziyo ke. Abantu abaningi Cishe uzothi lolu lwazi akudingekile futhi akudingekile kubo, kodwa ingabe? Mhlawumbe kuwufanele ukwazi endaweni yolimi unina ohlelweni ngokugcwele ukuze baqonde ulimi lwabo futhi baqonde ukubaluleka esiyingqayizivele zomlando namasiko alabo amagama zingu nsuku zonke.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

izilimi Kwehlukanisa bube khona okwesikhathi ezihlukahlukene ngeengaba. Ngokusho ngezigaba lozalo izilimi zihlukaniswe imikhaya, owabe ku zamaqembu futhi sibe namagatsha. Akwaziwa cishe zonke division zibe nomkhaya ulimi ihlanganisa Indo-European, zaseCaucasia, Sino-Tibetan, yama-Altaic, nezinye izilimi eziningi. Ngesikhathi sayo, umndeni Indo-European is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu, Slavic, zamaJalimane, Romance, nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ngolimi lwesiNgisi kungokwalabo umndeni Indo-European, zamaJalimane, igatsha entshonalanga. isiRashiya kungokwalabo Slavic iqembu izilimi Indo-European. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa lubonisa ulimi yobuhlobo bawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezilimini zihlukaniswe ku ezinye izizathu. Kukhona ngezigaba morphological kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

ngezigaba morphological izilimi.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ngezigaba morphological kanye typological izilimi, ositshela, njengoba leli gama lisikisela uhlobo imfundo ngolimi. Ngokusho lokhu ngezigaba izilimi azinayo izinhlobo ezine: 1) ukuzihlalela, noma amorphous 2) sihlanganisa noma polysynthetic 3) inflectional 4) agglutinative. Isihloko abathintekayo zezilimi okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni. Ngokwesibonelo, philologist German Agasti kanye Friedrich Schlegel ngesikhathi sakhe uze esiphethweni sokuthi izilimi indlela zokwenziwa kohlaziyo lemfundo. Enye philologist abadumile German Wilhelm von Humboldt phelelisa ithiyori, eyilethe kwindlela esinalo namhlanje.

Inflected nezilimi agglutinative njengoba okuphambene.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono izinhlobo zedatha, kufanele zihlolwe esikhathini ukuqhathanisa, ngoba izindawo okuphambene. Ake uqale nge igama elithi "inflected" futhi etymology yayo. Igama livela flectivus Latin «nezimo», okusho isakhiwo nezimo izilimi. Inflected izilimi izilimi bheke okuyinto yakhiwa sinezela phansi izwi inflections ezahlukene amagugu ahlukahlukene kanye eziningi. izwi Agglutinative livela agglutinatio Latin - "Ubuhlobo obuseduze" futhi lisikisela baqhubeka, uhlelo ezinzile.

izilimi agglutinative

izilimi Agglutinative izilimi lapho bheke senzeka ngokungeza morphemes enenani eyodwa kuphela, engakutholanga noma yiziphi izinguquko. izilimi Agglutinative zihlanganisa, isibonelo, Turkic futhi Finno-Ugric. Isibonelo esimangalisayo leli qembu izilimi Japanese, Bashkir noma tartar. Ake sicabangele isibonelo: lwesiTatar elithi "hatlarynda", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ezincwadini zakhe," siqukethe idatha morpheme "maqhugwane" - "incwadi", "gel" - morpheme we plural, "Un" - morpheme wesithathu, "yebo" kusethelwe kunjalo wendawo. Okungukuthi, morpheme ngamunye unencazelo eyodwa kuphela. Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo ulimi Bashkir: igama elithi "bash", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ikhanda" has nominative incazelo, ubunye. Engeza naso morpheme "Lar" - "Lar-bash" futhi manje kusho "ekhanda", okungukuthi, morpheme "Lar" kuyinto ukubaluleka kuphela - ubuningi.

izilimi Inflected ezifana

Manje kabanzi sihlaziye izilimi inflected. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuleli cala, i-morpheme abe namanani eziningi, singabona isibonelo ngolimi lwakhe lwendabuko Russian. Isiphawulo esithi "enhle" kuwukuphela kwaso 'wokuqala', okuyinto usikhombisa wesilisa, ubuningi nominative kanyekanye. Ngakho, i-morpheme olulodwa - amagugu ezintathu. Ukuthatha esinye isibonelo: ibizo elithi "incwadi" ophela "a" has ukubaluleka kunjalo isifazane, buningi nominative. Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi isiRashiya is inflected. Ezinye izibonelo uhlobo inflected kolimi kungaba German noma isiLatini, kanye iningi eyaziwa umndeni Indo-European izilimi, ngokukhethekile, wonke amaqembu ezilimi akhona Slavic. Ukubuyela usosayensi German kwekhulu le-18, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ulimi inflected yena, kungaba indlela zokwenziwa noma ahlaziye lemfundo. indlela Zokwenziwa lisikisela bheke Eqinisweni senzeka ngokungeza morphemes ezahlukene, tijobelelo netijobelelo. Indlela kohlaziyo ingasetshenziswa njengoba amazwi asizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, singasho ngesiRashiya, "ngokubhala", usebenzisa Ngokuzayo-esishubile, okuyinto kuyindlela zokwenziwa of imfundo. Noma ungase uthi, "Mina ngizoba bhala," kokuba esetshenziswa izwi esemthethweni sikhatsi lesitako "ngeke", okuyinto isibonelo indlela kohlaziyo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunomahluko ocacile kule ngezigaba, cha, ngezilimi eziningi sihlanganise tindlela letehlukene kwemagama. Umbuzo othakazelisayo ingabe English namuhla okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu inflected futhi agglutinative?

IsiZulu inflected?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo udinga ukuchitha ukuhlaziya kancane ngesisekelo ulwazi etholakale ngenhla. Thatha IsiZulu isenzo «uyalala», okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "uyalala", lapho ukuphela «s» inenani lomuntu wesithathu samanje elisebunyeni. A morpheme - amagugu ezintathu. IsiZulu Total inflected. Ukuze kuqiniswe imfundiso yokuziphendukela ambalwa izibonelo: sento «babe kwenziwa I "okusho" kwenziwe ", okuyinto ukusebenza elithi" kufanele "isitshela ubuningi inkathi ephelele ngesikhathi esifanayo; «kuyinto ukudla »-« udla "lapho olusemthethweni izwi« is »uzalela Inani elaziwayo inkampani yangaphandle samanje. Ngokuchichima izibonelo amazwi asizayo ngolimi lwesiNgisi sikhulunywa izindlela ogxile kohlaziyo of kwemagama.

Kafushane mayelana nangokuvikela nezilimi polysynthetic

Flexion futhi agglyutigativnye izilimi kukhona rasprostronenie kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa nokho, kunezinhlobo ezimbili. Nangokuvikela, noma amorphous izilimi ngezilimi, kwakhiwa kwemagama esibonakala ngokuba ukungabi oluphelele ushintsho yamagama nezakhiwo morphemes anezele. Ngakho, kakhulu igama lakhe. Ezilimini ezinjalo zihlanganisa, isibonelo, isiShayina. Inkulumo ethi "cha bu ho e" kuyosho "Angazi ukuphuza itiye." Incorporated noma polysynthetic, mhlawumbe, okunzima kakhulu ukufunda nezilimi yalo ehlukahlukene yokubiza amagama. Kwakhiwa kwemagama therein senzeka ngokungeza amagama nemisho kwakhiwa nomunye. Kanjani, isibonelo, ngolimi Mexican «ninakakwa», lapho «ni» - «I», «naka» - «ke», «Kwa» - «inyama".