Imfundo:, Isayensi
Izimbobo ezimhlophe. Ingabe zikhona?
Kunezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo endaweni yonke. Lezi amaplanethi amaningi, izinkanyezi, ama-comet, ama-asteroids, ama-constellations, izinkanyezi futhi, empeleni, izimbobo ezimnyama. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi emkhathini kungaba khona izimbobo ezimhlophe - ukuqhathaniswa okuphelele kwesikhashana kuya kumnyama. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi bangabonakala lapho izenzakalo zendaba ye-cosmic yomgodi omnyama zenzeka, okwamanje ngesikhathi esithile.
Ngokuphambene nezimbobo ezimnyama, umhlophe ukhona isikhathi esincane (ngezilinganiso ze-cosmic) futhi ngokuzenzekelayo kubonakala kungenalutho. Endaweni yonke bayilahla indaba kanye nemisebe. Emva kwakho konke, uma kukhona izinto ezinjengezimbobo ezimnyama eziqhubekayo zithatha indaba, khona-ke kumele kube khona izinto ezinikezelayo.
Ngenkathi imigodi emhlophe emkhathini ayitholakali. Kodwa abalandeli abaningi bale mbono abashiyi ithemba labo lokuthola lokho esikhathini esizayo. Ingabe bayothola? Phela, uma kukhona ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuba khona kwezimbobo ezinjalo, imithetho eminingana eyisisekelo ye-physics izophulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi isisekelo sesayensi yanamuhla kuzodingeka sihlolwe kwezinye izindawo. Futhi kahle kakhulu.
Ukuvela kanye nokubola kwesikhashana endaweni ye-cosmic emgodini omhlophe, izazi zezinkanyezi zibiza ukuqhuma okuncane, ngoba le nqubo ifana kakhulu ne-Big Bang, ngaphandle kwayo yonke indawo engeke ibe khona manje. Kodwa okwamanje, izinto ezinjalo, okungaziwa ngokuthi izimbobo ezimhlophe, aziwa. Futhi, akudingeki ukuba kwenziwe izindlela zokusesha (isibonelo, izimbobo ezimnyama, njengombuso, kuzikhungo zezinkanyezi ezinkulu).
Muva nje, izazi ze-astrophysicists uShlomo Heller no-Alon Retter benza isitatimende sokuzwakala. Yilokho okubangelwa imbangela ye-GRB060614 ye-gamma flash engavamile, eyabhalwa ngamakhamera amaningana anamandla ngoJuni 14 ngo-2006, kwaba imbobo emhlophe noma imbobo. I-GRB060614 isesimweni sezinkanyezi seNdiya (esivela Emhlabeni ekude cishe iminyaka engaba yisigamu). I-flash yayihambisana nomphumela wokukhanya okungajwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi izazi zezinkanyezi zazikwazi ukucacisa izixhumanisi futhi zilinganise imingcele yento. Kuyini engavamile? Konke ukukhanya kwe-gamma ukukhanya kwezaziwa kwahlukaniswa isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwamasekhondi amabili) futhi kufushane (imizuzwana engaphansi kwemibili). Kodwa lena ayihambisani nemingcele yombili. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi baqaphela ngokukhethekile.
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-gamma-ray bursts yesikhathi eside ivela kaningi ngenxa yokuwa kwezinkanyezi eziningi, eziguqulwa zibe izimbobo ezimnyama. Ama-gamma amasha-mfushane amphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwenkanyezi ye-neutron nomgodi wezinkanyezi ezimnyama noma ze-neutron. Lokhu kuholela ekwakheni umgodi omnyama. Ukuqubuka, okuhleliwe ososayensi base-Israel, kwagcina imizuzwana engu-102. Ngokweqile, lokhu kufanele kusho ukuthi kuzophela ngokuqhuma okukhulu kwe-supernova, okungakaze kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-gamma-ray bursts ayilindelekile kule ngxenye yesibhakabhaka, njengokubukeka kwanoma yiziphi izinto ezintsha.
I-physicist physicist uPlavski Nicodem wancoma ukuthi imvelo yethu yindonga engaphakathi yomgodi omnyama onendawo ethile kwenye indawo. Emsebenzini wakhe, lo usosayensi wabonisa ukuthi zonke izimbobo ezimnyama zingabhekwa njengezingeniso ezixhuma ezindaweni ezahlukene zesikhala. Futhi uPlavsvski Nicodem ukholelwa ukuthi omunye umkhawulo womgodi omnyama uxhunyiwe ekuqaleni komgodi omhlophe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo zenziwa ngaphakathi komhubhe, okufana nendawo yonke ekhulayo kancane kancane. Kusukela kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi indawo yonke yethu ingaba yingxenye yangaphakathi yomhubhe, futhi izimbobo ezimnyama nemhlophe - ukungena nokuphuma ezifundeni zesikhala sangaphandle.
Inkolelo kaPlavsvski ichaza lokhu okuphazamisayo: kungani i-cosmic substance iyanyamalala lapho ingena emgodini omnyama futhi ingabonakali kwenye indawo.
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