Amandla angaphakathi wezindaba

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, yikuphi amandla angaphakathi, ake sikhumbule isibonelo esibekwe uthisha wesikole, sichaze incazelo yezinkanyezi nezamandla. Ngamagama alula, owokuqala amandla okufudukayo ukuthi noma yimuphi umzimba ohambayo unayo, kanti owesibili yikhono elingenziwanga ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Futhi zombili lezi zandla ziyakwazi "ukugeleza" komunye nomunye.

Masisebenzise isibonelo. Ngaphezulu kweplastiki (ishidi lokuhola) ibhola lensimbi enzima. Siyithatha futhi siyiphakamise ekuphakameni kwesandla eseluliwe. Njengoba ehambela endaweni engenhla, amandla akhe e- kinetic ayancipha, futhi amandla angase akhuphuke, afinyelele esiphezulu ngesikhathi sokuma. Kodwa lapha sikhipha ibhola, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuvuthwa komzimba sishaya phansi. Kwenzekani kulo mzuzu? Okumane nje: amandla angasekho (okuqongelelwe) ashintshwe ukunyakaza okusheshayo. Lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho ibhola liwela phezulu bese liyeka (yingakho sibone ukuthi sithatha isisekelo seplastiki). Ekuboneni kokuqala kungase kubonakale sengathi amandla ebhola ayanyamalala, kodwa lokhu akunjalo, njengoba amandla angaphakathi akhule. Uma uhlola ngokucophelela indawo yokuwa, khona-ke kukhona i-dent ensimbi, futhi ibhola lalinokukhubazeka (ikakhulukazi uma liphinde lihole). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisa kukhishwe endaweni yokuxhumana.

Yini okwenzekayo ezingeni lemangqamuzana ngesakhiwo sensimbi? Ama-molecule abumba lo mzimba abumbene ngokubambisana nokukhwabanisa. Ukuguqulwa kwemibangela kubangelwa ukufuduka kwezinye zazo, ngenxa yalokho amandla angaphakathi angaphakathi ayashintsha. Lezi zinhlayiya zingabonakali iso, kodwa futhi zinamandla amakhulu futhi angaba namandla. Ukuthuthwa kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi ngenxa yokuwa kuhlinzeka amandla engeziwe ezakhiweni ze-molecule. Amandla angaphakathi ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwezinhlayiya, ngakho-ke kuhlale kukhona. Lesi esinye sezici zendaba. Amandla angaphakathi yi-sum of the potential and kinetic, inhlobo kuwo wonke ama-molecule nama-athomu womzimba anikeziwe.

Kukhona ifomula yokubala. Iphuzu elibalulekile - le ndlela ilungele kuphela ukubala igesi elihle. Kulo, amandla angase abe namandla

F = (I / 2) * (m / M) * T * R,

Lapho ngingu-coefficient of degrees wenkululeko. Lapha, kuphela inani lama-molecule m kanye nokushisa okujwayelekile T kuyacatshangelwa. Ezingosizini zegesi zangempela, kudingekile ukuhlinzekela ivolumu, umfutho kanye nesakhiwo se-molecule.

Ekhuluma ngokuguquguquka kokubili kwamandla kagesi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhulumi nguYay R. Mayer. Ukuba udokotela womkhumbi, wabonisa umehluko ekutheni umbala wegazi uvela kubagibeli nabasemazweni abanda. Kamuva, wabhekisela kwenye yezindawo eziyinhloko zamandla - ukuhlala kwayo njalo. Akupheli nanoma yikuphi, kodwa kuguqulwa kuphela kwezinye izinhlobo, kanti inani eliphelele lihlala lingashintshi.

Amandla angaphakathi angaphansi kwamanzi ahambisana nemithetho ejwayelekile. Isibonelo, olosolwazi bayazi kahle ukuthi emva kwesiphepho esivele nje, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngemuva komkhumbi lihlala liphakeme kunanini ngaphambili. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi i- front atmospheric ibike ingxenye yamandla ayo emanzini amaningi, ayishisa. Esinye isibonelo wonke umuntu ohlangana nazo nsuku zonke ashisa. Kwanele ukufaka isitsha samanzi esitofu bese uvula igesi, njengoba amandla angaphakathi oketshezi eqala ukwanda. Ama-molecule athola umfutho owengeziwe, ijubane lokunyakaza kwawo landa. Ngakho-ke, inani lokushayisana okufanayo liba likhulu. Kodwa uma ususa umthombo wokushisa kwangaphandle, khona-ke amanzi ngeke aphule ngokushesha. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqoqwa kwamandla angaphakathi ekunyameni. Ngendlela, inqubo yokupholisa nayo iyimbonakaliso yomthetho wokugcinwa kwemvelo: umoya ojikelezayo uyashisa futhi uwandise, uqedele umsebenzi.