Izimpawu nezimo zokusebenza, ugcwalise isampuli. Uhlu imisebenzi nge izimo zokusebenza enobungozi

Akuwona wonke umsebenzi uzokwazi ukuhlola kahle nemibandela yokuqashwa kwabo. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda konke mayelana imvelo, wabhekana abameleli ukuzibonakalisa ezahlukene.

Kuyini sici ukukhiqizwa?

Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, isidingo sokuqondisa ubophekile ukuba unike umsebenzi nencwadi engokomthetho, amagama "Ukusabela ezimbonini". Lo mbhalo kungenziwa okwethulwa amafomu kanye izitayela ezahlukene, ngoba konke kuzoncika inhloso ngawo kuyadingeka.

Yiqiniso, zonke izinhlobo ukukhiqizwa izici kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukubala. Nokho, kumelwe kuphawulwe izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu kule dokhumenti. Lezi zihlanganisa:

Ukukhiqizwa izici umsebenzi. nophenyo Ibhalwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo; isimo main nansi incazelo professional, ezenhlalo noma ukusebenza umsebenzi, kanye nokuhlola izimfanelo siqu futhi ibhizinisi.

Ukukhiqizwa izici izimo abasebenza umfundi, ukwenza umsebenzi esisebenzayo kule nkampani. Le ndlela idokhumenti ingekho kaningi, kodwa futhi endaweni ukuba. Kulokhu, kubhekiselwa efomini khulula. Linikeza nomphathi wakhe noma inhlangano omele abasebenzi service.

Ukukhiqizwa izici izimo zabasebenzi adingekayo nokuwela kwawo VTEK (labour lodokotela ikhomishana) kanye ITU (ubuchwepheshe lezempilo nezenhlalo). Le ndlela idokhumenti ingenye edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa. Wenziwe ngesikhathi ukuhlolisisa ephelele yezokwelapha isiguli. Ilingana degree of ukulahlekelwa (esinqunyiwe noma ephelele) yokukhubazeka isisebenzi ukukhubazeka kuchazwe qembu. Kuyadingeka ukuba sonke, yebo, ngoba imiphumela neluhlolo nokulandela izimo zokusebenza impilo wesisebenzi. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kakhulu efanayo ezikhishwa umqashi, ngaphambili kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele izici ehlanzekile. Futhi, inkomba kuzomele sifake izici umkhiqizo, bonke abasebenzi imithetho ukukhiqizwa, njll .. D. Uma inkampani yakho has a isikhungo sezokwelapha, bese ugcwalisa impendulo kufanele kube udokotela. Nokho, isitifiketi okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni idokhumenti kuyoba usebenzisa isignesha lwekhanda noma uMphathi Abasebenzi.

Mayelana izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi umtsetfo lokhona iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze abantu ezisebenza ezimweni zabasebenzi eziyingozi, ezinye iziqinisekiso kanye nezinzuzo. Hlobo luni isiqinisekiso futhi yiluphi uhlobo abanalo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima. Phela, kukhona ngeengaba eziningi ukucacisa imithetho yokunikeza izinzuzo kubasebenzi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ubheke kwenye, umbuzo obalulekile: enjani ngokwenkolo ukusebenza ubhekwa futhi uyingozi ukuze impilo yabasebenzi?

Long incazelo izimo zokusebenza abameleli ubuchwepheshe ezahlukene bavunyelwe lezi zinto ezilandelayo main ezihlanganisa izimo professional eziyingozi:

• Izinyathelo isimo esishubile izimo zokusebenza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza yesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kuba okuyisidina kakhulu, ngokuvamile ziqasha sphere ngokomzwelo nokuhlakanipha.
• Izinyathelo kobukhulu izimo zokusebenza. , Ngokuvamile okhandlayo Lokhu ashukumisayo futhi static ezihlobene umthwalo-njalo. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ihlanganisa izici ezincane kanye kuyacasula like postures angakhululeki lapho enza umsebenzi, inani elikhulu ezinikezwa yanoma yisiphi isinyathelo, nokunye. D.
• zindlela Chemical. Kubhekwe, uma ikhona e umthelela emzimbeni womuntu izinto ezihlukahlukene enobungozi (acid, alkalis, reagents futhi t.). Uthuli noma ukungcola, esindayo emoyeni stuffy - konke lokhu futhi inomthelela nenqubo.
• zindlela Jikelele ngokomzimba. Mhlawumbe iqembu ezivamile yezici; Zonke ngoba lapha kungukuthi elihambisana lokushisa evamile, umswakama, tinhlobo letehlukene emisebeni - ionizing noma okungezona ionizing, izinga nesivinini umoya, vibration futhi umsindo, ukukhanyisa singenele, nokuningi. Abasebenzi nge izimo eziyingozi ukusebenza ayingozi ezimweni eziningi kulesi sigaba. amabhizinisi Iningi emazweni amaningi-ke ubuye efanelekayo kubhekwe sokunquma seqembu.
• izici zokwakheka komuntu. Lena iqembu kakhulu ezikhethekile kakhulu, ofanele kuphela lezo zinkampani lapho kukhona eziphilayo begazi kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Hlukanisa la magciwane, yebo, kwaba ngamaqembu amabili: nezilwanyana ezincane (amagciwane, isikhunta, amagciwane kanye spirochetes) kanye vumelekile eziphilayo (izilwane kanye nezitshalo).

Wahlala ezingaxazululeki omunye umbuzo: kanjani ukuba inqume ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi elimazayo? Kukhona uhulumeni isimemezelo esikhethekile inombolo RF 870. Lonke ulwazi olusemthethweni mayelana uhlobo imisebenzi ezidingekayo ukuthatha kusuka lapho. Nokho, le dokhumenti, ngeshwa, ngeke abantu abaningi ngoba nohlaka. Kukhona oda avela eMnyango Wezempilo, kodwa iningi labo zisekelwe isimemezelo ubudala Soviet, esinikela lonke uhlu lwezinhlangano, iminyango kanye izikhundla okungase kubhekwe njengokwamukelekayo ezingavikelekile impilo. Yiziphi kulezi zinhlu? Ngalolu futhi kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Uhlu imisebenzi nge izimo zokusebenza enobungozi

Uhlu olugcwele imisebenzi equkethe izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi ezingaphephile kulawulwa Uhulumeni inombolo Isinqumo 665. Kulo mbhalo, lonke uhlu abahlomulayo bhalisiwe, ngubani kufanele Usebenza ezimweni esingaphephile, esindayo noma imicabango emibi. Ngezansi, Nokho, kuyinto uhlu ezifingqiwe imikhakha kubantu abathintekayo imisebenzi ezingaphephile. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2016 lezi zibandakanya:

• abasebenzi timbiwa;
• metallurgists, ekukhipheni izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi ayoni;
• abasebenzi esikhiqiza igesi ugesi;
• abasebenzi, abasebenzi ku himkompaniyah;
• abantu omsebenzi wakhe has neziqhumane, izinhlamvu kanye neziqhumane ehlukahlukene nokunye. d.
• abasebenzi izinkampani uwoyela negesi kanye nezinhlangano ukuthi ukukhiqiza nezimayini zamalahle, oluthambile izinto, igesi condensate, nokunye. d.
• abantu abaphathelene nalabo isizinda;
• abasebenzi, ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne umsakazo ubunjiniyela kanye electronics;
• abasebenzi izinkampani kagesi;
• abasebenzi izinkampani esikhiqiza zokwakha;
• abasebenzi ingilazi iphosilini izimboni;
• abantu babandakanywe ku Ukuze kwenziwe imicu ekhiqizwa, iphepha kanye uginindela;
• abasebenzi esikhiqiza izidakamizwa nezinto ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha;
• abasebenzi nezokuthutha nezinhlangano;
• abantu ezihlobene amandla enuzi kanye umkhakha zenuzi.

Abakhi, welders, abasebenzi emkhakheni Ezolimo, abasebenza ngamapayipi, bomlilo nabanye abaningi, ngandlela-thile bazibandakanye ezindaweni nokusetshenziswa umsebenzi wezandla - bonke of them futhi basonta izigaba nelungelo bese ufaka uhlu imisebenzi nge izimo zokusebenza ezingase zibe yingozi.

Inqubo yokwenza ukuhlola kokuphumelela izimo zokusebenza

Ngo-2013, it wafakwa kunyatheliswa inani uMthetho Federal 426. enquma ubambe inqubo ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi "Kuhlola izimo zokusebenza endaweni yokusebenza." Inhloko yenhlangano ngaphambilini wenza imisebenzi etholakalayo isitifiketi kuphela, ngemva ukwamukelwa zoMthetho Federal force Kwakudingeka baqale ngezikhathi ukusebenza ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa.

Sample izimo nezici bakhandlekela MLCE abekwe ngezansi.

Ngakho, liyini ukuhlolwa olukhethekile izimo zokusebenza endaweni yokusebenza futhi kungani sasidingeka? Kuhlola - uhlobo iqoqo leminye imisebenzi, izici ezithile izimo zokusebenza okuhloswe:

• phezu ukuthola i izici ezingaphephile enkulu ekwakhekeni futhi inqubo yabasebenzi;
• ku kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda lizinga lekungenelela lezi zici phezu abasebenzi.

Lapho beqeda loluhlolo kufanele:

• uqinisekise ukuthi zonke Ukuvikelwa abasebenzi (kokubili collective ngabanye);
• ukufaka enikwe iziqiniseko ezidingekile kanye nezinzuzo abasebenzi;
• ukuqhuba nokuhlolwa odokotela (kokuqala amaphephabhuku);
• ukufaka yamanani ezingeziwe iminikelo National Pension Fund;
• ukubala isaphulelo on the 'ukulimala';
• ukulungiselela imibiko ngesimo izibalo on izimo zokusebenza.

On ilowo owathunyelwa yonke imisebenzi ethulwa ngenhla? Ukuhlolwa kwezimo abasebenza endaweni yokusebenza kumele kwenziwe maqondana bonke abantu abasebenza, ngaphandle homeworkers nabasebenzi abasebenza ukude. Asikwenzanga nokuhlola abantu eziye Wangena ubuhlobo lokuqashwa kumqashi - umuntu ongeyena usomabhizinisi ngabanye.

Mayelana nendlela okufanele kwenziwe kokuhlaziywa izimo zokusebenza, abhalwe nezincwadi futhi izihloko. Nokho, umthombo olunembile kunazo Yiqiniso, inani uMthetho Federal 426. Kuyadingeka ukuba banake omunye umbuzo obalulekile: ngasiphi isikhathi kufanele kwenziwe uchungechunge izinyathelo ehilelekile?

Lapho ukuhlolwa izimo zokusebenza?

Isici elilinganisiwe izimo zokusebenza kufanele senziwe okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Yanikeza iqoqo izinyathelo kwenziwe, yebo, nsuku saziso - kungakhathaliseki ukukthi ezimweni eziyingozi noma cha kukhona yayikade wathola. Kukhona futhi eziningi ezinomthelela ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa unscheduled kwezimiso ukusebenza. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezingaba nomthelela kule yohlelo lokuhlola amabhuku kuyinto:

• zokusebenza esanda ihlelwe zifakwa ukusebenza;
• ikhanda lenhlangano uthola "umyalezo" isimo umhloli wezemisebenzi sokuhlolwa unscheduled;
• ekushintsheni indlela yokwakheka izinto zokusetshenziswa kusetshenziswe noma impahla (kodwa kuphela uma izinto ezinjalo kungase zibulale abasebenzi yebhizinisi);
• ushintsho inqubo ngokwalo, kukhona imishini ukukhiqizwa (futhi, kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi imishini enjalo akuphephile);
• indawo noma olwesimanje izindlela zokuvikeleka collective noma umuntu;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka eziphuthumayo noma ingozi;
• lokuphakamisa iziphakamiso zokuhlola unscheduled amabhizinisi by inyunyana noma eminye imigwamanda ummeleli.

Ngakho, incazelo jikelele izimo nemibandela umsebenzi ukusebenza kungenzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwezibalo, iningi amabhizinisi ibhekene ukuhlolwa unscheduled ngokuvamile. Yingakho ukuphathwa yebhizinisi kudingeka uqaphe kakhulu futhi baqaphe. Kufanele banakekele izisebenzi zayo kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa izinga okusezingeni futhi ukuqeda ukuhlolwa njalo kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho awayiphazamisi.

4 no-3 amakilasi kwezimiso ukusebenza

Ukuhlola izimo zokusebenza usuqede ukufakwa izifundo ezithile bese subclasses emsebenzini. Lo mcimbi aphethwe ukuze kutholakale amanani ezengeziwe Russian Federation Pension Fund, ubungako bawo nokubaluleka.

Ngakho, iziphi amakilasi ezahlukene izimo zokusebenza? Konke kuncike ezingeni ingozi; ukuze kukhona amazinga amane:

• Level 4 - eziyingozi;
• Level 3 - eziyingozi;
• Level 2 - kuvunyelwe;
• Level 1 - okungcono.

Kuyini ekilasini zabasebenzi esiyingozi? Uma uzama ukuchaza kafushane leli qembu ochwepheshe, singasho ukuthi umsebenzi ukuchayeka eziyingozi ezilimazayo ukukhiqizwa imvelo kunjalo akwazi okusongela ukuphila impilo yabasebenzi. Kunengozi okusezingeni eliphezulu izifo sibi emsebenzini.

Ekilasini lesithathu, okungukuthi, eziyingozi, ingafakwa ukukhiqizwa kuphela uma abasebenzi lixhomeke ethonyeni izici ezingaphephile okwedlula ngaphandle kwezilinganiso ezivunyelwe. Leli qembu kwezimiso umsebenzi luhlukaniswe subclasses ezilandelayo:

3.1. Lesi sigaba uchazwa ngokuthi iqoqo nezimo zokusebenza, lapho isisebenzi umzimba ethatha kancane isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze alulame. Kufanele kwenziwe izibalo amashifu futhi ngezimpelasonto.

3.2. Lokhu subclass libhekene ukuvela kwezindaba izifo zamaphaphu isisebenzi ngenxa umsebenzi.

3.3. Libhekene okuvela ku izifo ukusebenza ngokulinganisela.

3.4. Libhekene nesenzakalo izifo phakathi abasebenzi ifomu esindayo futhi abukhali.

1 no-2 amakilasi kwezimiso ukusebenza

Iqembu lesibili - izimo ezibhekwa eyamukelekayo ukusebenza. Lihlanganisa izinto ezingaphephile emsebenzini, okuyinto nokho ayeqi esungulwe amazinga ezihlanzekile futhi sanitary. Yiqiniso, isethi izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezici izimo zokusebenza ebekiwe ukuthi abasebenzi okuqondene isigaba sesibili, kungase kudingeke ingozi kancane abaguliswa ngenxa hhayi engcono yokusebenza imvelo. Nokho, ngokuvumelana imibhalo, umzimba okwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele ukusinda kuze kufike okwalandela zokusebenza shift. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingozi ngeke ibe nomthelela omubi umuntu esikhathini eside noma esifushane.

Iqembu lokugcina - izimo zokusebenza kukhona elilungile. Umi kuphela lapho ukukhiqizwa ngokuphelele akukho izici eziyingozi noma eziyingozi, futhi kukhona isimo sivune kunikela ekucindezelayo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo olinganiselayo. Ngokweqile eqembu lokuqala abasebenzi abavunyelwe.

Ngakho, izimo zokusebenza kwamaningi amakilasi ethulwa ngenhla bhalisiwe bha futhi nje. Thola ukukhathazeka lokhu noma lokhuya umsebenzi, akunzima ngakho lokho ncamashi iqembu.

On the izici sanitary-ngezinyathelo zenhlanzeko okwakufanele izimo zabasebenzi

Ngo-2008, 31 Meyi, udedelwe oda ukudla. Yesevisi womuntu inhlalakahle kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abathengi 'ngaphansi inombolo 103. Kuyinto le dokhumenti futhi uvumele imiyalelo for beqhuba imisebenzi ehlobene nokuhlolwa ezihlanzekile futhi sanitary kwezimiso zabasebenzi. Ukuze siyiqonde kangcono indlela kufanele kwenziwe izici sanitary-ngezinyathelo zenhlanzeko okwakufanele nezimo zokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuba "uhambo" kuma-oda kakhulu. Ngakho, ukwenza kubhekwe isici ukusebenza oqhubeka ubuso zokusebenza izifo wazithatha ngokuhamba umsebenzi okhokhelwayo, kumelwe ulandele le mihlahlandlela:

1. Uyahamba futhi senziwa lonke ulwazi olufanele on izimo zokusebenza, okwambula izifo emsebenzini.
2. Ihlanganiswe ngu The izici okufanele abe ngaphezulu izinsuku ezingu-7.
3. Isici kumele ilungiselelwe 4 amakhophi futhi wasayina control ochwepheshe.
4. Uma kudingeka, kufanele ucele imibhalo esingeziwe kanye nolwazi.
5. Uma isisebenzi sekutholakale uphethwe kwangaphambilini kumele kusetshenziswe nanoma yimiphi imibhalo engahle uqinisekise ezingavikelekile impilo izici zokukhiqiza.
6. Lapho echaza izimo zabasebenzi abasebenzi kufanele kubhekwe imisebenzi esemthethweni, kanye nolwazi ukuthi kusukela umsebenzi eza ngqo.
7. Lonke ulwazi mayelana bokuphila, laboratory noma izifundo wezinsimbi kufanele zithunyelwe njengoba isinamathiselo impendulo kubhekwe.
8. Imibono wesisebenzi, kanye neziphathimandla, ofakazi nabanye abantu lingasetshenziswa lapho kukhona ukulungiselela kanye nokugcwaliswa kwezikhala izimfanelo umsebenzi izimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo kule ukwambulwa isifo sakhe emsebenzini.

Indlela ugcwalise incazelo izimo zokusebenza?

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela ukudweba futhi ukukhipha isici professional, azi, ngeshwa, hhayi kubo bonke abantu ababonisa ukuphathwa inhlangano ethile. Yingakho-ke kuhle ukucabangela umbuzo ngempela ebalulekile futhi esiphuthumayo: kanjani ngokuphumelelayo igcwalisa isici ukusebenza izimo abasebenzi ingathunyelwa ngihlolwa?

Hlobo luni ukuma udinga ukuthatha? Ezimweni eziningi, sicabangela izici ebhaliwe kwifomu nalutho, nakuba kuba ngokuphelele akuyona imfuneko. Phezulu uhlu kubonisa F. IO isisebenzi, usuku lokuzalwa, futhi ikheli, inombolo yocingo kanye, uma ikhona, esikhundleni cwaningo.

Uma ihlanganiswe incazelo emfushane ka imisebenzi yangaphambili zokusebenza. Kuyadingeka ukuba uchaze umsebenzi esedlule umuntu okhokhelwayo, imiklomelo yakhe nokufeza wathola ukulimala emsebenzini kanye nokunye. D. Lena kumele uma kwebalingisi is okwenziwe ukusebenza izimo VTEK.

izici Sample kwezimiso ukusebenzela ITU kungabonakala isithombe ngezansi.

Ngokulandelayo, ukuchaza indawo samanje abantu umsebenzi. Lokhu kwenziwa kakade njengoba kubekiwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kusho imodi wokusebenza, umthwalo, ukuphumula amakhefu noma kwasemini, izinga lokushisa nokucindezelwa emakamelweni nokunye okuningi. Nokho, asikho isidingo lapha ukuze Lithi zonke ezilimazayo izici zokukhiqiza, kungenjalo kungase kubangele ukudideka. Kwenze kufanele kube ehlukile lento (noma ingxenye). Kuyodingeka ucacise ezingeni ngqo umsindo, kunyakaza, imithi enobungozi emoyeni, futhi D. Lapha njalo. Kubalulekile ukubhala yonke idatha yebhizinisi isisebenzi (uma ikhona). Esikhathini "Isiphetho" kungenzeka ukubhala mayelana nokwenzeka sokudlulisela umsebenzi lula futhi kancane esiyingozi.

Wadala idokhumenti esisayinwe kwenhloko yomnyango izisebenzi, Inhloko yoMnyango zomthetho, udokotela abakhulu ikhanda ibhizinisi. Kufanele kube khona, yebo, futhi kunyatheliswe.

On the isici izimo abasebenza inkontileka umsebenzi

Njengoba yaziwa, ekwenzeni isikhala umuntu ufuna umsebenzi kwinkontileka umsebenzi ukugcwalisa ikholomu yokugcina "izimo zokusebenza". Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi akukho nkinga. Nokho, amabhizinisi amaningi nabo bavame ukubhekana eziningi ukuhlolwa unscheduled, kodwa ngenxa spetsotsenka izimo zokusebenza sishoda. Okufanele ukwenze esimweni esinjalo? Yenqaba ukuqasha umuntu, ngokomthetho, kuze Faka isicelo spetsotsenke kwafika impendulo? Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba lena indlela ngqo.

Yiqiniso, uqhubeke ukuthatha umsebenzi amaqembu ahlukahlukene sisenjalo namanje. Nokho, kukhona imininingwane ehilelekile encane. Ngakho, ngaphambi izimo zabasebenzi spetsotsenki umqashi kungafiseleka kakhulu ukuwafaka iyiphi ikontraga iziqiniseko kanye isinxephezelo umonakalo. Kwenze okungcono ke, lapho ukuhlola kanye nokuhlola igcwaliswe. Izenzo ezinjalo kube ngukulunga futhi ngokomthetho esisemthethweni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ukuhlolwa kwezimiso ezokusebenza akufanele imisiwe. Izimpawu nezimo zokusebenza inkontileka umsebenzi kufanele babulawe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.