Izimpi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-Great Patriotic War emlandweni wemlando: amagama, itafula

Ingxenye ephawulekayo yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iMpi Enkulu Yama Patriotic, idlala indima evelele futhi eqondile ekupheleni kwesinye sezimpikiswano ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke wekhulu lama-20.

I-Periodization yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili

Ukuphikisana kweminyaka emihlanu okwenzeka ensimini yamaRiphabhulikhi eyayingengxenye yeSoviet Union, izazi-mlando zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezintathu.

1. I-Period I (22.06.1941-18.11.1942) ihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-USSR emidlalweni yempi, ukwehluleka kohlelo lukaHitler lokuqala lokuthi "blitzkrieg", kanye nokwakhiwa kwemibandela yokuphumelela ekusebenzeni kwezempi ngokusekela amazwe amaCoalition.
2. I-Period II (19.11.1942 - ekupheleni kuka-1943) ixhunyaniswe noshintsho olunzulu empini yezempi.
3. I-Period III (uJanuwari 1944 - Meyi 9, 1945) - ukunqotshwa okuqothulwa kwamasosha aseFrance, ukuxoshwa kwawo ezindaweni zaseSoviet, ukukhululwa kwamazwe aseNingizimu-Eastern naseMpumalanga Yurophu yi-Red Army.

Konke kwaqala kanjani

Izimpi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-Great Patriotic War zenziwa ngokufushane futhi ngokuningiliziwe zichazwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Mayelana nabo kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Ukuhlaselwa okungalindelekile nokushesha kweJalimane ePoland, bese kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kwaholela ekutheni ngo-1941 ama-fascists, kanye nalabo ababambisana nabo, babambe izindawo eziningi. IPoland yanqotshwa, futhi iNorway, Denmark, Holland, Luxembourg naseBelgium - zihlala. IFrance yakwazi ukumelana nezinsuku ezingu-40 kuphela, emva kwalokho futhi yathathwa. AmaFascist nawo ahlukumeza kakhulu iBritish Expeditionary Force, emva kwalokho afika ensimini yeBalkans. Isivimbela esikhulu endleleni yaseJalimane kwakuyi-Red Army, futhi izimpi ezinkulu kakhulu ze-Great Patriotic War zifakazela ukuthi amandla nomoya ongenakuqothulwa wabantu baseSoviet abavikela inkululeko yezwe lakubo kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile emzabalazweni ophumelelayo ngokumelene nesitha.

Uhlelo lweBarbarossa

Emikhalweni yomyalo waseJalimane we-USSR kwakuyisigqila, esasuswa ngokushesha futhi kalula, ngenxa yempi okuthiwa impi, izimiso zawo ezibekwe "ohlelweni lweBarbarossa."

Ukuthuthukiswa kwaso kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuhola kukaGeneral Friedrich Paulus. Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, amasosha aseSoviet ayezonqotshwa ngesikhathi esifushane yiJalimane nabalingani bawo, kanti ingxenye yaseYurophu yensimu yeSoviet Union yathathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele nokubhujiswa kwe-USSR kwacatshangwa.

Izimpi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-Great Patriotic War, emlandweni womlando owethulwe, zifakazela ngokucacile ukuthi ohlangothini lwaso luhle kangakanani ekuqaleni kokulwa nokuthi ekupheleni kwaphela kanjani.

Uhlelo lokuzikhandla lamaJalimane lucabanga ukuthi kungakapheli izinyanga ezinhlanu bazokwazi ukuthatha amadolobha ayisihluthulelo e-USSR bese befinyelela e-Arkhangelsk-Volga-Astrakhan. Impi ngokumelene ne-USSR yayizophothulwa ngokuwa kuka-1941. U-Adolf Hitler wabalwa ngalokhu. Ngezimyalo zakhe, amabutho aseMpumalanga ayegxila emandleni amakhulu eJalimane namazwe ally. Yikuphi izimpi ezinkulu ze-Great Patriotic War okwakudingeka zikhuthazele ukuze ekugcineni ziqiniseke ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusekela ukubusa kwezwe laseJalimane?

Kwakufanele ukuthi leli phupho lizobe lenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu ukuze ihlule ngokushesha isitha esisendleleni eya ekubuseni kwezwe:

• Ephakathi (umugqa iMinsk-Moscow);
• I-Southern (i-Ukraine neGreat Sea Sea);
• North-West (amazwe aseBaltic neLeningrad).

Izimpi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-Great Patriotic War: umzabalazo wenhloko-dolobha

Umsebenzi wokubamba iMoscow wawubizwa ngokuthi "Isivunguvungu". Kwaqala ngo-September 1941.

Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokubamba inhloko ye-USSR lunikezwe i-Army Group Centre, eholwa nguGeneral Marshal Fedor von Bock. Isitha sasiqedile i-Red Army hhayi kuphela isibalo samasosha (izikhathi ezingu-1.2), kodwa futhi nesibhamu (izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2). Noma kunjalo, izimpi ezinkulu zeMpi Enkulu yePatriotic ngokushesha zafakazela ukuthi akusho ukuthi ngaphezulu.

Ukulwa namaJalimane kulokhu kuqondiswa kwenziwa ngamabutho aseNingizimu-Western, eNyakatho-Western, Western and Northern Fronts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababambisene nabasosha bezempi bathatha indima ekubambeni.

Ukuqala kokubhekana

Ngo-Okthoba, umgqa oyinhloko wokuzivikela kweSoviet waphulwa esiqondisweni esiphakathi: ama-fascists athatha uVyazma noBryansk. Umzila wesibili, owadlula ngaseMozhaisk, wakwazi ukulibala isikhathi esincane. Ngo-Okthoba 1941, inhloko ye-Western Front yaba iGeorgy Zhukov, owathi ukuvimbezelwa kweMoscow.

Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ukulwa kwaba khona amakhilomitha angu-100 ukusuka enhloko-dolobha.

Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi eminingi yezempi kanye nezimpi ezinkulu ze-Great Patriotic War, eyenziwa ngenkathi evikela lo muzi, akazange avumele amaJalimane ukuba athathe iMoscow.

Ukuguquka kokuhamba empini

Kakade ngoNovemba 1941 imizamo yokugcina yama-fascists yokunqoba iMoscow yavinjelwa. Inzuzo itholakele eSoviet Army, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Umyalo waseJalimane unikwe izizathu zokuhluleka kwezulu lekwindla kanye nama-mudslides. Izimpi ezinkulu ze-Great Patriotic War zazama ukuzethemba amaJalimane ngokwabo. Ethukuthele ngokuhluleka, u-Führer wayala ukuba athathe inhloko-dolobha ngaphambi kokubanda kwasebusika, futhi ngo-November 15, ama-fascists aphinde azama ukuqala lokho okuhlaselayo. Naphezu kokulahlekelwa okukhulu, amasosha aseJalimane akwazi ukufika edolobheni.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqhubekela phambili kwazo kwavinjelwa, futhi imizamo yokugcina yama-fascists ukuwela eMoscow yaphela ekuhlulekeni.

Ukuphela kuka-1941 kwaphawulwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-Red Army ngokumelene namabutho ezitha. Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 1942, yahlanganisa wonke umgwaqo. Amabutho abahlaseli aphikiswa ngamakhilomitha angu-200-250. Ngenxa yokusebenza okuphumelelayo, amasosha aseSoviet akhulula izifunda zaseRyazan, Tula, eMoscow, kanye nezinye izindawo zase-Orel, eSmolensk, naseKalinin. Phakathi nalolu daba, iJalimane yalahlekelwa imishini eminingi, kuhlanganise nama-2500 nezibhamu ezingu-1,300.

Izimpi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-Great Patriotic War, ikakhulukazi impi yaseMoscow, zafakazela ukuthi ukunqoba isitha kungenzeka, naphezu kokuphakama kwezempi nokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ngokulwa neMoscow

Eyodwa yezimpi ezibaluleke kakhulu empini yamaSoviet ngokumelene namazwe amathathu e-Triple Alliance - impi yaseMoscow, yayiwuhlelo oluhle kakhulu lohlelo lokuphazamisa i-blitzkrieg. Amasosha aseSoviet ayephi indlela yokuvimbela ukuthunjwa kwenhloko-dolobha ngesitha.

Ngakho-ke, phakathi nokulwa, amasosha e-Red Army athuthukisa omkhulu, amamitha angu-35, amabhaluni esibhakabhakeni. Inhloso yezenzo ezinjalo kwakuwukunciphisa ukunemba kokubona kwama-bombers aseJalimane. Lezi zamasosha zafika ekuphakameni kwamakhilomitha angu-3-4 futhi, lapho, zavimbela kakhulu umsebenzi wezindiza zesitha.

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 bahlanganyela empini ye-capital. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengenye yezinkulu kakhulu.

Indima ephawulekayo empini yeMoscow yadlala nguMarshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, owahola i-16 Army. Ekwindla ka-1941, amabutho akhe avimbela iVolokolamsk neLeningrad Highways, evimbela isitha ukuba singene edolobheni. Ukuzivikela kulo mkhakha kwaphela amasonto amabili: ukuvalwa kwe-Istra Reservoir kwavuthwa, futhi ukufika enhloko-dolobha nakho kwabiwa.

Enye into ethakazelisayo emlandweni wempi eyingqayizivele: maphakathi no-Okthoba 1941 iMetroro yaseMoscow ivaliwe. Kwakuwusuku olulodwa emlandweni weMetro Moscow lapho engasebenzi. Ukwethuka okwenziwe yilo mcimbi, kuhlanganisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wabakhileyo - idolobha lalahlwe, abaqashi baqala ukusebenza. Isimo salondoloza umyalo wokuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile ngokumelene nababaleki nabaphangi, ngokusho ukuthi ngisho nokubulawa kwabahlukumezi kwavunyelwa. Leli qiniso layeka ukuhamba kwabantu abaningi baseMoscow futhi kwayeka ukuthuthumela.

I-Battle of Stalingrad

Izimpi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-Great Patriotic War zenzeka emaphethelweni emizi esemqoka yezwe. Esinye sezimpikiswano ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaba yimpi yeStalingrad, eyasusa ingxenye kusukela ngoJulayi 17, 1942 kuya kuFebruwari 2, 1943.

Umgomo wamaJalimane kulesi siqondiso kwaba yimpumelelo eningizimu ye-USSR, lapho kwakukhona khona amabhizinisi amaningi embonini yezimboni zezokuxhumana nezokuvikela, kanye nezindawo zokudla eziyinhloko.

Ukubunjwa kwe-Stalingrad Front

Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa ngamasosha ama-fascists nabalingani bawo, amabutho aseSoviet alahlekelwa kakhulu ezimpini zeKharkov; I-South-Western Front yahlukunyezwa; Izigaba kanye nemigomo ye-Red Army zahlakazeka, futhi ukungabi khona kwezikhundla eziqinile kanye nama-steppes avulekile kunika amaJalimane cishe ukufinyelela kwamaCaucasus.

Lokho, kubonakala sengathi isimo sengqondo seSoviet Union senza uHitler ukwethemba ngokuphumelelayo okukhulu. Ngezimiso zakhe, ibutho elithi "South" lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - inhloso yengxenye ethi "A" kwakuwukuthatha iNyakatho Caucasus, futhi iyingxenye "B" - Stalingrad, lapho iVolga egijima khona - umthamo wamanzi omkhulu wezwe.

Ngesikhathi esifushane uRostov-on-Don wathathwa, amaJalimane ashukuthela eStalingrad. Ngenxa yokuthi kule ndawo yayisemabutho amabili, kwakhiwa isikhala esikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye wamabutho wayala ukuba abuyele eCaucasus. Ukulibaziseka kwephuza ukucasula isonto lonke.

Ngo-July 1942, kwakhiwa isiteleka saseStalingrad Front, okuhlose ukuvikela umuzi esitheni nokuhlela ukuzivikela. Ukubunzima okukhulu komsebenzi wukuthi izingxenye ezisanda kwakhiwa zazingakaze zithole ukuxhumana, kwakungekho izinhlamvu ezanele, futhi kwakungekho izakhiwo zokuzivikela.

Amasosha aseSoviet ayephakeme kuneJalimane ngokulingana nenani labantu, kodwa ayephansi kubo cishe cishe kabili enkambeni nasesitweni, okwakungekho lutho.

Umzabalazo okhuthele we-Red Army uhlehlise ukungena kwesitha eStalingrad, kodwa ngoSeptemba ukulwa kwasuka ezindaweni ezikude kuya emingceleni wedolobha. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amaJalimane agxilisa iStalingrad ekubhujisweni, ehlela kuqala ukuqhuma amabhomu, bese ephonsa amabhomu kanye namabhomu ahlasele.

Ukusebenza "Ring"

Izakhamuzi zedolobha zalwa wonke amamitha omhlaba. Umphumela wenkinga yezimpikiswano ezinyangeni eziningi kwakuyindlela yokuguqula empini: NgoJanuwari 1943, ukusebenza "Ring", okwagcina izinsuku ezingu-23, kwaqala.

Umphumela walo kwaba ukunqotshwa kwesitha, ukubhujiswa kwamabutho akhe nokuzinikela kwamasosha asele ngoFebruwari 2. Le mpumelelo yaba yimpumelelo yangempela ekusebenzeni kwezempi, yaxosha isikhundla saseJalimane futhi yasibuza ithonya layo kwezinye izifundazwe. Wanika abantu baseSoviet ithemba lokunqoba okuzayo.

I-Battle of Kursk

Ukunqotshwa kwamabutho aseJalimane nabalingani bawo eStalingrad kwaphazamisa uHitler, ukuze kugweme ukuthambekela kwe-centrifugal ngaphakathi kwamanyunyana amazwe asePactament yesiThathu, wanquma ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuhlaselweni ngokumelene ne-Red Army, i-Citadel okuthiwa ikhodi. Impi yaqala ngoJulayi 5 wonyaka ofanayo. AmaJalimane asebenzisa amathangi amasha ayengabesabisa amabutho aseSoviet, okwabanika ukuphikisa okuphumelelayo. NgoJulayi 7, zombili amabutho ayelahlekelwe inqwaba yabantu kanye nemishini, futhi ukulwa kweTank eDodgers kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwenani elikhulu lamaJalimane nemishini. Lokhu kwaba yisici esibalulekile sokuthi ubuthakathaka be-fascists engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Kursk salient.

Qopha impi ye-tank

Ngomhla ka-8 kuJulayi, impi enkulu ye-tank ye-Great Patriotic War yaqala eduze neProkhorovka. Ukubamba iqhaza kuwo kwakuthatha izimoto ezilwa namakhulu angu-1200. Le mpikiswano yahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Isiphetho satholwa ngoJulayi 12, lapho kulwa khona amathangi amabili eduze neProkhorovka, eyaphela emgqeni. Naphezu kokuthi akekho ohlangothini owawuthathe isinyathelo esinqumayo, ukucasulwa kweJalimane kwaqedwa, futhi ngo-Julayi 17 isigaba sokuzivikela sempi sathuthukiswa. Umphumela walo wukuthi amaNazi aphonswa emuva eningizimu ye-Kursk Bulge, ezindaweni zabo zangaphambili. Ngo-Agasti, iBelgorod ne-Eagle bakhululiwe.

Iyiphi impi enkulu eyayiqeda iMpi Yamazwe Omhlaba? Le mpi kwakuyi-Conflict Kursk Bulge, okwakunzima kakhulu ukukhululwa kweKharkov ngo-Agasti 23, Kwakuyilo mcimbi owaqeda uchungechunge lwezimpi ezinkulu ensimini ye-USSR futhi wabonisa ukuqala kwenkululeko yaseYurophu ngamasosha aseSoviet.

Izimpi ezinkulu ze-Great Patriotic War: ithebula

Ukuze uqonde kangcono inkambo yempi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezimpi zayo eziphawulekayo, kukhona itafula elibonisa isikhathi sokuthi kwenzekani.

I-Battle for eMoscow	30.09.1941-20.04.1942
Ukuvinjwa kweLeningrad	09/08 / 1941-27 / 01/1944
I-Battle of Rzhev	01/08/1942 - 03/31/1943
I-Battle of Stalingrad	07/17 / 1942-02 / 02/1943
I-Battle for the Caucasus	07/25 / 1942-09 / 10/1943
I-Battle for Kursk	07/05 / 1943-23.08.1943

Izimpi ezinkulu ze-Great Patriotic War, ogama lawo laziwa namuhla kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, baye baba ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuqina komoya kanye nokuthanda kwabantu baseSoviet, okuvimbela ukusungulwa kwamandla ama-fascist hhayi kuphela ensimini ye-USSR, kodwa emhlabeni wonke.