UKurt Tank nezindiza zakhe

U-Kurt Tank - umklami wezindiza waseJalimane nomhloli wokuhlola, owayemi emsuka wokwakha izindiza. Wathuthukisa izindiza eziningana zomhlaba, njengeCoror noMarut.

I-Kurt Tank: Biography

U-Born Kurt Waldemar Tank ngoFebhuwari 24, 1898 e-East Prussia (idolobha laseBromberg-Schwedenhohe). Lapho iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala iqala, ngokuzithandela waya empini. Ngokushesha wayesevele esezingeni le-lieutenant futhi wayala inkampani eyayilwa neWest Front, lapho yalimala khona. I-Tank iphelile impi esesikhundleni senkosikazi futhi yaba nemiklomelo eminingana yobungqabavu.

Kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1922 wafunda e-Higher Technical School yaseBerlin, eyaphumelela ngokuphumelela, ukuthola i-specialist ye-engineer engineer. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yakhe yokufundela, wayesele ezimisele kakhulu ekudaleni izigulini, ngakho wayeya njalo enkulumweni kaProfesa Everling nge-aerodynamics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKurt Tank naye ngokwakhe wayezifundela ekwakheni izindiza. Baholwa ngaleso sikhathi nguProfesa Reisner.

I-Tank yokuqala yokushayela ayiphumelelanga. Ngokushesha wakha iphethini entsha wayibiza ngokuthi "uDeveli". Umsebenzi wakhe wathinteka kakhulu, ulahlekile usuku lonke emasifundweni, okwakubonakala ukuthi usephuzile kakhulu: wayengenaso isikhathi sokulungisa yonke imidwebo yokuvikela umsebenzi wakhe wokuziphendulela. Khona-ke le nsizwa inquma isinyathelo esinqaba: ubeka etafuleni lakhe phambi kwamaphrofesa uHoff noPercival imidwebo yabo yokusebenza "kaDeveli" futhi, ukumangazwa, uthola ukuhlolwa okuhle.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni, iKurt Tank isebenza kwenye yezinkampani ezincane zokwakha izindiza. Ngomnyaka we-1924, wathola idijithali yakhe yeenjini begodu wangena esitjhini seRohrbach, iMetallflugzeugbau, esiseBerlin. Ngaphambi kokungena ebhizinisini, uthola isitifiketi somshayeli. Kodwa-ke, wayengenaso isipiliyoni, ngoba esikoleni sezindiza wadlulisa uhlelo lokuqala lokuqeqesha, ehamba ngezinyawo izikhathi eziningana kwi-biplane elula.

Esitshalweni seRohrbach, ubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezindiza ezindizayo kuphela, kodwa futhi enye yezindiza zokuqala zokugibela "Roland". Kodwa okokuqala kwakuyizifundo zokwaziswa kuphela zokulawula nokuthembeka kwezindiza. Ngokushesha nje lapho esenethuba elincane, wangena emotweni futhi wahlonipha ikhono lakhe lokugibela ibheyili.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komkhumbi uRo-III kwaba ukuthi lapho ufika uhlasela kakhulu emanzini, futhi lokhu kudala ukuphazamiseka okungeziwe kwabashayeli bamashayela. I-Tank ihlongozwe ukuhlomisa isikebhe ngesikhewu esikhethekile se-damping, futhi lo mqondo wamukelwa. Mhlawumbe, lo msebenzi wokuqala wokuzimela, owabonisa ukuthi uKurt Tank njengomklami wendiza kungenzeka.

Ukuqashelwa

Kusukela ngesikhathi aqala ukusebenza ekuthuthukiseni uhambo lwezinyoni, ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwakuyinkinga yamandla ayo. Ukwenza izindiza ku-Ro-III, ngokushesha waqashelwa njengomqhubi wokuhlola. Ukuba nolwazi oluthe xaxa, yena ngo-1936 uzothola izinga likaDokotela wezobuchwepheshe bezesayensi kanye nesigaba seFlugkapitan, futhi wathola imiklomelo eminingana. Kodwa-ke, uKurt Tank, oneminyaka yakhe yokuphila eyanikezwa ngokuphelele endizeni, wayeyigugu kakhulu ngoba wayengumshayeli wokuhlola.

Kumele ngithi i-Ro-III yaziwa kakhulu ngoba iye yafaka amarekhodi amaningi. Umklami wendiza wagijima ngesibindi futhi eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza futhi ucwaningo oluhlobene nokufakwa kokusunduza izikrini nokuphakama kwendawo yamamori. Udumile ngaleso sikhathi umshayeli u-Erns Udet ondiza yeTank wayezobeka enye irekhodi - ukuwela kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga lonke i-Atlantic Ocean. Nokho, akuzange kwenzeke: ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe imoto kwakudingeka itshalwe ngqo olwandle oluvulekile.

Ukubambisana

Kwase kuphele isikhathi esisebenza nomunye u- Willie Messerschmitt ongumklami wezindiza owaziwayo waseJalimane . Njengomshayeli wokuhlola, i-Tank ayikwazanga ukuvumelana nemibono yakhe ehloswe ngokukhululeka komshini ngenxa yokwandisa ijubane layo. Njengoba kuyaziwa, u-Messerschmitt ukholelwa ukuthi amandla ezindiza awakubalulekile njengobungcweti bomshayeli ngokwakhe.

Kodwa-ke, uKurt Tank akazange ahlanganyele imibono enjalo yomlingani wakhe futhi wayeqiniseka ukuthi ngokukhula okusheshayo, izindinganiso zamandla nokuphepha kwezindiza kufanele zande. Ngakho-ke, umklami wezindiza weminyaka engamashumi amathathu ushiya isitshalo se-Messerschmitt, kuyilapho ubudlelwane bezinjiniyela ezimbili abanamakhono futhi esikhathini esizayo behlala befudumele futhi benobungane.

Sebenza e-Focke-Wulf

Ngo-1927, ithangi lathuthela e-Albatros Flugzeugwerke eqinile. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, uzobanjwa enye inkampani, i-Focke-Wulf, esekelwe eBrmen. Lapha, kusukela ngoNovemba 1931, unomsebenzi womklami omkhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uqondisa umnyango wokuhlola izindiza.

U-Kurt Tank nomshayeli wakhe uFw-58 Weihe, i-Fw-56 Stosser neFw-200 Condor ("Condor") kufanele bahlonishwe ngempela emhlabeni wonke. Owokuqala wabo wayekulungele ekupheleni kuka-1933, futhi umklami wezindiza ngokwakhe waba umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe bale nkampani enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ezintsha

Ngo-1936, umsebenzi waqala ngo-Fw-200 "Condor" entsha. Ekuqaleni le ndiza yayimiswe njenge-transatlantic liner, ngakho-ke ehlobo lika-1937, yenze indiza yakhe yokuqala kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nempi, uKurt Tank wanquma ukumsebenzisa njengesikhangiso eside ukuze afune izithunywa zesitha emanzini aseNyakatho Atlantic. Ngemva kokutholakala kwabo, indiza yahlasela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthutha noma yathumela lonke ibutho lemikhumbi yaseJalimane.

Ngokweminye imibiko, sekuphelele kusukela ngo-September 1939, 259 Fw-200 "Condor" yakhiqizwa, eyasetshenziswa yiLuftwaffe. Amanye ala mishini asetshenziselwa ngisho nezindiza zokuthutha izindiza zabaholi abaphezulu bezwe. Noma kunjalo, iningi lazo, ukuhlukahluka okuyisikhombisa, kwakuyiziqhumane noma ama-scouts akude. Ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kweCondor kwahlukahluka komunye nomunye ekwakhiweni kweziqukathi ze-missile noma abanikazi bombhobho, ukutholakala kohlelo lwe-radar noma le-homing, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - izikhali.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zeFw-190

Italente yalomuntu yazibonakalisa ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa umshayeli omusha we-Fw-187 owaqala ukuhamba emoyeni ngo-1937. Futhi ngonyaka ozayo indiza ye-tactical reconnaissance Fw-189 nayo yayilungile. Ukusebenza kumshini omusha we-Fw-190 waqala ngeqiniso lokuthi uFokke-Wulf waqala ukwakha umshayeli omusha emiyalweni ye-Reichsministerism of Aviation yaseJalimane. Ngasekuqaleni kokuwa kuka-1937, ithimba lokuklama eliholwa nguTank ngokwakhe laqala ukulungisa amaphrojekthi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, ihluke kuphela kwisitshalo samandla.

Indiza yokuqala yayihlome injini ye-12-cylinder Daimler-Benz DB 601, eyenziwe ngesimo se-V eguquliwe, ngokupholisa amanzi. Umshini wesibili wawuhlome injini ene-star-refroed engine BMW-139. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklami wendiza wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhasimende ukuthi injini engaphakathi ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ezindizeni zaseJalimane manje ngeke kube ngempumelelo.

Ekuhambeni imoto yokuqala yokuhlola yabonisa ijubane lika-595 km / h. I-Kurt Tank yomshayeli wokuhlola yenze izindiza eziningana zokulinga. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwalezi zindiza ezisheshayo kwaba nzima kakhudlwana isikhathi ngasinye, ngakho-ke umklami wezindiza kwadingeka ayeke zonke izindiza ezalandela. I-Fw-190B-9 yayisivele isathuthukisa ijubane le-730 km / h, njengoba lihlome nge-speed-meteth accelerator, eyayivumela ukuba ibe yi-fighter esheshayo, isifinyelele zonke izindiza zabalingani.

Imisebenzi phakathi nempi

Ekwindla ka-1942, kwavela ulwazi lokuthi ibutho laseMelika lalihlose ukuhlangana ensimini ye-Italy neBrithani ibutho elikhulu lezindiza elinenqwaba yamabhomu afuna ukulwa neHitler eJalimane. Umbuzo wesidingo esiphuthumayo sezindiza ephakeme e-high-altitude fighter wavuswa. I-Messerschmitt ne-Tank bacelwa ukuba bacabange ngalombono. Ngesikhathi sokuqopha, ekupheleni konyaka ofanayo, kuvele umshayeli omusha we-Ta-152.

Kulo msebenzi kanye nazo zonke izimpumelelo zakhe zangaphambilini, uTank wathola isihloko soprofesa ku-Technical University yaseBraunschweig. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Herman Goering ngokwakhe wasayina i-oda elikhethekile lokuthi zonke izinhlobo zezindiza ezisanda kudalwa, ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwesiqondiso somuntu siqu walesi siklami sezindiza ezinamakhono, zizobe sezibizwa ngokuthi "Ta" - ezincwadini ezimbili zokuqala zesibongo sakhe.

Ngisho nalapho sekuvele sekucacile kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi i-Reich Third ilahlekelwe impi, iTank yayisebenza ngokungakhathali. Waba umthuthukisi wokuqala we-helicopter ene-disk, engakaze ibe nesikhathi sokuzwa. Lo mshini kwakufanele uhambe njengendiza evamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uhambe kunoma iyiphi indlela futhi, uma kunesidingo, uhlale emoyeni.

Ngemuva kwempi

Kusele izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela kuze kube ukuwa kweReich Third. I-Tank yayiyazi kahle ukuthi imboni yezindiza yaseJalimane ayisasekho. Ngokushesha uBerlin yathathwa ngamabutho ahlangene futhi yahlukaniswa imikhakha. Izigebengu zempi zaqala ukubanjwa lonke elaseJalimane, futhi kamuva zahlushwa isijeziso esifanele. Phakathi kwabo kwakunezibalo ezinkulu ezifana neReichsmarschall uHermann Goering, umholi weqembu lamaNazi uRudolf Hess, oyinhloko yokukhathazeka okukhulu kunazo zonke uFriedrich Krupp Gustav Krupp, uNgqongqoshe wezeziMbusi wezeMpi u- Albert Speer kanye no-tank general SS Mayer. U-Kurt Tank akazange ahlanganiswe nanoma yiziphi izenzo zobugebengu, ngakho akaboshiwe.

Naphezu kokuthi i-Germany yangaphambili yayingekho, impilo yaqhubeka futhi kwakudingeka ukufuna umsebenzi endaweni ethile hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa kubasebenzi bayo. Abaqashi abaseduze kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi babengabanqobile. Iqiniso liwukuthi zonke izitshalo ze-Focke-Wulf, ezibalekela ekuqhumeni kwamabhomu eMelika naseNgilandi, zanyuka ukusuka empumalanga ziya empumalanga ziya ePosen, eMarienburg naseCottbus isikhathi eside. Ngakho bafika ensimini elawulwa amabutho aseSoviet.

Inamba enkulu yabasebenzi nemindeni yasala ngaphandle komsebenzi futhi ayikho indlela yokuziphilisa. Kodwa lapha amahemuhemu asakazela ukuthi amaRussia afuna ukwakha uhlobo oluthile lwehhovisi kusuka ososayensi baseJalimane, abaklami kanye nabasebenzi bokukhiqiza ukuze bakhe amamodeli amasha ezindiza, bathembele ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabo okuyingqayizivele. I-Tank yaqala ukuxoxisana nabameleli baseSoviet, okungazange kwenzeke noma yini. Wazama ukusungula oxhumana nabo nabaseBrithani ngisho nombusi waseChina Chai Kanshi. Nokho, isimemo sakhe sase-Argentina samsindisa. Njengoba wazi, leli zwe ngesikhathi esisodwa lisebenza eduze namaNazi, linikeza izizinda zabo zokudobela phansi.

Sebenza e-Argentina

UKurt Tank nomndeni wakhe bathuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala. Lapha uhlanganyela emsebenzini wakhe oyintandokazi futhi udala i-fighter entsha ye-Argentine Air Force ene-turbojet injini. Isisekelo sithathwe ukuthuthukiswa kwenjiniyela uHan Multholp. Kwakungumsebenzi we-fighter Ta-183, lapho kwenziwa khona izinguquko eziningana. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-FMA Pulqui II entsha kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-June 1950. Uhlolwe nguCaptain E. Weiss. Ukubuyekezwa kwakhe kwemoto kwakuhle kakhulu.

Ngokuphelele, kwakhiwe izindiza ezinjalo eziyisithupha, emva kwalokho, eminyakeni emine kamuva, iphrojekthi yavalwa. Ngo-1955, uMongameli uPerron, owacela uTank ukuba asebenze, wayenqatshelwe igunya lakhe yi-coup d'état. Indlu yendiza eCordoba ivaliwe. I-Kurt Tank nezindiza zakhe azisadingeki lapha. Abanjiniyela baseJalimane nabakhi bezindiza babengenakukhetha ngaphandle kokushiya i-Argentina. Ithangi liza eJalimane futhi lizama ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi oqalile, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphumelela.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwendiza ye-Indian Air Force

Ngo-1955, umklami wendiza uphoqeleke ukuba ashiye izwe lakubo. Wathuthela eNdiya. Enye yezindiza e-Bangalore, yena, kanye neqembu labachwepheshe, uhlanganyela ekwenzeni iphrojekthi yokudala i-fighter, ebizwa ngokuthi i-HF-24 Marut. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kokuqala kwalesi siza akuphumelelanga - waphahlazeka. Naphezu kwalokhu, lo msebenzi waqhubeka.

NgoNovemba 1967, kwakunamakhophi asezimboni kakade alo mshini. I-Marut fighter yayiyizindiza yokuqala zempi eyakhiwe futhi yakhiwa eNdiya. Eminyakeni emine kamuva wabamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwezempi emngceleni nePakistan.

Buyela

Ngo-1970 umklami wezindiza weza ezweni lakubo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana wayengumxhumanisi we-Berlin eqinile i-Messerschmitt-Belkov-Blom yaseBerlin.

U-Kurt Tank (isithombe singabonakala kulesi sihloko) washona eMunich ekuqaleni kuka-June 1983. Ukuphila kwakhe konke kwakuyisikhathi senkathi izinkulungwane zezihlakaniphi zaseJalimane ezaziphila ngazo. Ngentando yalokho kwenzeka ukuthi bonke baphoqeleka ukuba basebenze ukuze kuzuze labo, ngaphandle koNazi, uhulumeni ahlose ukuwina ukuthula. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, yena wakwazi ukwenza umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu emlandweni wokwakhiwa kwezindiza.