Ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kusukela kubahlaseli bamaNazi (1943-1944)

I-Great Patriotic War yathatha izigidi zabantu. Abantu bema ngemuva kwezwe labo balwela inkululeko yezizukulwane ezizayo. Izwe ngalinye le-former Soviet Union ligcina umlando walo wempi ephawulekayo nangosuku lapho ama-fascists axoshwa khona ensimini yawo.

Namuhla, ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kubahlaseli bamaNazi kugubha ngo-Okthoba 28.

Isiqalo esinonya

Ukukhululeka kwe-Ukraine ngo-1943-1944. Wafuna ubuqhawe beqiniso, ukuzinikezela nokuthanda izwe kusuka kumasosha kanye nabantu bonke. Okokuqala, ake sikhumbule ukuthi konke kwaqala kanjani, bese sizobuyela ekunqobeni nasezimpi zokugcina zeMlandland.

Ngo-1940, uHitler wasayina uhlelo lokuhlasela ku-USSR. Wayenegama elikhulu "Barbarossa". AmaJalimane kwakudingeka ahlasele kulezi zinhloso ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinyunyana ezingenakunqotshwa: Leningrad, Smolensk nase-Ukraine. Ngokwecebo lomholi wabahlaseli be-fascist, insimu ye-Ukraine yayizoba insimu enkulu kwezolimo. Yilawa mazwe angadla i-Reich.

Ngobusuku ngo-June 22, 1941, i-SSR yase-Ukraine yawela ngaphansi kwamabhomu empi aseJalimane. U-Sevastopol, uZhitomir, uKiev no-Izmail bathole ukushaywa kokuqala. Ukulandela ukuhlasela kwe-air , amabutho aseJalimane asemhlabeni aqhuma emadolobheni.

Impi ende egcwele igazi yaqala. Ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kusuka kuma-fascists kuzokwenzeka kuphela eminyakeni emithathu. Le minyaka izobekwa uphawu ngosizi, indlala futhi igeze ngezinyembezi ezibabayo zabantu bonke base-Ukraine.

Ukunqoba kokuqala

Impi Yezwe Yesibili iyaqhubeka. Ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kwakungeyona nje kuphela amandla amabutho eSoviet Army. Ngo-June 1942 indlunkulu yase-Ukraine yenhlangano yokubambisana yasungulwa, eyabangela ukunqoba okuningi esitha. Izitimela zabhujiswa, abasebenzi baqothulwa, kwenziwa ukushintshwa okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kwanikeza usizo olunzulu kumandla asebenzayo.

Ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kwabahlaseli bamaNazi kwakuboniswa ukunqoba kokuqala ebusika ngo-1942. Ukuhlala e-Ukraine - idolobha lasePivnevka esifundeni saseLugansk - lakhululwa amasosha aseSoviet aseJalimane ngo-18.12.1942.

14.02.1943 amaNazi aqhutshwa e-Lugansk. Phakathi nokuhlinzwa, amasosha angaphezu kuka-10 000 abulawa amaSoviet.

Ukuguquka empini yi-Battle of Kursk

Kukholelwa ukuthi impi eyinhloko yokukhululwa kwe-Ukraine evela kubahlaseli baseJalimane yaqala ngokuguquka phakathi nePirates yeKursk edume kakhulu, eyaba ngo-05.07 kuya ku-23.08 1943. Ngokwesilinganiso kwakungenye yezimpi ezibaluleke kakhulu zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Le mpi yaba yindlala izinsuku ezingu-49. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amasosha ethu ehlukumeza kakhulu amandla namoya amasosha aseJalimane. Ama-fascists avuselela ngokushesha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezempi.

Ngemva kokulwa kabuhlungu, amabutho ezitha ahamba endaweni yokuzivikela kulo lonke elaseSoviet-German. Akudingeki nje ukuba balahle amasosha ethu, kodwa baphoqeleka ukuvikela zonke izikhungo zezomnotho ezivezwe kamuva.

Ukubaluleka kweBhange Lobuningi Ukraine kumaFascists

Enye yalezi zinto ezibalulekile ezigxile eBhange Left Ukraine. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuyizimboni zamalahle ezimboni ezisemgodini omkhulu waseDonetsk kusukela ekubukeni kwesisekelo sezinto zokusetshenziswa. Amasosha ethu ayedinga ukunqoba ibutho elikhulu lezitha, elibalinganiselwa ku-700 000 abantu. Abanikezwa yimishini yamandla enamandla ngobuningi bamatshe angu-7 200 nezibhamu, izindiza eziyi-900 zempi, kanye nezindiza zokuhlasela tank 1200. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa amabutho, uhulumeni waseSoviet wayala ukukhululwa kwensimu yase-Ukraine.

Ukukhululwa kwebhange lase-Ukraine elingakwesokunxele

I-Supreme High Command yaqonda ngokucacile ukuthi nje uHitler wayengafuni ukuyeka izinyathelo ezibalulekile. Izinqola zezitha azikwazanga ukunikezwa isikhathi sokubuyiselwa, kwakudingeka ukuba zithuthuke ngokushesha ngeningizimu, kuze kube yilapho ama-fascists efika engqondweni yabo futhi ahlangane namabutho amasha ngemva kokunqotshwa ngesikhathi sokulwa ku- Kursk Bulge. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi ukukhululwa kwalensimu ye-USSR kuyoba nomlingiswa ophuthumayo. I-Ukraine Ibhange elingakwesobunxele lihlelekile ukuba likhulule izibopho ezinamandla kakhulu: South-Western, Steppe, Central nase Voronezh. Umsebenzi owawubhekwa wawungeyona nje inkululeko, kodwa futhi ukuwela kweDnieper ezindaweni eziningi. Kwakudingeka ukuphoqelela amaHitler ukuba aphule amabutho awo futhi adlule phezu kwezindawo ezinkulu, ngakho kungaba lula ukuhlula isitha. Abantu abathathu bebonke babumbene abantu abangu-1 500 000, abazimisele ukunqoba kuphela. Esitokisini samabutho ethu kwakukhona izingcezu ezingu-30 000 zezikhali, izindiza eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,700 kanye namathangi angu-1,180.

Ngo-Agasti 23, 1943 - iKharkov yakhululwa ngamandla amasosha ethu.

Ngo-Agasti 30, 1943 - Kukhishwe iTaganrog.

Ukukhululeka kweDonbass

Ngesikhathi esondela ku-Donbass, amabutho aseRashiya ayenamahlangothi amabili aphawulekayo: eNingizimu-Western naseNingizimu. Kwakukhona abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-1100, izindiza ezingu-1500, amathangi angu-1500. Amaqoqo amabutho aseSoviet aphendukela ngasentshonalanga.

08.09.1943 - I-South-Western Front, eyayiholwa nguMalinovsky, yakhululwa yiDonetsk.

10.09.1943 - UMariupol wathola inkululeko. Ukukhululeka kwe-Ukraine ngo-1943-1944. Kwakuyi-swing ngokugcwele.

22.09.43 - Amasosha ethu aphonsa ama-fascists ngemuva kweDnieper esigabeni seDnepropetrovsk-Zaporozhye. Lolu suku lubhekwa njengosuku lokukhishwa kwe-Donbass.

Ngesikhathi sezimpi ezinonya ezibulala igazi, i-34th Guards Division yabonakala ngokuphawulekayo ngezenzo zayo. Amasosha akhe ayishumi nesithupha anikezwe isihloko esithi Heroes of the USSR. I-126th Gorlovskaya Rifle Division nayo yazihlukanisa ngokwabo-amaHighes athola abayishumi nesikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihloko sikaHermees sanikezwa amasosha angama-80 kanye nabaphathi bezinhlangothi ezihlukahlukene zokulwa nobuqhawe ekukhululweni kweDonbas. Abashayeli bezindiza D.B. I-Glinka ne-O.I. I-Pokryshkin, futhi i-Heroes yase-USSR, yathola imindeni yesibili yehlonipho "i-Gold Star" empini yeDonbass.

Ukubuyela emuva, amaJalimane abhubhisa konke ngaphandle kokuhawukela nokuzisola endleleni yabo: bashisa izindlu namafemu, babethela amanzi emithonjeni, futhi baqeda iziboshwa.

I-Battle for the Dnieper. Impi yeChernihiv-Poltava

Impi yokwenza imisebenzi ehambisana noDnieper phakathi neMpi Yezwe yesibili, eyenziwa eceleni kweDnieper. Ukunyakaza kwaqala ekwindla ka-1943 futhi kwaphela izinyanga ezingu-4.

Isiteji sokuqala - ukulwa emgqeni weChernigov-Poltava ngo-Agasti 26-30-30, 1943, lapho ibutho lamabili lamabutho e-tank, iVoronezh, Central and Steppe.

Ngo-Agasti 27, 1943 - ukuxoshwa kwama-fascists edolobheni laseSevsk.

09/03/1943 - Ukuthatha iKonotop, ukuhlanza umfula Sejm kumaNazi.

09/02/1943 - inkululeko yeSomy.

09/04/1943 - Ukuthatha umuzi waseMerefa.

09/15/1943 - Kudedelwa idolobha laseNezhinsk.

09/16/1943 - AmaJalimane axoshwa ku-Novgorod-Seversk.

09/21/1943 - Amasosha ethu angena eChernigov.

09/23/1943 - ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo, uPoltava wathathwa.

Phakathi nempi yokuqala ku-Dnieper, amasosha angaphezu kuka-100 000 aseSoviet abulawe, amakhulu anikezwa isihloko se-Heroes of the Soviet Union ngenxa yesibindi nokuzinikezela kwabo.

Umsebenzi we-Nizhnedneprovsky

Isigaba esilandelayo sempi somfula omkhulu wase-Ukraine - ukulwa ezindaweni eziphansi kusukela ngo-26.09.1943 kuya ku-20.12.1943. Babeqhutshwa amabutho aseNingizimu, eNingizimu-West naseSteppe Fronts.

10/14/1943 - ukukhululwa kweZaporozhye.

10/23/1943 - empini ephumelelayo yeMelitopol.

10/25/1943 - Amasosha aseSoviet angena eDnepropetrovsk naseDneprodzerzhinsk.

10/30/1943 - Kukhishwa i-Genichesk.

Sekuphelele, phakathi nokuhlinzwa kukaNizhnedneprovsky, kwabulawa amasosha angaphezu kuka-170 000 eSoviet Army. Ukuphumelela empini ngenxa yezimo ezidalwe uDnieper zokukhululwa kweKiev.

Ukukhululeka kweKiev

I-Red Army yayihamba ngokushesha. I-1st Front Front (eyayiyi Voronezh) igxile emabhange amakhulu amakhulu esiteji saseKiev. Ngaphambi kokuba amabutho abekwe umsebenzi onzima wokuhlanza umuzi wabahlaseli baseJalimane kuze kube yisikhathi sokuguqulwa kuka-1917. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-First Front Front yabalwa ngamasosha angama-665,000, amathafa angama-7 000 nezibhamu, amathangi angu-675 nezinqola zokulwa nezindiza ezingu-700 zokulwa.

Ukuze kuphazamise isitha ngoNovemba 1, i-Red Army yasungula inkohliso ekhohlisayo kusukela e-Bukrin bridgehead. Ukuhlaselwa kwamanje kwaqala ngo-03.11.43 ukusuka eLutezh bridgehead futhi kwagcina izinsuku ezingu-10. Kanye namasosha aseSoviet ngesibindi balwa amasosha aseCzechoslovak. Isibindi kanye nobuqhawe baboniswa empini yeKiev hhayi kuphela ngamandla asebenzayo e-Red Army, kodwa futhi nabangaphansi komhlaba nabase-partisans abaqhuba imisebenzi eyingozi yokubonga futhi banikeza ibutho ngolwazi olubalulekile ekuthunjweni kwamabutho esitha. Ukusekelwa okukhulu kwavela kubahlali bendawo. Bazisiza amasosha ethu ukuba adilize i-Dnieper, abhekisele kuzo iziphambano.

06.11.43 I-Kiev ithathwe. EMoscow, i-salute yahlelwa ukuhlonishwa kwenkululeko yalo muzi. Isibindi samakhulu amasosha sasibhalwe ngemidali nemiyalo.

11/07/1943 - ukukhululwa kukaFastov.

13.11.43 - Ukhululwe uZhytomyr.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-Kiev, amabutho e-Red Army ayedlulele kakhulu, ubusika besondela, unikeza izinto ezimbi kakhulu ngenxa yomugqa owedlule. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nokuvuselelwa kwamabutho kanye nokuvuselela kabusha kusukela ngo-13: 11 kuya ku-22.12.43, umsebenzi okuthiwa waseKyvine ukuzivikela wenziwa. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko kwakuwukugcina izikhundla eKiev. Ngeshwa, amaphuzu amaningana aqinile, kuhlanganise no-Zhitomir, athunjwa ngokuphindaphindiwe yi-fascists. Noma kunjalo, iKie yakwazi ukugcina.

Yeka ukuthi ibhange lase-Ukraine laphumelela kanjani

Ukukhululwa kweBhange elungile lase-Ukraine kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kukaDnieper-Carpathian kusukela ngo 24.12.43 kuya ku-17.04.44. Kwakukhona ngezigaba eziningana. Isigaba sokuqala yi-operation ye-Zhytomiro-Berdichevskaya (24.12.43-14.01.44) kanye ne-Kirovograd ehlaselayo (05-16.01.1944) ngamandla omngcele we-1st nowe-2 we-Ukraine. Esikhathini sabo, i-White Church, iBerchechev, Novograd-Volynsky, iRadomyshl yakhululwa.

12/31/1943 - uZhytomyr waphinde wakhululwa. Lolu suku alukhunjulwa kulo muzi. Ukuhlonipha ukukhululwa kweZhytomyr eMoscow kuyabingelela kusukela ngezibhamu ezingu-224.

08.01.1944 - usuku lokukhululwa kwe-Kirovograd.

Ngo-11.01.1944 ibutho lethu lase liqhube phambili phambili futhi lafika eVinnitsa, eZhmerinka, eZhashkova nase-Uman.

Ukuze kube nokuphefumula, amabutho anikezwe umyalelo wokumisa ukuhlaselwa nokugcina izikhundla zokuzivikela kuze kube nguJanuwari 16.

Umsebenzi we-Korsun-Shevchenko

Lo msebenzi waba yisigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi we-Dnieper-Carpathian. Kwabanjwa kusukela ngo-24: 00 kuya ku-17.02.1944. Amandla e-1st and 2nd fronts ahlanganyela kulezi zimpi. Ukulandelana kwesikhathi sokukhululwa kwezindawo ezisuka kuma-fascists:

26.01.1944 - Kapitonovka, Rossokhovatna,

January 27 - Shpola, Amanzi, Lipyanka, Mezhyhirya,

January 28 - Zvenigorodka, Steblev,

Januwari 30 - Kvitki,

February 06 - Olszak,

09 Febhuwari - Indawo yokuhlala yasendulo,

Februwari 14 - iKorsun-Shevchenko.

Impi yayinzima kakhulu. AmaJalimane aphikisana kakhulu, ngakho impumelelo yafakwa esikhundleni sokunqotshwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuhlinzwa kwaphuza, ngakho-ke umlawuli we-1st Front Vatutin wasuswa, futhi endaweni yakhe umyalo oqokiwe uGeneral Konev.

Phakathi nohlelo lweKorsun-Shevchenko, amasosha angu-47 000 aseJalimane ayezungezwe. Ngo-Ephreli 17, isitha saqala ukuphumelela kwi "cauldron". Nakuba ingxenye encane yamaJalimane isaphuma, impi enkulu yahlukunyezwa. Sekuphelele, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, amasosha angu-80 000 aseSoviet abulawe. Ukuze uphumelele ukusebenza, uKonev wanikwa isikhundla seMarshal of the Soviet Union.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Red Army ngoFebhuwari-Ephreli 1944

Ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kwabahlaseli bamaNazi kwaqhubeka. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli, ibutho le-USSR lenza amaphuzu amaningi aphumelelayo, ngenxa yokuthi cishe yonke i-Right Bank yase-Ukraine yahlulwa abahlaseli baseJalimane.

Umsebenzi weRivne-Lutsk wenziwa ngamabutho e-Front 1st kusukela ngo-27.01 kuya ku-11.02.44 Ngenxa yezimpi eside ngoFebruwari 2, uLutsk noRivne basuswa amaJalimane, no-11.02 kanye ne-strategic point Shepetivka.

I-30.01-29.02.44 - I-Nikopol-Krivoy Rog ihlasele, izingxenye ze-3 kanye ne-4 zase-Ukraine zibambe iqhaza. Belwa emagqumeni aseKrivorozhsky naseNikopol. Lezi zindawo zazibaluleke kakhulu kwi-fascist yaseJalimane, ngoba lapha kuqhutshwa amaminerali ensimbi kanye ne-manganese ore. UNikopol wadedelwa ngoFebhuwari 8, noKrivoy Rog - ngo-22.

04.03-17.04 kanye no-05.03-17.04.44 kwenziwa imisebenzi emibili: iPskurovo-Chernovitskaya noMansko-Botoshanskaya. Amasosha emiphakathini yokuqala neyesibili ye-Ukraine ayebandakanyeka kuwo. Kuboshwe: 10.03 - Uman, 15.03 - Dubno, 18.03 - Zhmerinka, 19.03 - Mogilev-Podolsky, 20.03 - Vinnitsa, 21.03 - Khmilnik, 23.03 - Chortkiv, 26.03 - Beltsy, 29.03 - Chernivtsi. Amasosha ethu ngokushesha athatha umfula uPutut futhi awela emingcele yaseRomania. Uhlangothi olungakwesokudla lwe-Ukrainian Front Front lwafika eduze kakhulu nasemagqumeni aseCarpathians.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impi yayiqhutshwa ngaseningizimu. Kusukela ngo-06 kuya ku-18 Mashi amabutho ase-Ukrainian Front Front enza umsebenzi waseBereznegovato-Snigirevskaya, ngenxa yalokho isitha satshitshiswa ekungeneni kwe-Southern Bug ne-Ingulza, kanti izindawo eziningi zadedelwa kuma-fascists. 18.03.44 Amasosha ethu aya eNikolav, ekhishwe ngoMashi 28. Ngo-Ephreli 10, 1944, ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-Odessa, ichweba elikhulu laseLwandle LwaseMnyama, i-Odessa, lakhululwa. Usuku lokukhululeka kwe-Ukraine lwalusondela.

Ehlangothini olusentshonalanga

Kusukela ngo-13.07 kuya ku-29.08.44, ukulwa okushisayo kwakubanjwe ngokuhlanganyela kwamasosha e-1st kanye ne-4th border e-Ukraine ngenkululeko ye-Western Ukraine. Idolobha laseGalich likhishwe ngoJulayi 24. Ngokusekelwa abasePoland abahlanganyeli, ngoJulayi 27, amabutho aseSoviet athatha uStanislav, uLviv noPeremyshl. Isiteji sokuqala salesi sigameko sagcwaliswa.

Isigaba sesibili saqala ngobusuku bukaJulayi 28 ngenhlangano ehlaselayo yamasosha aseSoviet ogwini loMfula iVistula. Impi yayinzima, kuwo wonke amadolobha namadolobhana amasosha alwa kakhulu, iStvka wasebenzisa wonke amabutho okugcina. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Agasti 29 kwakhiwa i-Sandomir bridgehead eningi kakhulu. Futhi imini nobusuku amabutho ethu alwela ukubamba imigqa nokukhuliswa okuqhubekayo kwebridgehead.

Isigaba sokugcina ekukhululweni kwe-Ukraine

Ukuze kukhululwe amaCarpathians ne-Transcarpathian Ukraine, i-4th Front Front yayihilelekile. Kanye namayunithi e-First Ukrainian Front, waqala ukuhlambalaza ekuqondeni kweCarpathian. Ukuqhubeka phambili kwanciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokucindezela kwenhlangano yaseHungary. Phakathi nenkani enenkani ngo-Agasti 5, 1944, idolobha likaStyi lakhululwa, ngo-Agasti 6 - Drogobych.

Ezindaweni ezinamapulangwe aseCarpathians kwakunzima ukulwa, amasosha ayekhathele, kwakungekho izikhali ezanele. Kulezi zimo, iStvka yayala kusukela ngo-Agasti 15 amasosha e-4 Front of Ukraine ukuba athathe isikhundla sokuzivikela. Endlunkulu enkulu, okwamanje, ukuthuthukiswa okuyisimangalo kwakusungulwa.

Phakathi nokuhlinzwa kwe-Eastern Carpathian kusukela ngo-08: 09 kuya ku-28.10.44 lonke elaseWestern Ukraine lahlulwa abahlaseli. Manje yonke i-SSR yase-Ukraine yavela mahhala. I-Soviet Army kulo msebenzi yalahlekelwa amasosha angaba ngu-300 000, izibhamu ezingaba ngu-2 000, amathangi angaphezu kuka-1 000 nezindiza ezingaba ngu-300.

10/28/1944 - usuku lokukhululwa kwe-Ukraine kumaNazi.

Futhi umhlaba

Okthoba 28 kwenzeka yokukhululwa Ukraine ngo-1944. Abantu wabingelela ngenjabulo Bakhululi. indawo Ukrainian baqothulwa 2/3, umkhakha Lezokulima isidingo ivuswe cishe zero ezingeni. Phinda ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi esalibele, uhulumeni ezibiyele akafuni ukubuyela izindawo zezimboni ukuthi zivumelane ngokuphelele esezinzile empumalanga zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Donbass kuphela wathola isizinda sezimali kabusha izitshalo zayo. Le mpi yenziwa usaqhubeka, ngakho steel namalahle babe isisetshenziswa osendaweni kubalulekile ngaphambili. Iningi lamadoda anamandla yayisempini, ngakho wasebenza ikakhulukazi abesifazane kanye nentsha. amabutho azo ekuqaleni, futhi kamuva ngosizo amasosha ababuya empini Ukraine ngokoqobo yavuka emlotheni.

Ngo-2014, sigubhe iminyaka engu-70 wenkululeko Ukraine kusukela kweJalimane. Veterans ahlonishwe abeke izimbali esinqeni lesikhumbuzo ukuze abafileyo, ukuthula umzuzu sika wajeziswa ngokushaya waze washona ngo-okuhlushwa. Ukukhulula Ukraine kubahlaseli amaNazi awuzange sithathwe kalula. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane amasosha babulawa ukulwa, ukuthula efanayo Ukraine baye bongazimbi besahlulelo German. ubuqhawe babo, isibindi, uthando lokuzidela ngenxa wobaba kanye usuku olujabulisayo wenkululeko Ukraine akufanele ilibaleke.