Uyazi ukuthi iyiphi i-dinosaur enkulu emhlabeni?

Kwase kuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bekungabaza ngokuthi yiliphi i-dinosaur enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-predator enkulu kunazo zonke yi-titanosaurus. Noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi kanye nokuthola okwenzekile, kwenzeka ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Okwamanje, ama-dinosaurs amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni angama-Diplodocus. Bathuthele ama-titanosaurs, ama-gigantosaurs kanye no-tyrannosaurs endaweni yesibili, eyake yaqashelwa njengeyona enkulu kunazo zonke.

Dinosaurs izidalwa eziyingqayizivele. Ngeshwa, akekho kubo owasinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Singafunda ngalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo kuphela ekuthungeni. Ehunyushwe kusuka esiGrithini, igama elithi "dinosaur" lisho "i-creepy lizard". Kodwa emva kwakho konke, kuyiqiniso: uma ubheka ngokucophelela, isilwane singumfanekiso omncane we-dinosaur enkulu. Zine-skeleton efanayo, ne-scaly isikhumba phezulu, nezinye izici zesakhiwo somzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-dinosaurs ayeyizilwane ezimbi kakhulu ezinamandla amakhulu. Uma namuhla izidalwa ezinjalo zivela eMhlabeni, zingabangela ukwesaba nokwesaba phakathi kwabantu.

Ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi lezi zilwane ezinkulu zakhiwe eMhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-160 edlule ngesikhathi seMesozoic. Ukuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs kuyingxenye "yokuqothulwa okukhulu", lapho kusemhlabeni izidalwa eziningi ezihlukene zanyamalala: izilwanyana ezindizayo, ama-mollusks, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zasolwandle nezinye.

Njengoba kwashiwo, ngokuphelele ama-dinosaurs ayengamaqhinga amakhulu, okuyinto okunzima ukucabanga kubantu banamuhla, kodwa phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abahlukumezi bezingoma.

I-dinosaur yokuqala futhi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngokunembile, izinsalela zayo zitholakale ngo-1815 eStonesfield, esifundeni sase-Oxfordshire. Ngokusho kososayensi, izingcezu zomhlathi namathambo zathola ukuthi zingezomlenze omkhulu wezilwane zaseSauria. Lokhu kwamenyezelwa ngo-1824 emhlanganweni owawubanjwe yiRoyal Geological Society, uprofesa wezemvelo e-Oxford University.

Kusukela ngo-2007, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-dinosaur enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni-futalnkosaur (Latin Futalognkosaurus). Izinsalela zalesi silo zitholakala cishe eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili emva kokutholakala kwedinosaur yokuqala, ngo-2007, e-Argentina, esifundazweni saseNeuquén. Njengoba izazi ze-paleontologists ziphakamisa, zingokwesiqhema sezitanosaurs. Cishe, wahamba emhlabeni wonke cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-85 edlule. Igama layo livela emazwini amabili: i-futa ne-lognko. Ekuhunyushweni okuvela olimini lwamaNdiya, abahlala ensimini yeChile ne-Argentina, basho "i-giant main". Ngokusho kososayensi, i-giant yafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-34 ubude. Isisindo saso sithiwa amathani angama-80.

Kodwa-ke, ngo-2010, izinhlobo ezintsha zaziswa emhlabeni jikelele - amphicelia (Latin Amphicoelias). Lezi zinhlobo zingezomndeni we-Diplodocus. Ngokusho kwedatha yesayensi, namuhla yiyona dinosaur enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukutholakala kwalesi sidalwa kwenziwa ekwakheni iMorrison, ensimini yomfula iBighorn. Ngeshwa, umphumela kuphela walokho okutholwe - isigaxa se-vertebra - yawa ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo yokuhlanza futhi ayisinda kuze kube namuhla. Namuhla kusukela ebufakazini bokuthi kukhona khona kukhona umdwebo kuphela. Akumangazi ukuthi ubukhulu, futhi ngempela ukuba khona kwalokhu, kubangele ukungabaza.

Kodwa uma i-amphicelia ikhona, akuyona kuphela i-dinosaur enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa futhi isidalwa esikhulu kunazo zonke esiyaziwayo. Ubude bayo babungamamitha angu-40-60, futhi isisindo - kufika kumathani angu-150. Ngokusho kwalezi zinsuku, kuvela ukuthi i-amphicelia iphindwe kabili ngobude be- whale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ide kunamamitha ayi-10 ubude be-futoglococusaurus, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyona dinosaur enkulu kunazo zonke ngaphambi kwayo.

Ososayensi abahlali lapho. Kuze kube manje, imibono isivele ishicilelwe ukuthi kwakukhona futhi ama-dinosaurs amakhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-bruhatkaiozavr, owahlala eMhlabeni ngesikhathi se- Cretaceous.