Izimpi kweMpi Yezwe II. imisebenzi Ukhiye yamasu Red Army eMpini Yezwe II

IMpi Yezwe II kwesokunxele emlandweni wonke abantu kancane. Lena esesabekayo ngempela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi esikhulu ushintshe emhlabeni nangale ukuqashelwa. Cishe wonke amazwe udlala indima yayo empini. Ngoba uthi ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union neMpi Yezwe II ophethe endaweni ekhethekile emlandweni. Waze unegama ezahlukene - yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Le nkathi emlandweni Ngempela kwakuyisikhathi senguquko abantu Russia yesimanje, Ukraine, eBelarus nakwamanye amazwe zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Lokhu impi kwaba uvivinyo lwangempela enesibindi, isibindi entandweni yabantu omkhulu Soviet.

Ibutho laseSoviet ikufakazele efaneleyo yayo futhi bangasephula ngisho ubuso kuyisitha esibi ezifana yamaSoviet, nobuNazi.

Kuze kube manje, nezazi-mlando ezingenamandla izingxoxo njalo mayelana yezimpi ezinkulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Abaningi amaqiniso namanje abazange ludaluliwe, ngenxa "uthando olukhulu 'izimfihlo uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Noma kunjalo, singasethemba ukuhlukanisa izigaba eziyinhloko futhi izimpi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kodwa, ngaphambi kokuba ukuchaza kubo, kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule izizathu okuyinto wahola empini phakathi kaHitler eJalimane futhi USSR kaStalin.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - Izimbangela

Njengoba sazi, 1 Septhemba 1939 kwaqalwa umsebenzi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. I yokukhuphuka eyinhloko ingxabano kwaba ingxenye yeJalimane eNtshonalanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaNazi aseJalimane bebeye injalo classical. amandla kaHitler kwaba angenamkhawulo. Nakuba le onekhono umholi we de empeleni waba iqale impi ngo-bonke States, iSoviet Union kwaba ekujaheni ukungena kukho ngenxa inhlanganiso "nonintervention."

Wayelethwa ngemvume Agasti 23, 1939. Inkontileka langinika sengqondo hlangothi eU.SSR empini, okuyoholela eJalimane ngokumelene aseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kwathiwa evunywe ekubambisaneni ngokuya ihogela imisebenzi namanye amazwe. Womabili amaqembu ayenqatshelwe iqhaza izinyunyana, okuyinto ngandlela-thile kuphambene izithakazelo zabo. Ukuze "ukubekezelelana" ezinjalo yeSoviet Union, Germany waphoqeleka ukubuyela ingxenye yendawo yawo alahlekile. Kukhona olandelwayo imfihlo lapho amaqembu wenza division ukubhuka kwamandla eMpumalanga Yurophu Poland. Empeleni, lesi sivumelwano sasayinwa sinombono eminye ukusungula mutual nokubuswa kwezwe. Kodwa kube nenkinga eyodwa. Zisuka nje, Germany akafuni ukuthula neSoviet Union. Yiqiniso, kwaba kunenzuzo kuzo lapho kusaqalwa kwempi, kodwa ayikho into ukubusa mutual wayengeyena mbuzo.

Isinyathelo esithuthukile eJalimane kungenziwa kuphela ezichazwe izwi elilodwa - umbuso. Lokhu kuthutha sneaky okubangelwa izimpi olukhulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. On 22 June 1941, iJalimane ngokusemthethweni ihlasela i-USSR. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngokulandelayo, sicabanga impi oyinhloko ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, okuyinto zidlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni kwalesi sikhathi.

Impi yase-Moscow

amabutho Wehrmacht wasebenzisa amacebo athile okuhlaselayo. ukuhlaselwa kwabo kusekelwe nokuxhumana wonke amabutho ahlomile. isitha umlilo Okokuqala ngaphansi emoyeni onamandla. Ukuze izindiza baphuthuma amathangi ukuthi ngokoqobo ashisiwe amabutho esitha. Ekupheleni waqala ukusebenza kwawo elihamba German. Nge leli qhinga amabutho esitha, eliholwa uJenene Bock, wayeseyitholile balibangisa maphakathi iSoviet Union ngo-September 1941 - I-Moscow. Ekuqaleni ukuqala Army German ayenezigaba 71,5, lokulandisa cishe ku-1.7 million abantu. Futhi e ngezithako zawo, kwakukhona 1,800 amathangi, 15.100 izibhamu, 1300 izindiza. Ngokusho la izinkomba, ohlangothini-German owayemkhulu kubo Soviet cishe kahlanu.

September 30, 1941 amaJalimane ukuqala i okuhlaselayo ku Moscow. Kusukela izigaba zokuqala eMoscow ukuhlasela amaviyo Wehrmacht wahlupheka ukushiyeka abalulekile. Kakade Okthoba 17, ibutho laseSoviet iphansi kwesandla sika-Zhukov ukumisa okuhlaselayo, ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa "Operation iSiphepho". Ngo anemiya amabutho esitha wahlala kuphela umsele impi, ngakho ngo-January 1942, amaJalimane ahlulwa futhi axoshwa emuva amakhilomitha 100 abavela eMoscow. Lokhu kunqoba kuye kwaqeda inganekwane ayenganqobeki bebutho sokudumisa sika. Moscow waba yingqopha-mlando okwadingeka zinqotshwe endleleni ukuze siwuphumelele. Ibutho lamaJalimane ayizange abhekana ngayo umsebenzi, ngakho impi Hitler ekugcineni elahlekile. Kodwa le mpi ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe akugcini lapho. Ngezansi sizobheka ngempela senguquko le mpi yomhlaba wonke.

Impi yase-kwaseStalingrad

Namuhla kungenzeka zabela izenzakalo, aziwa ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. KwaseStalingrad kuyinto zaguquka, okwaphumela uchungechunge kwezithiyo nokuqeda Army German. Battle of kwaseStalingrad isikhathi kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: isiqalo esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo. Julayi 17, 1942 waqala impi odumile kwaseStalingrad. Kulesi sigaba, amabutho aseJalimane efika ezokwakha endaweni yedolobha. Ibutho laseSoviet kuze kube muva nje, wayengafuni ukuba athathe. ISoviet Union amabutho elaliholwa uLieutenant General Vatutin futhi Marshal Timoshenko. Bakwazi thwebula ngokuphelele amaJalimane kodwa amabutho aseSoviet sebephila. Edolobheni babevame njalo nokuhilizisana amaqembu amancane amasosha aseSoviet nesiJalimane. Ngokwe-Umlando Veterans: "Ngo-kwaseStalingrad kwaba esihogweni ophilayo." Kokunye Eminyuziyamu Volgograd (wangaphambili kwaseStalingrad) kugcinwa ngokwanele abonise ezithakazelisayo: amachashazi awela nomunye ukuthi. Lokhu kuyinkomba we ukushuba impi edolobheni. Ngokuphathelene ukubaluleka amasu, awusebenzi empeleni zikhona. Lokhu edolobheni kwakubalulekile Hitler njengomholi iwuphawu lwamandla kaStalin. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwadingeka ukuba, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, uyigcine. Lokho kusho ukuthi idolobha elaba isikhungo ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo ngesikhathi lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe zenzeka. The Battle of kwaseStalingrad ukuvumele ukuhlola bese uqhathanisa amandla titans ezimbili ngemibono kwekhulu XX.

I balwe at kwaseStalingrad

Ibutho lamaJalimane, eliholwa uJenene Pawulu, ngesikhathi esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo bezingaphansi abantu 1.010.600, amathangi 600, 1,200 ukulwa izindiza futhi mayelana 10,000 izibhamu. YiSoviet Union kwaba cishe inani elifanayo amasosha futhi nezempi. amabutho Obalulekile ukuthi wadonsa ungakithi ngesikhathi livinjezelwe, bavunyelwe Novemba 20, ngo-1942 kuya azilwele azungeze amaJalimane.

Ngu Ebusuku ngo-January 31, 1943 kwaseStalingrad iqembu German ukuthi iqedwe. Le miphumela kufezekiswe sibonga umsebenzi ehlelekile we nezimpi ezinkulu ezintathu zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Battle of kwaseStalingrad udumo ziyingxenye nezinye izimpi ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngoba lo mcimbi kakhulu kubukela phansi ngamandla ibutho lamaJalimane. Ngamanye amazwi, ngemva kwaseStalingrad, Germany wayengakwazi ukuvuselela amandla ayo ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umyalo German akakwazanga ukubona ukuthi edolobheni ayovela imvelo. Kodwa okwenzekile, futhi izenzakalo ezalandela ziye zashintsha hhayi esivuna sokudumisa.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe: The Battle of eKursk

Ngemva kwezenzakalo emzini kwaseStalingrad, ibutho lamaJalimane akazange neze ayeke ukuhlala alulame, Nokho-ke namanje kuyingozi enkulu. On the eKursk Bulge (kwakhiwa front line emva kokunqoba kwaseStalingrad), amabutho aseJalimane selibuthile isamba esikhulu amabutho azo. Uhlangothi Soviet wayeya ubambe ukuhlaselwa enamandla emzini eKursk. Esikhathini kusaqalwa amabutho aseJalimane kwadingeka kunqoba okukhulu. They phatha lezo ojenene ezidumile German njengoba uMnu Kluge futhi Manstein. Umsebenzi oyinhloko amabutho aseSoviet kwaba ukuvimbela ukukhuthazwa "Isikhungo" ibutho elisha maphakathi nezwe amaNazi. Isimo kwashintsha ngokuphelele Julayi 12, 1943.

Prokhorovskaya Battle 1943

Izimpi Omkhulu kweMpi Yezwe II babe ezingalindelekile. Enye yalezi izimpi kuyinto ethangini ngxabano eduze nedolobhana Prokhorovka. Kwaba khona abangu-amathangi kuka 1,000 nezibhamu self ezinezinjini kusuka zombili. Ngemva le mpi imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani eziyoba khona impi, akukho. Ibutho lamaJalimane lanqotshwa, nakuba ayengafiki kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngemva Prokhorov impi amabutho aseSoviet bakwazi ukuthatha okuhlaselayo emikhulu kuleli Sifundazwe futhi laseKharkov. Lokhu empeleni uphela indaba eKursk ngxabano, iningi emikhulu impi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, iSoviet Union ukuthi yavulela ekunqotshweni Berlin.

Ukuthwebula Berlin ngo-1945

ukusebenza Berlin abadlale indima yokugcina umlando ngxabano German namaSoviet. Inhloso iqhube kwaba ukunqotshwa zamabutho isiJalimane, okuyinto kwakhiwa eduze kwedolobha Berlin.

Eduze edolobheni behlaliswe ibutho "Isikhungo" iqembu, kanye iqembu lezempi "Vistula" iphansi kwesandla sika-Heinrici futhi Scherner. Kusukela eSoviet Union usebenze njengomahluleli ibutho etincenyeni letintsatfu iphansi kwesandla sika-Marshal Zhukov, Konev futhi Rokossovsky. Berlin saphela ukuthunjwa Zinikeleni German-May 9, 1945.

Le mpi oyinhloko ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kulesigaba kuyaqedwa. Kakade nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, okungukuthi, ngo-September 2, 1945, iMpi Yezwe II yaphela.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni lalibhekwa impi ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Uhlu kungenziwa kulekelelwa nezinye izenzakalo ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo nabadumile, kodwa lesi sihloko kuveza kwempi enkulukazi kunazo nangenakulibaleka. Kuze kube manje, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucabanga umuntu ngeke ukwazi feat esikhulu amasosha aseSoviet.