Izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia, abameleli izinkomba etemibhalo

Izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia lihlotshaniswa zezimbali okusheshayo isiko. Ukuphakamisa ezibalulekile izinqubo zomlando bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini engafiyo abalobi kanye izimbongi. Lesi sihloko lunikezelwe amalungu Yokuchuma izincwadi Russian kanye izinkomba main kwalesi sikhathi.

izenzakalo zomlando

Izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia uye okubangelwa ezifana amagama omkhulu njengoba Baratynsky, ubaba, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, Fet, ulimi, Tiutchev. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, Pushkin. izenzakalo zomlando Eduze kwaphawulwa le nkathi. On ukuthuthukiswa nephrozi Russian kanye izinkondlo wathonywa Nempi Patriotic ka 1812, futhi lapho kufa Napoleon okukhulu, kanye nokugcinwa impilo Byron. Sekuyisikhathi eside Imbongi eyiNgisi, kanye umlawuli isiFulentshi, balidla izingqondo zabantu wamavukelambuso-nomqondo eRussia. Ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists futhi empini Russian-Turkish, kanye Echoes of the French Revolution, ukusabalalisa kuzo zonke izingxenye Europe - Zonke lezizenzakalo babé kulethe enamandla engcono nemibono.

Nakuba emazweni asentshonalanga bafeza ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso baqala ukuvela nomoya inkululeko nokulingana, Russia waqinisa ngamandla alo monarchical, kubulawe Decembrists futhi ucindezele kuvukela. Kwakungeke kuvesane ahlale ngaphandle ukunakwa abaculi, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi. Lezo zincwadi yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia - bubhalwe imicabango nokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo kwezakhi eziphambili emphakathini.

classicism

Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwalo tebuciko ukuqonda isitayela kwezobuciko, okuyinto wayevela e-Europe, isiko kwesigamu ngekhulu XVIII yesibili. Izici eziyinhloko ke - kungcono rationalism nokulandela canons esiqinile. Izicelo Eziya Kuziphathimandla amafomu lasendulo nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano Three Ones ezahlukene kanye classicism kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia. Nokho, Literature, kule isitayela kwezobuciko ekuqaleni kwekhulu waqala ukuthatha izikhundla zabo. Classicism kancane kancane esikhundleni izinkomba ezifana sentimentalism, romanticism.

Master yokukhuluma wobuciko eqala ukudala imisebenzi yabo izinhlobo ezintsha. Zaba imisebenzi othandwayo kuleli isitayela inoveli zomlando, indaba yothando, ballad, ODE, inkondlo, landscape, zefilosofi futhi uthando isosha esihlatshelelwayo.

okwangempela

Izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia okhathazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi igama Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Eduzane namathathu banesifo esibi emsebenzini wakhe enendawo eqinile matasa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba enengqondo. Kumele ukuthi umsunguli wale nhlangano etemibhalo eRussia yaqanjwa Pushkin.

Journalism futhi ukubhinqa

Ezinye izici ze-isiko eYurophu ekhulwini le-18 ngofuzo izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia. Kafushane, ungakwazi ukuhlonza izici eziyinhloko izinkondlo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba lesi sikhathi - satirical futhi lesibonwa. Ethambekele ziveza imikhuba emibi abantu nobuthakathaka umphakathi kubonakala ngemisebenzi abalobi owadala imisebenzi yabo kule forties. Ngo kwemibhalo kamuva kunqunywa mkhuba tetemibhalo, ndawonye abalobi nephrozi satirical futhi lesibonwa. "Isikole Yemvelo" - Lalingubani igama lesi sitayela kwezobuciko, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi Nokho, ebizwa nge- "isikole Gogol." Okunye bale ukunyakaza etemibhalo - Nekrasov, Dal, waseHerzen, Turgenev.

ukugxekwa

Imibono yamaKhomanisi yalokhu "isikole yemvelo 'kubonakaliswa kanjani nomcwaningi Belinsky. Ezilahla futhi ekuqedeni imikhuba emibi babé izimiso abamele bale nhlangano etemibhalo. Isici nobuntu emsebenzini wabo abe eyayidingida izinkinga zezenhlalakahle. izinhlobo ezinkulu - indzaba, inoveli zenhlalo nezengqondo futhi indaba emphakathini.

Izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia uye savela bedle imisebenzi izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene. Kwaba kwikota yokuqala yaleli khulu leminyaka, kwakukhona nokwanda okuphawulekayo emkhakheni lesibonwa. A umthelela omkhulu inqubo tetemibhalo has Belinsky. Le ndoda kwadingeka ikhono okungavamile ukuzizwa isipho senkondlo. Yena waqala ukuqaphela ithalenta Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky.

Pushkin futhi Gogol

Russia nezincwadi zokufunda 19-20 ekhulwini kungaba zihluke kakhulu, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke ngakho elikhanyayo ngaphandle kwalezi abalobi ababili. Bona baba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni temibhalo yephrozi. Futhi izinto eziningi eziye zazisa ku izincwadi, baba kwezinkambiso classical. Pushkin futhi Gogol hhayi kuphela athuthukile isiqondiso ezifana okwangempela, kodwa futhi wadala brand izitayela ezintsha kwezobuciko. Omunye wabo - umfanekiso "ndoda omncane", okuyinto kamuva lakhiwe hhayi kuphela imisebenzi abalobi isiRashiya, kodwa futhi izincwadi angaphandle, yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye eminyaka lwamashumi amabili.

Lermontov

Lo mbhali wezinkondlo futhi waba nethonya elikhulu elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo Russian. Phela, ukudalwa into efana "iqhawe isikhathi." Ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya, sesiye hhayi kuphela ezincwadini, kodwa futhi ekuphileni komphakathi. Lermontov futhi iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo kule noveli ngokwengqondo.

Yonke inkathi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, amagama adumile ubuntu abanamakhono omkhulu, owayesebenza emkhakheni izincwadi (kokubili temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kanye izinkondlo). abalobi Russian ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili, bathatha ngodlí i-uquketheni abanye ozakwethu Western. Kodwa ngenxa gxuma elibukhali ukuthuthukiswa isiko nobuciko izincwadi Russian classical ngenxa kwaba umyalelo ezidlula ephakeme ukwedlula ke eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Umsebenzi we Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky futhi Gogol yaba yingxenye empucukweni yomhlaba. Imisebenzi abalobi Russian babé oyisibonelo, bancika kamuva isiJalimane, British kanye nababhali American.