Izinhlelo esisheshayo ka Salvo umlilo eRussia

Kusukela ezinsukwini Katyusha abadumile isishintshe kakhulu. Battle amacebo, izikhali, neyobuzwe ... Kodwa amaningi iziqhumane Russia kube yilolu suku kubaluleke kakhulu empini. Ngosizo lwabo, ungakwazi aphonse amagobolondo of namandla amakhulu obhubhisayo amashumi amakhilomitha, libhubhisa ukukhubaza izindawo ezinezivikelo eziqinile, isitha izimoto armored kanye nezisebenzi.

Izwe lethu usesikhundleni okuholela emkhakheni yentuthuko MLRS: njalo ngcono ukuthuthukiswa amasampula abadala nabasha kwezikhali. Namuhla sibheka lokho izinhlelo Salvo umlilo eRussia namuhla ayatholakala kwi Army arsenal.

"Grad"

MRL 122mm. Yakhelwe ukubhubhisa izisebenzi isitha, akude kulungiselelwa minefields, ekubhubhiseni izikhundla ezinezivikelo eziqinile lesitha. Ungakwazi ukubhekana ukukhanya naphakathi izimoto zempi. Lapho edala umshini esetshenziswa chassis "Ural-4320", okuyinto has iziqondiso ukuze 122mm ubukhulu projectiles. Ahambisa izinhlamvu kuya "Castle" kungaba kunoma iyiphi umshini ukuthi unesikhathi usayizi ofanele.

Isibalo Umhlahlandlela ukuze akhe amagobolondo - izingcezu 40, wahlela kwezinhlu ezine izicucu eziyishumi ngalinye. Fire ungentiwa kokubili isibhamu esisodwa futhi volley besikhashana, okuyinto ethatha ngomzuzu esingaphansi (imizuzwana 20). ububanzi Maximum - kuze kube 20,5 amakhilomitha. indawo ethintekayo amahektheli ezine. "Grad" kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngempumelelo ngendlela ebanzi lokushisa ububanzi: -50 kuya +50 degrees Celsius.

ukulawula umlilo kungenzeka esusela abanikeze asebenza nabo nangaphandle, futhi ngo-mBhalo, ukubala isebenzisa zangaphandle yezintambo elawulwa kude (ububanzi - kuze kufinyelele ngamamitha 50). Kusukela nabaqambi ozinikezele ukuhlangana esingaguquguquki amagobolondo kusukela iziqondiso, ukulwa umshini kuqhathaniswa ngiqhaqhazela kancane ngesikhathi sokudubula. Ukuletha ukufakwa azithole esesikhundleni labadubuli kuthatha akukho kuka imizuzu emithathu noma emine. I chassis kungaba fording afika ku elilodwa amamitha isigamu ukujula.

ukulwa isicelo

Sikuphi wasebenzisa lezi izinhlelo Salvo umlilo eRussia? Okokuqala, bebhapathizwa komlilo okwenzeka emuva e-Afghanistan. Kanjani ukukhumbula abasindile ngaphansi umlilo mujahideen (nalabo ayembalwa kakhulu): "Emhlabeni wabusa esihogweni, kwamagade sathandwa lifika esibhakabhakeni. Sasicabanga ukuthi kwase kuwukuphela kwezwe. ' Ukufakwa eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi nemikhankaso ezimbili Chechen, ngesikhathi "impi eights ezintathu" ngesikhathi ephoqa Georgia ekuthuleni.

Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho lokuqala usebenzisa lezi, bese izitshalo namanje imfihlo Amukelwa kahle la ma phambi Wachaza izenzakalo. Kwathi ngesikhathi nesehlakalo enhlonhlweni Sino-Soviet, kamuva bethola China. Lapho kuqala igagasi amabutho Chinese yesibili ayesengayigcina ukugqekeza insimu yalo futhi bathole ukusizakala khona, ukuze usebenzise "Grad" wanikezwa. Ekuqaleni iSoviet Union ngo-jikelele Bengifuna ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi, kodwa kwakukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana ukusabela umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa kwanele ukuthi PLA: Salvo okuhloswe inqwaba "Grad" umane eshayisa le ucezu indawo phikisa.

Indlela abaningi babulawa Chinese, ngokuqinisekile ngeke ukwazi. izinduna LaseSoviet yayicabanga ukuthi insimu, inhlonhlo ye-sekudlule abantu okungenani ibe yizinkulungwane ezintathu. Kunoma ikuphi, abasindile engaqiniseki.

isimo yamanje

Namuhla-ke kubhekwa ukuthi "Grad" Kuwukuziphatha okungalungile futhi ngobuchwepheshe yisikhathi. Eziningi zalezi imishini, okuyinto manje enkonzweni nebutho yethu ezigugile cishe ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje kukhona kabusha saturation amabutho MLRS zabo "Tornado". Kodwa i- "Oldies" namanje kude is hhayi kuqeda. Iqiniso lokuthi eMnyango Wezokuvikela namanje ufuna ukushiya e ibutho kahle kungase kutholakale, imoto ezishibhile futhi ephumelelayo.

Kule ndaba, iphrojekthi ekhethekile yesikhathi sesimanje kanye ukuletha ingqondo yesimanje ukusebenza kahle. Ikakhulukazi, imodeli ubudala ekugcineni kwaba namasimu evamile uhlelo satellite navigation, kanye "Baguette" ikhompyutha, olawula inqubo yokuqalisa projectiles. Kwalezi ziqinisekiso ezempi, inqubo update kuqhathaniswa ingenuous waya "Grad" inzuzo, njengoba ikhono abo ezempi selingaphezu izikhathi eziningana.

Le nqubo ibizwa esetshenziswa wonke amaqembu ukuba ukungqubuzana ensimini Ukraine. Afrika ukuba nenkani abathola amaningi rocket isiqalisi izinhlelo ezazivela eSoviet Union, futhi athande lolu isikhali. Ngamafuphi, ezindawo ukusatshalaliswa iyunithi has elikhulu. Yilokhu Waphawuleka simiso volley umlilo "Grad". "Smerch" wukuthi sizobe ukuchaza ngezansi, izikhathi eziningi ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi amandla esabekayo elimazayo.

"Smerch"

isikhali esesabekayo ngempela. Uma kuqhathaniswa, "Grad" akufane kahle ngempela efanayo engokwemvelo. Ijaji: baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi "Twister" - ukufakwa volley umlilo, okwakuyoholela ukufaka eziyinkimbinkimbi emfishane weza ngezikhali zenuzi.

Futhi they are kasibili kwesokudla. Ukusetha le e Salvo eyodwa nje "ihlanganisa" i yayenza ngokungacabangi 629 amahektha uhla labadubuli amakhilomitha kufika ku-70. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke. Namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezintsha ezicitshwayo ukuthi fly isiyi-engamakhulu amakhilomitha. Ngo isikwele, olwaluhlanganisa sezimiso Salvo umlilo eRussia, kwashiswa yonke into, kuhlanganise zempi esindayo. Njengomhlaba odlule MRL "Twister" ingasetshenziswa ehlukahlukene yasakazwa okushisa.

Njengoba iklanyelwe i-emikhulu ukucutshungulwa izikhundla isitha phambi okuhlaselayo, wabhubhisa bunkers eqinile ikakhulukazi futhi pillboxes, abhubhise lokuhlala ezinkulu amabutho esitha kanye izimoto isitha.

Chassis Umhlahlandlela ukuqalisa projectiles

I chassis kudalwa esekelwe wonke amasondo imoto MAZ-543. Ngokungafani "Castle", lokhu kulungiselelwa kuyingozi ukuba isitha yokuthi ukubunjwa ibhethri kuhlanganisa ukulawula umlilo uhlelo "Vivarium", okuvumela ukuba kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle eliphakeme, okuyinto ejwayelekile ngaphezulu emgqonyeni wezikhali izinhlelo kakhulu.

Lezi esisheshayo amaningi iziqhumane babe 12 komzila ijabulise ukuze akhe amagobolondo. Ngamunye wabo ukala 80 khilogremu, futhi 280 kulo bayizinkulungwane ophethe enamandla alufakwa. ukwakhiwa kwezikhali Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu isilinganiso kuyinto ekahle ezicitshwayo unguided, njengoba kuvumela ukuhlanganisa ngendlela munition booster enamandla futhi omkhulu Amandla okubhubhisa.

Futhi esinye isici "Smerch" projectiles. Sekuyisikhathi eside Abaklami wasebenza kuso, kodwa waqinisekisa ukuthi ababenza lowo engela kwesifo phansi kwaba-90 degrees. a "meteorite" ezinjalo kulula thunga ngokusebenzisa zonke MBT isitha probabilistic, futhi izakhiwo zikakhonkolo cishe ukuba singaweli emandleni ezinjalo. Okwamanje, ukukhiqizwa "Smerch" esisha zingazange zihlelelwe (cishe kunazo), kusukela lisemsebenzini bayobizwa Limiselelwe "Tornado" entsha.

Nokho, kukhona ezinye okungenzeka ukuthi izinhlelo ezindala isazoqhubeka ngaphansi sesimanje. Akungatshazwa ukuthi izinhlamvu zabo kungenzeka ukufaka izinhlobo ezintsha ezicitshwayo ngesiqondiso asebenzayo, ukuze amakhono ukulwa kohlelo futhi namuhla namanje kude yokukhathala.

Yini enye esinalo iziqhumane, iziqhumane?

"ISiphepho"

Yokutholwa 70s kwekhulu elidlule. ukusebenza Combat ithatha isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi "Castle" futhi "Twister." Ngakho, uhla esiphezulu ingamakhilomitha angu-35. Ngokuvamile, "iSiphepho" - amaningi iziqhumane, ukuklanywa izimiso eziningi okuye kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu namanje uholwe Onjiniyela izikhali ezinjalo ezweni lethu. Yena wadala umklami yakhe edumile Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich.

By endleleni ekhuluma, i- "iSiphepho" - ukufakwa volley umlilo, okuyinto yake eSoviet Union eziningi eside zilethwe Yemen, manje isiqala olunzulu ukulwa imisebenzi. Ngokuqinisekile thina maduze uthole ukuthi ngempumelelo kwafakazela inqubo ubudala Soviet empini. amabutho Russian ahlomile kanye "Grad" lalisetshenziswa njengezaba "iSiphepho" ngesikhathi sempi Afghanistan.

Futhi, ukufakwa eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi e Chechnya, futhi kamuva - kanye eGeorgia. Kunobufakazi bokuthi usebenzisa "iSiphepho" kanye labhujiswa ngokuphelele kukholamu phambili amathangi Georgian (ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, 'kwakuyizwe Grad ").

Isakhiwo

On the chassis sezwe umshini Zil 135LM-agibele amahhashi 16, iziqondiso ijabulise (ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuthi bayoba 20). Ukraine isikhathi sabo ukuthola kubo umshini athuthukiswe ngo okuwenza aqondane ku chassis yabo KrAZ Kremenchug. Ukwakheka egumbini nezisebenzi zalesi sihlahla siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Ngqo umshini 9P140.

• Ethutha kanye kulayishwa 9T452 amagobolondo.

• Setha nezinhlamvu.

• ukulawula umlilo umshini ezisekelwe ukufakwa 1V126 "Skit-B."

• Izimali zokufundisa nokuqeqesha sibalo.

• esiteshini 1T12-2M inhlolovo topographic.

• DF meteorology eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi 1B44.

• Isethi ephelele imishini namathuluzi 9F381 yakhelwe ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa imishini kusukela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Yini enye zinezikhathi amaningi iziqhumane Russia "iSiphepho"? kwakhiwa wezikhali ngxenye ku base Ukujikeleza equilibration indlela, futhi ibuye ifakwe actuators wokubacindezela futhi electromechanical. Massive iphakethe iziqondiso kungenziwa eyenga ku uhla kusuka degree angu-5 kuya ku-55.

I yokululama ovundlile engenziwa i-engela degrees 30 kuya kwesokudla kanye kwesokunxele eksisi eyinhloko imoto ukulwa. Ngakho ukuthi lapho kuphakama Salvo omkhulu ingozi zavalivanija chassis esindayo, ingxenye ngemuva lugs ezimbili ezinamandla enikeziwe. I eziyinkimbinkimbi nayo ifakwe amadivaysi embonweni wasebusuku ngakhoke kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ebumnyameni.

Okwamanje, Russian Armed Forces uye walondoloza yikhulu yale mishini. Cishe ukuze uthuthukise isihloko yabo ngeke abhalwe off ngokushesha uphelelwa lokulwa nsiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-MRL entsha isifakwe ku service, ohlanganisa zonke izinzuzo onobuhle ubudala.

"Tornado"

Lena - esimisweni esisha Salvo umlilo eRussia. Ukuthuthukisa yaqala ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi "Castle" ubudala, abakade kusevisi phezu engamashumi amane, bawadinga ngokuphuthumayo esikhundleni. Ngenxa umsebenzi okukhulu ukuthuthukiswa futhi kwakungekho nale moto.

Ngokungafani ababengaphambi zabo, rocket amaningi iziqhumane Russia "Tornado" lizidlula kude endaweni isiqondiso esiqondile sokudubula, njengoba engasebenzisa lemininingwane topographic ngobulili kusukela iziphuphutheki. Kodwa aligcini ngokuphendula lo MRL esiyingqayizivele asanda kusungulwa.

Iqiniso liwukuthi phambi umkhakha Soviet emsebenti ngamunye ukwakha ukufakwa ehlukile: Eqinisweni, nje ukuthi kwakukhona "zoo" Meteorological ngesimo "Grad", "Tornado" futhi "ISiphepho." Kodwa uhlelo lesimanje Russian amaningi iziqhumane ( "Tornado") bayokhululwa izinguqulo ezintathu, usebenzisa amagobolondo abo bonke imishini letintsatfu letichazwe lapha ngenhla. Kusolwa ukuthi abaklami ukwazi ngokushesha esikhundleni wezikhali iyunithi, ukuze chassis olulodwa ingasetshenziswa ezikhundleni ezehlukene.

amagobolondo entsha

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlelo odlule kwaba icala elilodwa ezinkulu ezihlobene ne uncontrollability nezinhlamvu. Uma sikubeka kalula, inkambo efanele yezikhali ezicitshwayo kakade ekhishwe bahluleka. Konke lokhu kungenxa ngempela efanelekayo izimpi wonke la mashumi eminyaka, kodwa esikhathini sagadesi Akwamukelekile kakade. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, i-"Tornado" ngikudalile izinhlobo ezintsha projectiles esisebenzayo optical kanye laser eqondiswa. Kusukela MLRS yaphenduka entsha ngokuphelele, isikhali esiyingozi ngokwedlulele.

Ngakho, yesimanje Russian rocket sezimiso volley umlilo manje uma kuqhathaniswa ukusebenza zezinhlobo ephelele iningi wezikhali ezivamile, ukushaya igoli amashumi amakhilomitha. Ngokungafani neningi eziphambili kulesi sici "Tornado" labadubuli uhla y "Tornado" isivele-100 km (uma usebenzisa amagobolondo ohambelana).

Umhlangano ezintsha nezindala

Njengoba thina wabhala ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ngalesi sikhathi samanje futhi isebenza ngcono "Grad" ubudala, okuyinto namanje eziningi kwesokunxele enkonzweni. Khona-ke abaklami wavakashela umqondo: "Kuthiwani uma usebenzisa, igiya elula tech kusukela" Castle "Isilungiselelo zilwe iyunithi entsha" Tornado "osezingeni elifanele"? Ngomcabango waqalwa ngokushesha.

Yavela kanjalo-ke umshini omusha wenza "Tornado-G". samukelwa ngokusemthethweni ku-service ngo-2013, kodwa-ke waqala ukwanelisa amabutho. On "ithangi Biathlon - 2014" the MRL entsha obala ukuze wonke umuntu.

Ngokungafani ezimbili ngaphambili yaleli su, ukuklanywa uhlelo lokulawula sivuliwe "Skit-BM", okuyinto izikhathi eziningana kwandisa amandla ukulwa eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i kakhulu lula inqubo kuhloswe futhi kokudubula Battle: Manje crew kwakungadingeki ukuba aphumele ngaphandle, njengoba wonke kunesidingo idatha ngesimo sendawo uboniswa ngesikhathi ngempela ngabaqaphi efakwe ngaphakathi gumbi. Kusuka lapho ungakhetha uya khona futhi uqale ukukhiqiza amagobolondo.

sesimanje okunjalo akukhona kuphela nesimanje isikhungo ubudala, kodwa futhi kuvikelwe kakhulu crew. Manje umshini kusheshe ukukhiqiza volley kusukela isikhundla avaliwe bakushiye izindleko engekho ngaphezu kuka-njalo ngemizuzu engu-isigamu. Lokhu kakhulu kunciphisa ingozi ukuthola nokubhujiswa eziyinkimbinkimbi isitha ukuziphindiselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa amagobolondo entsha nge warhead detachable manje kungenzeka ukuba kakhulu bandise kungenzeka ukulwa amayunithi.

Yilokho has zaphetha amaningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo eRussia. Izithombe ethulwa sihloko yabo, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ngokwakho umbono eseduze kwamandla abo.