Ukusungulwa - kuyini? Meaning nabameleli

Kukhona ahlukile futhi wobunxiwankulu izwi esiqinile "ukusungulwa". Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Nakuba namuhla it is hhayi ngokuvamile esetshenziswa lokukhuluma, nokho masivume.

umsuka

Kwathi kithi kusuka olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini: kwathiwa nje zisuswe sokulandela iphepha ne ukusungulwa, elisho ukuthi "base" noma "ukusungulwa". Lona incazelo yegama elithi "isikhungo".

Kwezinye izimo, wasebenzisa

Ukusungulwa ngokuthi lezi ziyingi isinqumo, elite zezombusazwe kanye nezezimali, elite, phezulu umphakathi, ukuma negunya imibono yomphakathi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leli gama usebenza noma futhi yonke imibuso, "kungokwemvelo" injongo yayo yasekuqaleni futhi - ukuchaza futhi bamele iqembu labantu kusukela imvelo zezombusazwe. "Ukusungulwa zezombusazwe" - inkulumo esungulwe esasetshenziswa lapho bafuna wenze uhlaka kumbuthano ingxoxo zabantu "okwenza" inqubomgomo futhi uhulumeni wombuso.

EU.SSR enye incazelo yegama elithi "ukusungulwa" lamazwe lamaKhomanisi (ngenxa yezizathu ngemibono esobala) kuphi futhi akazange asebenzise. Nokho, lo mkhuba khona, kodwa ukwakhelwa yayo esebenzisa inkulumo ethi "ngesilwane esifuywayo." Libhekisela abaphathi elibusayo Communist Party.

Indima isimo

Okwakushiwo "ukusungulwa" ucishe ecacile. Kodwa kanjani okuhlanganiswe umphakathi?

Kunoma yiliphi izwe, noma ngisho umcabango tribal ke wakhiwe ngokuhambisana sabaphathi ekhona umphakathi. Ngakho ukusungulwa - yinto uhlale phezulu isakhiwo. Kuyinto, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, inkampani ehlukile emphakathini, noma kunalokho umphakathi ngenhla umphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile akwenzeki ngentando imininingwane (endabeni isimo agcwele), ngakho-ke kuba ramified, bungacaci lujule kuyo yonke amagatsha kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokuphathwa komnotho, ezezimali, ezohwebo, kokuqondisa ukubulawa kwabo imisebenzi zikahulumeni, kanye abezindaba.

lombhalo ahlukene

Ukusungulwa - kuyini? Itholakala zonke izinhlobo amandla ekilasini, lombhalo, ukuthonya ngokugcwele futhi ukucacisa okwamanje nokwesikhathi esizayo yezwe, ngokulandelana, futhi ukufometha sabantu uhlala (nakuba abantu ngakho ngokuvamile abaqapheli).

Nokho, ukusungulwa ezingase ziphakame noma iyiphi wemboni komnotho noma isiko. Kungaba ngisho yokukhiqiza luhlobo ezivamile. Futhi Bonke bayokwazi ngalokho ukuthi leli gama "code" mphathi abakhulu zezimali officer, onjiniyela, abaphathi, CFOs, ezimali nabameli. Kafushane abantu abasesikhundleni tebuholi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emazweni elonakele imodeli nokubusa ngokuya yokusungulwa kuhlanganisa kwamaqembu oligarchic nokusebenzela izithakazelo zabo ngamandla "ukwesekwa" izimboni (abashushisi, i-TV, ama-ejensi ukuphepha, nokunye. D.).

Umlando uyazi izibonelo eziningi nezibhelu nokuvukela, injongo okwakukhona ukugumbuqela ukusungulwa ekhona. Ngezinye izikhathi wasebenza (kodwa-ke ekugcineni wabaholi babe "ukusungulwa" efanayo), ngokuvamile - cha. Ngoba akukho lutho kodwa nihilism, bona ngokwabo ningathwali.

ukusungulwa European

Inani kuyo yonke izinqubomgomo (hhayi kuphela) amazwe aseYurophu omkhulu. Yena imelelwa osopolitiki ehamba phambili futhi ezimibalabala ohlanga, abengameli, ondunankulu, abaphathi eminyangweni ehlukahlukene ye-European Union. Yiqiniso, phakathi kwabo Zhoze Manuel Durao Barroso (uMengameli we-European Commission), Baroness Ashton Aphollandskaya - Catherine Margaret Ashton (Ummeleli we-European Union ekuvikelekeni wezangaPhandle), Herman Van Rompuy (uMengameli we-European Council), u-Angela Merkel (Shansela German) UŠtefan Füle (uKhomishane waseYurophu u for ukukhulisa), u-Anders Fogh Rasmussen (uNobhala Jikelele NATO), Martin Schulz (Usihlalo European Parliament), futhi uDavid Cameron, Fransua Olland, Donald Tusk nabanye.

ukusungulwa American - kuyini?

Esikhathini umphakathi wenarha le ivele ohluke ngokuphelele elite. Lawa nabantu abe nemfundo nelungelo, ukukhalipha oluyisimangaliso, isimo abavelele kwezenhlalo, isimo sami sezimali, akuvezi ne ukuphila lutho.

Ayavumelana abanye imiqondo nemibono yamanani siqu, yezenhlalo zomphakathi, e lombhalo yabo avaliwe kumiswa umnyango abantu ezingcolile (ku umbono wabo) ngomhla ukuphila kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha. Ngakho, abazamukeli zobandlululo, anti-lwamaSemite, ongqingili, snobs futhi laba bahleki Mercantile esizilahlayo imali sokunene nesobunxele yohlobo ocebile ubudala (the Riche Nouveau kanye grabbers). inhloso yabo - ukudala futhi badlulisele emphakathini amakhodi amasha nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, kuhlanganise ukubekezelelana kwezenhlalo kanye kazwelonke, isimo sengqondo 'sokuthula' efeni zezinto ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali, ukuzinikela abahluphekile futhi yangempela (hhayi esisemthethweni, njengoba kwaba njalo izigwili ubudala) lokuthola usizo lomphakathi olufanayo.

New US ukusungulwa zaba Bill Geyts, Stiven Dzhobs, Tina Brown, Tim Russert, Al Gore-Ken Burns, uDavide Geffen, Morin Daud, Stiven Dzhey Guld, Dzhon Makkeyn, uBill Bredli, Lu ukuqeda, Stiv Keys.

Yilokho ucishe yonke mayelana elithi "ukusungulwa". Kuyini futhi kubani ukubiza, manje uyazi.