Ukujoyina Pskov eMoscow (1510). umlando Russian

Ngo 1510, ukubusa senzeka ngo Pskov eMoscow. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona yalokho engokwemvelo "kubutsela emazweni Russian" Grand Dukes. Republic yaba yingxenye kazwelonke isimo esisodwa Russian phakathi nokubusa Vasily III.

ubudlelwane Pskov-Moscow

Oxhumana yokuqala yesigaba Pskov futhi eMoscow kukhona ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIV. Ngakho, ngo-1380, ngesikhathi Battle of Kulikov, ebuthweni Dmitry Donskoy kwaba lamabutho, wathumela ukuba sisize North yezwe. Lokhu kumiswa elaliholwa Prince Andrey Olgerdovich. Lapho asiyeke e 1399, indodana Dmitriya Donskogo, Basil I, weza ehhovisi lenxusa ukuthumela ukuba umbusi eMoscow. Lesi sicelo samukelwa, futhi kusukela ngo-republic kanye ubukhulu babe seduze inyunyana zezombusazwe.

Ukujoyina Pskov eMoscow ibilokhu iwohloka kancane kancane. Kuyo yonke leminyaka xv ephakathi kwamadolobha ukuqinisa ukuhweba othayi zamanxusa. Nokho, ngokomthetho Republic uhlala abazimele. Moscow ezimiswe, owafika kuyo inyakatho, bazithoba ukuze Pskov.

Izakhamuzi idolobha kanye kuphela waya ubuyophikisana Grand Duke. Kwathi 1456, lapho Basil II walwa Novgorod. Republic asekelwe "mfowethu big" yalo, kodwa amabutho angumfelandawonye ezweni ezimbili lahlukaniswa retinue eMoscow. Ngemva kwalokho, Pskov boyars lafika bazohlonipha ezibiyele, simcele ukuba asithethelele ngenxa yokungalaleli.

Ukuqinisa ithonya kwesikhulu

Border edolobheni udinga usizo oluvela e-Grand Dukes of izingozi alien - ngokuyinhloko Lithuania. Umbusi waleli zwe Vytautas kabili impi Pskov. Nokho, ubunye ibutho Russian ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ziyakwenyanyisa isitha. Kungenxa yokuthi ngengozi kokungenela angaphandle ukubusa Pskov eMoscow sasingagwemeki.

Ngo 1478, Grand Prince Ivan Iii ekugcineni ukuphuca Novgorod ukuzimela. "Big Brother" Pskov, onjengaye kumasiko nokwazisa kwezombusazwe, lasala ngaphandle uphawu inkululeko yawo - insimbi inhlangano. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi Izicukuthwane wendawo engasafuni ukuhlala isimo kwakhe, waya rapprochement nenkosi Polish-Lithuanian. Ivan Iii wathatha kufanele Senzo amambuka futhi aya empini Novgorod.

Ukujoyina Pskov eMoscow bekuyokwenzekani ngisho ngaphambili, uma abantu bomuzi wangena ezingqubuzana abavikela yakhe. Kodwa bahlala beqotho Grand Duke. Ivan III, ngoba leyo kwakuyindlela imithetho ezibaluleke kakhulu izenzo zabo, lapho esaphila, asitholanga nje ibhaxa esisemthethweni ukuphuca ngokuzijamela Inqaba yokugcina umbuso republic eRussia. Lolu hambo yawa emahlombe indodana yakhe - Vasily III, waphumelela esihlalweni sobukhosi 1505.

Ukubaluleka Pskov

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi XVI leminyaka nokwahlukana zezombusazwe Russia esikhathini esidlule. Eminyakeni eminingi wokubusa Basil III ubhekwa ukuqhutshekiselwa okunengqondo wokubusa uyise - Ivan III. Bobabili isikhulu esikhulu enamathiselwe ngempumelelo ku Amandla akho Zonke Russian emazweni okusha, ukudala elinobunye isimo sezwe. Le nqubo yanda ngenxa usongo Polish-Lithuanian entshonalanga, kanye kuphangwa emibi AmaTatar empumalanga naseningizimu.

Pskov ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola ucezwana lokudla omakhelwane babo. IDolobha libe i ukuhweba elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile nezicebi, lapho egcine imali yabo Livonian futhi abathengisi German. izimakethe zendawo bakhangwa abathengi European imikhiqizo layo eliyingqayizivele, ikakhulukazi uboya eziyigugu enyakatho. Ngemva Novgorod ukuthi lebhalwe eMoscow, Pskov ocebile nakakhulu, ngoba abathengisi abangewona ama-ayethanda yokuqhuba ibhizinisi zabo ezithokomele emzini, ukuze usebenzise okungenani ukuzimela ezinye esisemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungekho izintela, kokubili emizini ubukhulu eMoscow.

Imicimbi ngosuku olwandulela ukubusa

Ngo 1509 Vasily III uthumele mbusi omusha ka Pskov. Zaba Ivan Repnev-Obolensky. Ukuziphatha lesihambi kwaba izakhamizi bethuswa sina. Owayeyinxusa engazange abuze nomkhandlu, angizange banake ngokubona Izicukuthwane zendawo, aphethwe enkantolo uqobo. Eqinisweni, waziphatha sengathi wayengumuntu omele kwesikhulu eMoscow esifundazweni lasendulo.

Pskovites wanquma akhononde oqokiwe Vasily Ivanovich. umlando Russian ugcwele yokuvukela nokunganeliseki ethandwa, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ingxabano ayizange ingxabano ahlomile. Ngalesi sikhathi Pskov kwaba kakade engaphansi kakhulu ku Moscow, ukuba amabutho ukwanele ukuvukela kokwesikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi zedolobha wayengenabani ujike. Novgorod ngoba cishe amathathu Kwadlula iminyaka eminingi kunguye ingxenye esihlanganisiwe isimo Russian futhi inkosi Polish engafuni ukuya empini nge Basil.

enkantolo Basil

Grand Duke ngalesi sikhathi kufika eNovgorod, ayethi uzokwenza ngazo hlola imisebenzi boyars zabo kule elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile kwezohwebo. Kodwa ngaphansi Vasily III enyakatho ekugcineni siyekele Pskov ukuzimela. Ngemva kwakhe waya bayibutho elikhulu Muscovite, angathathwa edingekayo endabeni evulekile ukuvukela ahlomile.

Pskov Izicukuthwane wathumela Prince lenxusa, ecela ukuba axazulule impikiswano ephakathi Chamber nombusi okungagunyaziwe. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Repnev-Obolensky baya Novgorod, ukufakazela icala labo phambi Vasily Ivanovich. umbusi baseMoscow abazange bamukele boyars, kodwa wathumela isithunywa ku-Pskov nge sipho bonke izakhamuzi zedolobha ukuza enkantolo kwesikhulu. Ngo Novgorod wadonsa amakhulu abamangali abenza awanelisekile ngezimpilo zabo. Abalimi basola boyars, izicukuthwane wazise nomunye. Basil, eqaphela yokuhlukanisa indlela enkulu emphakathini Pskov, wanquma ukuqedela sihlanganisa Pskov eMoscow. 1510 kwaba wokugcina emlandweni kutimela edolobheni.

isicupho Novgorod

Iningi Vasily wesaba ukuthi abantu basebukhosini kuphela ume united bephikisa intando yakhe. Kodwa izingxabano phakathi abantu Pskov wabonisa ukuthi kwakungekho lutho olubangela ukwesaba. Isethi usuku posadniki kanye nabamele imikhaya ezinonileyo republic efika reception kwesikhulu. Basil wamemezela ukuthi sase sifikile isikhathi yokuqeda isimiso sezombusazwe ubudala. Chamber kufanele ngokuba silishiyile izwe, futhi insimbi ekumemezeleni ekuqaleni Abantu, sayalwa ukuba ahoxe. Zimbalwa izicukuthwane waphikisana zafakwa ngokushesha nje abese eboshwa futhi ngaboshwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhulu beyalwa ukuba yawoyise Novgorod the izakhamuzi ezivamile ababeza kuye nge uhlu lwezikhalazo. Kwakuyisikhathi iqhinga lokuthi wasiza ukuqedela sihlanganisa Pskov eMoscow. Unyaka nonyaka, i-iningi lezakhamuzi asebenzayo yezwe lezi zinhlobo zokuphila zahlukaniswa e izigodi kwesikhulu. Lokhu bancishwa Pskov abaholi kungaholela ivukela Basil. Icebo efanayo yayisetshenziswa uyise - Ivan III, lapho wanqoba i-Novgorod Republic.

Ukuphela Pskov Funky

Ekugcineni Pskov Chamber of Novgorod waya umabhalane eMoscow Tretiak Dolmatov. Wayengumuntu ohlakaniphile abanolwazi owasiza izikhulu omkhulu uphume esimweni okunamathelayo. Isilayezi uvele nedolobha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa Vasily III uye oboshiwe cishe zonke izicukuthwane wendawo.

Mabhalane ngesikhathi Chamber imemezele isinqumo Grand Duke. Pskovites wathola ugwayi katiki - ukulalela noma ukuthatha indlela bempi kanye eMoscow. Izakhamuzi bacelwa ukuba bacabange mayelana ebusuku futhi ngakusasa ekuseni wathatha zonke izidingo Vasily Ivanovich. Ngokushesha inhlangano insimbi isuswe. It njengendlela indondo eyigugu wayiswa Isigodlo eMoscow. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva endaweni nesithwathwa Januwari ekuseni ekunqotshweni edolobheni kwafika Grand Duke yena. Ohambeni lwakhe waphetha ukubusa Pskov eMoscow. Usuku lomcimbi (e 1510) kwakuwusuku zinyanga Russian medieval Republic elahlekile uzibuse.

imiphumela ukubusa

Ezinyangeni ezalandela, uVasili babenza konke okusemandleni ukuze bahlanganise ukunqoba kwako. Pskov evicted wonke umkhaya abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Kwakumelwe ezicukuthwaneni kahle ozalwa kanye abahwebi abacebile. Kunalokho, bathunyelwa emzini abazinikezele ezikhethiwe Prince Muscovites, owaba elite wendawo. isihloko uMbumbi imeya ekugcineni ezaqedwa - salandelwa okhonzile ngokuphelele ezibiyele umbusi.

Ngo impahla kombusi sawela ezikhangayo leli dolobha main - emathempelini nenqaba. Ababusi babe samuntu iziphathimandla zokwahlulela, ezempi kanye nezokuphatha. Sasiza kubo onobhala, futhi wathumela indoda ivela eMoscow. Pskov Judicial Charter (iqoqo imithetho okuzohlolwa yahlulelwe izigebengu sendawo) babe engavumelekile. Yena salandelwa idokhumenti elifanayo yokutholwa kwezinye izifundazwe we-united states.

Ukuze izakhamuzi wokukhushulwa Pskov eMoscow ngo Prince Vasily III it is kakhulu kubonakala enanini izintela. Babé okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-trade izintela kwangena, zazo kwakungakaze ayekhona.

Pskov ngaphakathi Russia

Iziphathimandla emaphakathi uvinjelwe yonke imithetho odlule ukuthi ngandlela-thile zihlukaniswa Pskov kunoma iyiphi enye County. Nokho Muscovy ngekhulu le-16 aqhubeka luyakhohlisa idolobha ozibuse. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi zase banelungelo ukhetha abadala, owalwela izithakazelo zabo phambi kombusi uFeliksi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezigcinwe Pskov Mint.

Nokho, empeleni kusukela 1510 edolobheni ekugcineni baba ingxenye amandla esihlanganisiwe nekomkhulu lalo eMoscow. Esikhathini esizayo, umlando Russian beligcwele izenzakalo baba yokuhlola Pskov. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi iMpi Livonian, lapho indodana ka-Basil Ivan le Kubi, edolobheni umngcele ukuthi ukugqashuka yibutho Polish. Kodwana wasinda begodu ngokukhamba wahlala iyingxenye ebalulekile Russia.