Indlela ukudlula CRR? Ukwakhiwa Ring Road - isikimu

Kungakapheli neminyaka eyishumi, emaphakathi indandatho umgwaqo izobe seyisebenza ngokugcwele emhlabeni edolobheni laseMoscow. Ukwakhiwa Ring Road Kuye kwahlelwa ngu RF Uhulumeni ngo-2001, kodwa waqala ngo-2014.

Izimpawu Ring Road

Ubude kuyoba anamakhulu mahlanu amabili nesishiyagalolunye km, ububanzi - kusuka ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili imizila. It izobanjelwa e Moscow, bekude obuyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya amakhilomitha ayisithupha nanhlanu. Umgwaqo uzobe ifakwe entsha othomathikhi control traffic uhlelo, ukuqapha iziteshi izindawo Meteorological for izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, okusheshayo zokuxhumana izindawo, izindawo abahlala futhi inkonzo komgwaqo. CRR Daily Ungeqela ayisikhombisa - izimoto osibhozo amawaka. Speed umkhawulo endleleni kuyoba ayikhulu namashumi amathathu ngehora.

Owabe eMoscow Region Governor Boris Gromov ngokuthi Ring Road cishe imfuneko inguquko ezomnotho kulesi sifundazwe.

Kuphi futhi kanjani CRR luyokwenzeka? Singakanani ngeke Kubiza ukuhamba, ukuthi uyoba yini emzileni? Le mibuzo kanye neminye kwalesi sihloko kwembula.

Kungani CRR?

Lokhu indlela ewusizo ngezindlela eziningi.

Ukuze eMoscow, okuyinto ezinikeziwe ngaphambi wemikhumbi, uyoyifeza uyakusikhipha ezinye isiminyaminya sezimoto futhi yezokuthutha. Ngakho, eMoscow siyokhululwa. Ring Road esifundeni Moscow ngizodonsela ku izimpahla eziya kwezinye izifunda. Ngenxa isiminyaminya dolobha, buthaka kakhulu.

Namanje sesimweni esingcono kungaba esifundeni eMoscow. CRR dambisa betonku encane ngokuphelele. Futhi engxenyeni esentshonalanga - futhi betonku kakhulu kakhulu, ingxenye yomgwaqo phakathi Ring Road Ring Road. Ngenxa Ring Road esifundeni Moscow kuyoba imisebenzi emisha up bafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amabili, okuzokwenza kakhulu lula isimo izakhamuzi esifundeni eMoscow Iyasithwala imihla ngemihla ukuhamba eMoscow ukusebenza.

Ukuze Russia, ngosizo le phrojekthi uyomenzela Chord komgwaqo, ikusasa le-ITC - imihubhe ezokuthutha ngamazwe. Ukwakhiwa Ring Road iyolandelwa kabusha inombolo emikhulu sikahulumeni. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa izwe bazokwazi uthole ngokugcwele yezokuthutha. Ngoba manje uthola ukuba sendleleni amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela ukuthi zaziyoba ngokoqobo. Sikhuluma i umcebo ezimbili kanye ruble ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-isigamu. Lokhu kuzodala amakhulu ezinkulungwane imisebenzi emisha, futhi uyoba indawo evumayo ukuze kutshalwe izimali kulezo yokucwenga kanye Logistics.

izifunda angomakhelwane kwendawo eMoscow, okuyinto uzosingatha Ring Road, Kuyokuzuzisa, ngoba kuzokhulisa ijubane travel nomthamo ukuphepha. Kuhanjiswa kwemphahla eRussia uzobe kukhiqizwa ngokushesha futhi eshibhile, futhi ukuncintisana izimpahla zasekhaya kuyokhula.

Kunganjani okulungisa a betonku elincane?

Kunezici eziningana oda ezahlukene ku kudlule kanjani CRR futhi kungani kwanqunywa ukuba kabusha umgwaqo A-107 no--108, is edume ngokuthi "emzileni". Izizathu lezi zinqumo uzokutshela ku.

Komphakathi kubangela ukwakhiwa CRR

Okokuqala, kokubili imigwaqo ezindaweni eziningi badabula emadolobheni amancane namakhulu. betonka Small sidlula Bronnitsy, Noginsk, Zvenigorod, Elektrostal nakwamanye amadolobha. Isakhiwo okukuwo at ibanga ngamamitha amahlanu kuya amathathu. Phakathi kabusha komgwaqo kwakuyodingeka ukuba sakhe Bypasses emhlabeni noma ukuhlenga impahla Onjiniyela eduze ngokushesha komgwaqo. Kodwa ngisho noma senza lokhu, kubonakala sengathi abantu abaningi abebengeneme abahlala emakhaya eseduze futhi baphoqwa ukuba sikhuthazele eduze nomgwaqo.

Nokho, lapho kwakhiwa umgwaqo omusha ka Ring Road, naphezu kwemizamo abaklami ku izindlela ukwakhiwa, ayikwazanga ukugwema inkinga ka kwemhlaba, lapho abantu baphile. Sekuke kwaba khona, nganquma ukuvele ngiye ngoba "Sochi" futhi indlela ukusebenzisa inqubo esasizosheshisa kanye lula for ukuhoxiswa izidingo isimo. Isinxephezelo oyokwenziwa ngamanani emakethe.

ngezizathu zezobuchwepheshe

Ukuze kube lula yokuhamba ijubane emgwaqweni kufanele kube njengoba eliphezulu likhulu nemashumi lamatsatfu kuya ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amakhilomitha ngehora futhi ube esigabeni sokuqala lobuchwepheshe. Lesi sakamuva kusho izidingo esiqinile eziphathelene emthambekeni longitudinal, ugobile, ububanzi emahlombe nokunye. Nokho, betonka futhi encane noma enkulu abakwazi ukuqhosha izimfuneko ezinjalo. Ukuthi iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ngenhla, kungaba ezidingekayo kabusha ngokuphelele endleleni.

CMI komgwaqo futhi MBC (ezincane nezinkulu ukhonkolo strip) kukhona esigabeni sesithathu nesesine kuphela, gradients longitudinal kwezinye izindawo idlule amaphesenti amane. Ziyakwazi sebuningini zemigwaqo, kokuhlangana futhi displacements. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuselelwa umgwaqo akubonakali ezifanele.

I ukuhlela nokuqala ukwakha izizathu ezisemadolobheni CRR

Kusukela eMoscow ukuminyana esifundeni endleleni kungaphansi ngenombolo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ezine kuqhathaniswa amazwe aseYurophu, kungcono kakhulu ukuba imigwaqo emibili, omunye okuzoba ajwayelekile wendawo, kanye nezinye uyoba zokuthutha, lapho sizokwazi ukushayela ngesivinini. Kungenjalo, endleleni efanayo kwakufanele kokubili zendawo ukuba sendleleni ngemgwaco, ogandaganda zendawo wabelane okungenani endleleni eyodwa i-heavy-ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu zemigwaqo naphambi akube kusakhulunywa betonok kuzofuneka ukuthi noma kabusha noma susa. Yingakho, isibonelo, engxenyeni kabusha komgwaqo, okuzoba CRR, ebizwa nge "hambisa Zvenigorodskiy" kuyoba imizila emine ububanzi futhi abe isigaba sesibili lobuchwepheshe.

Yini elindele ukhonkolo-Kwadlula komgwaqo kanye ujantshi yokuwela phezu kwabo?

Futhi ezincane nezinkulu ukhonkolo strip izohlala imigwaqo khulula, okuzokwenza ikakhulukazi ukulayishwa nge traffic wendawo. Esikhundleni ezingeni yokuwela iyokwakhiwa overpasses. Lezi overpasses Cishe elakhiwa ngo Amakholomu White futhi Alabino endleleni A-107.

Ukwakhiwa nezinye overpasses e Lipitino, Sharapova Ukuzingela kanye Lviv endleleni efanayo. Okulandelayo kumugqa kukhona ujantshi yokuwela e Golitsyno futhi Yurove ku emzileni amancane Dorokhovo - kwi big. ukwakhiwa yabo sihlelelwe kuze 2020.

ngezimali CRR

Ekuqaleni, izindleko iphrojekthi zazisuka ezingamakhulu amathathu ruble ezintathu namashumi amahlanu bhiliyoni. Nokho, lezi zibalo kufanele sibuyekezwe maqondana ruble exchange rate.

CRR usekelwa ezivela emithonjeni ezintathu:

• Uxhaso kusukela isabelomali sikahulumeni.
• NWF (National Welfare Isikhwama).
• Kusho concessionaires kanye zimali.

Eminyakeni 2014 kanye nowezi 2015, "Imigwaqo" kumele kutholakale i-National Welfare Isikhwama okweqa ruble amathathu nesishiyagalombili billion, uzoya ezingxenyeni zokuqala nelesihlanu komgwaqo. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa ngemuva kokuphothulwa izivumelwano zimali abazimele. Lezi izingxenye kukhona eduze komunye nomunye. Ziyakwazi ezinhlangothini entshonalanga naseningizimu ye eMoscow welulele ngoba namashumi amathathu nesikhombisa amakhilomitha. Izindleko yalezi iziza kuyoba mayelana amane nesishiyagalolunye, futhi ruble angaphezu kwamashumi amane kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, ngokulandelana.

Iningi uxhaso zalo mgwaqo uzokhokhelwa nguhulumende, amaphesenti amabili nanhlanu - "Stroytransgaz" futhi kusukela eziyishumi nane amaphesenti ngeke ukutshala yangasese nokulingana amafemu.

SWF izimali kuhlelwe ukutshala izimali zami kule ukwakhiwa komgwaqo kusukela ekupheleni 2013. Nokho, esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva kwanqunywa ukuba zihilela amabhange dolobha ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela lolu namanye amaphrojekthi. Ngasheshe ngathatha Gazprombank futhi wathenga izibopho "Avtodor" ku izimali NWF. Leli cebo isivele ukusebenza Russian Railways, lapho indima lomthengi esivuna VTB Bank.

Hhayi okwamanje ukuxazululwa umbuzo uzobe kanjani usekelwa izingxenye yesithathu neyesine, ubude okuyinto amakhilomitha cishe abangamakhulu amabili, futhi izindleko ngokugcwele - ngaphezu ruble namashumi amahlanu bhiliyoni. Nakuba kulezi zingxenye kukhona imincintiswano.

iziza

Ukuze ufunde kudlule kanjani Ring Road, ingabukwa kumephu phrojekthi. Ihlangene uzophinde abeke le mephu Yandex kumephu.

Yonke indawo, okuyinto uzosingatha Central Ring Road esifundeni Moscow, ihlukaniswe kwethulwa izakhiwo ezinhlanu noma esingamahektare eziyishumi. Phakathi eyesithathu futhi ingxenye yesihlanu ubabonisa PC ubude amakhilomitha angaphezu kwayisihlanu, ngokuba izindlela okuyinto lolwakha GC "Imigwaqo". Le sayithi akufakwanga starting izakhiwo.

It is kuhlelwe ukuba kwakhiwe ngezigaba ezimbili CRR. ISu kanje.

isigaba 1

Isigaba sokuqala ukwakhiwa kufanele libe seliqediwe ngo-2018. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele esizokwakhiwa izigaba eziyisithupha eziyishumi, likhula lakha isiyingi nge obuphelele Imininingwane ku amakhilomitha amathathu namashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili namamitha amathathu nanhlanu. Khala, Ring Road oyokuba lapha okuphindiwe ngokuphelele umgwaqo omncane owakhiwe ngokhonkolo-Kwadlula noma A-107.

isigaba 2

Isigaba sesibili kuyokwenzeka kusukela 2020 kuya 2025, ngesikhathi lapho iyokwakhiwa ubude asele izigaba ezine kule amakhilomitha eyodwa namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye namamitha ayisithupha nesikhombisa nezindawo zokuhamba okungelula ukuba eziyisithupha.

Ingqalasizinda phezu Ring Road

Ububanzi mgwaqo kube ubuningi bands eziyisishiyagalombili. Lapho kuyoba aphambana nabanye imigwaqo yombuso kanye zesifunda, zizokwenziwa zibe eyakhelwe multi-level interchanges, amabhuloho, culverts futhi overpasses. It is kuhlelwe ukwakha interchanges amathathu nane futhi amabhuloho ezingamakhulu amabili ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili.

Indlela ezingeni eliphezulu enjalo kuyoba ekhangayo zimali ezahlukene, kanye Logistics, nokukhiqizwa. Ubufakazi kakade wathola Mphathi eMoscow Region amabhidi bezimali.

Endaweni, okuyinto uzosingatha Ring Road Kuzokwakhiwa iziteshi amathathu nambili ukugcwalisa, okuyinto ezosebenza cafe futhi minimarkets, amathathu iziteshi zikaphethiloli, izindawo zokudlela, amathilomu, amagalaji nesishiyagalombili nesishiyagalombili amamotheli.

yokugibela

Umgwaqo uzokhokhelwa yonke indawo, ngaphandle kokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi lesihlanu, lapho siyodlula ingxenye encane Betonka noma umgwaqo A-107. Imali eziteshini toll, eyakhelwe ngezithukuthuku isabelomali sikahulumeni, kuhlelelwe ukulungisa izimoto in ruble ezimbili amapeni amathathu nambili ikhilomitha ngalinye. Lapho uyokhanga kweBraam-, izindleko angaba phezulu.

Ukuze izakhamuzi eMoscow Region Central Ring Road kuyoba khulula.

ngemvelo

Njengoba CRR izinga ukwanda ke ezingeni umthelela omubi kwezemvelo kuyehla. Izinga amakhilomitha emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ngalinye ihora inyuka kwekhabhoni izikhathi eziyishumi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ngesilinganiso amakhilomitha ngehora ayisithupha amashumi ayisishiyagalombili.

By the way, Luyoba lukhulu kangakanani Central Ring Road, ngeke uthinte izinqolobane nezinye iziqiwi, ngakho nomthelela wendawo ezungezile kubantu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile is hhayi eziphoqelelwe.

Nokho, lo msebenzi waba Ukubuyekeza zomphakathi kwemvelo, wakhe ubuhanjelwe phezulu ososayensi-ezemvelo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuleyo nsimu, okuyinto uzosingatha CRR ngeke bagawule izihlahla amaphesenti ayikhulu kwendawo ingqikithi esifundeni Moscow. Kunalokho kuhlelwe zokutshala compensatory nezihlahla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-isakhiwo emgwaqeni ezifuywayo enikeziwe amanzi emvula ngokuphelele ihlanzekile, amavesi ukuze izilwane umsindo izithiyo ezindaweni lapho izakhiwo zokuhlala zitholakala eseduze.