Izinhlobo, amafomu nezibonelo tento

Tento ku iziphakamiso iningi isiRashiya. Lolu hlobo umlayezo mayelana isihloko izenzo zenkulumo. AN UTolstoy wagomela ngokuthi ukukhetha isenzo esifanele - ngakho uyinike ekuhambeni.

Hhayi lutho ngokuthi "isenzo" okhokho bethu ngokuthi ke, isimiso, izwi elifanayo uhunyushwe Dal isichazamazwi. Izibonelo tento, ukusetshenziswa, sihlaziye ushintsho kule athikili.

Verb njengengxenye yokukhuluma

Ingxenye yokukhuluma ebonisa izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha futhi esewuphendula "yini okufanele uyenze?", "Yini ukuyenza?" - lena isenzo. Ephathelene ezingxenyeni ezihlukene yokukhuluma, it is kunqunywa incazelo Imininingwane nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Isenzo isenzo. Nokho, le ngxenye nkulumo nanezincazelo ezingefani ncamashí.

1. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngokomzimba: cut, Hack, obumbene.
2. umsebenzi Intellectual noma ngamazwi: iwashi, ukukhuluma, ukucabanga.
3. Ukuhambisa into emkhathini: ukundiza, ugijima, ahlale.
4. Isimo tesifundvo: ukuzonda, ukulimaza, ukulala.
5. Isimo imvelo: abandayo, ka okokuqandisa, Kusihlwa.

izici morphological kanye syntactic

Njengoba for abalingiswa morphological - konke kungenzeka izimo zesenzo segama. Izibonelo sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe kamuva, kodwa okwamanje, nje uzibhala. Mood, umuntu, isikhathi, inombolo, reflexivity, uhlobo lwe, zilwane, futhi conjugation.

Ngokuqondene indima syntactic ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengophawu isilandiso isenzo, yena kanye kuncike amafomu yekwenta noma isisekelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. I kwesenzo emshweni lungaboniswa. Lomsebenzi wenziwa ibizo noma isandiso.

kwekusebentisa

Isenzo ngasinye ine uhlobo kokuqala, ubizwa ngokuthi kwekusebentisa. Kuqubuke imibuzo okulandelayo: "Yini okufanele uyenze?", "Yini ukuyenza?". Izibonelo tento ezingacacile: ukufundisa, ukudweba (ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze?), Funda, ukudweba (ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze?).

Leli fomu senzo azizange zishintshe, asichazi isikhathi ubuso bakhe futhi isibalo - ikakhulukazi isinyathelo. Ake siqhathanise izibonelo ezimbili: "Ngiyasebenza on okukhethekile" - "Ukuze usebenze umuntu udinga ukuba aphile." Kusibonelo lokuqala, isenzo kubonisa ukuthi isenzo senzeka khona esikhathini sangempela, futhi ubulala ke isikhulumi yena (isabizwana soqobo esithi "Mina" kubonisa 1 umuntu amayunithi. H.). Esikhathini yesibili lisho isenzo, isimiso, ngaphandle ecacisa inombolo futhi umuntu.

Phakathi ososayensi izazi zezilimi namanje Ziphikisana ngalokho ngempela -t (ti) we kwekusebentisa: isijobelelo noma ophela. Sivumelana kulesi sihloko nomuntu isebangeni ke njengoba flexion. Uma isenzo izophela -ch (ukugeleza, kuhhavini, bashise), kuyacaca ukuthi ingxenye impande. Khumbula ukuthi ukushintsha igama singenzeka alternation: kuhhavini-Bhaka; ukuvuza-notshwala; zhech-Ngithathe evutha.

Kwekusebentisa angasebenza kokubili njengoba isilandiso, futhi indima isihloko: ". Funda - okuningi ukwazi" Lapha sento lokuqala "funda" - isihloko, yesibili, ukuze "ukwazi" - isilandiso. By the way, izimo ezinjalo zidinga isitatimende isigamfulo ekhethekile - le dash.

Izimo zesenzo segama

Isenzo kunqunywa umbuzo, okuyiwona uyena obangela. Ngo isiRashiya kukhona abangaphelele (lokho ukwenza ukwenzani na? Ukuthi benzeni?) Futhi ephelele (liyini? Ukwenza? Engazenza?) Tinhlobo tento. Izibonelo: inkulumo, inkulumo, inkulumo - abangaphelele; ukusho nezwi nezwi - ephelele. Izimo zesenzo segama nencazelo ehluke. Ngakho, abangaphelele lisho isikhathi esithile, repeatability yayo. Ngokwesibonelo: lokubhala - lokubhala. Isenzo has a ubude besikhathi. Engaqhathaniswa ne esenzweni esisho ifomu ephelele: ukubhala - bhala - ukubhala. Lokhu icacisa ukuthi isenzo kuqedile, it has a yi. Lezi zenzo ukuchaza isenzo esisodwa (ihlumela).

Ifomu kwemizwelo

Ukushintsha tento nokuthambekela. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela: okunemibandela (subjunctive), Indlela futhi ibalulekile.

Uma sikhuluma kwemizwelo Indlela, kuvumela isilandiso sibe ngohlobo isikhathi, umuntu kanye nenombolo. Izibonelo zalokhu isimo Isenzo: "Senza le Hack," (manje) - "Sizokwenza le Hack" (esizayo) - "Thina ekhiqizwa le Hack" (lesengcile). Noma abantu, "Ngenze lokhu Hack" (ongu-1) - "Wenze le Hack" (2 umuntu) - "U-Anne wenza le Hack" (Umuntu 3rd).

Ukuze benze izenzo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zibonisa tento subjunctive. Leli fomu ngokungeza isikhathi langemva we kuyizinhlayiyana "ukuze" ( "b"), okuyinto njalo ebhaliwe ngokwehlukana. isilandiso okunjalo ayahluka umuntu kanye nenombolo. Isigaba engakaze kunqunywe. Izibonelo tento: "Sanquma ukuba le nkinga ngosizo uthisha" (ebuningini, 1 umuntu ..) - "ngabe ngenze le Hack ngosizo uthisha" (U h, 1 umuntu ..) - "Anna icabanga lekufanele akhicitwe le Hack ne ngosizo uthisha "(U h, 3 umuntu ..) -" guys ngabe benza le Hack ngosizo uthisha "(ebuningini, umuntu 3rd ..).

Talking ukhuthaza noma ziphi izinyathelo ezingathathwa nesenzo ibalulekile. Ukuvimbela isenzo, tento kuphoqelekile nazo asetshenziswa. Izibonelo: "Ungayikhakhabisi kimi!" (Ban) - "Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuba udle!" (Motivation) - "Sicela ubhale incwadi" (sicela). Ake ngokuningiliziwe isibonelo yakamuva. Ukunikeza isicelo sakhe ithoni inhlonipho, nesenzo kuphoqelekile ukungeza elithi "siza" lapho (elithi "siza", "uma sicela").

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi tento kuphoqelekile eligcina uphawu elithambile, lapho agcinwe futhi lezo iphele Xia, futhi -te. Lo mthetho has okuhlukile - igama eliyisenzo elithi "amanga" (amanga - ulale - ulale).

Isigaba isikhathi

Amafomu main sesenzo ngesikhathi - labo ezibonisa isikhathi isenzo: esidlule (okuthiwa), samanje (ucingo), esikhathini esizayo (Uyobiza).

Isikhathi esidlulile kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi ekhuluma isenzo usuphethiwe. Ngokwesibonelo: "Ngithenge le ingubo ngonyaka odlule." Ngokuvamile, lezi zenzo akhiwa nge -l- Isijobelelo ukungezwa base kwekusebentisa: fly - wathenga. Lezi isilandiso ziyehluka izinombolo kanye amayunithi. kuhlanganise - futhi ushiye. Ubuso ukuma akunqunywa.

Sikhatsi sanyalo sici kuphela i ukubukeka abangaphelele. Ukuze injalo, kufanele engeza eziyimpumelelo siqu tento. Izibonelo: Lami - ugeza - ugeza - yami - ukugeza.

Ifomu tento lesitako ungaba kokubili izinhlobo, ephelele futhi akaphelele. Iza izinhlobo ezimbili: elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isici sokuqala tento perfective: Yakha, Glue, Basaha, njll Ngokuzayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ifomu imperfective tento. Qhathanisa: ngiyokwakha, ngeke ukunamathisela, liyonqanyulwa. Ngakho, kwakheka leli fomu nge igama eliyisenzo elithi "ukuba" okuhleliwe phambili elula kwekusebentisa.

I zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo tento tesikhatsi ube umuntu kanye nenombolo. Sikhuluma ngezansi.

Lomuntu kanye nenombolo

Uma isenzo ungaphakathi kumuntu wokuqala, lokho kuyinkomba yokuthi leyompahla isinyathelo ukhiqiza isikhulumi yena. Ngokwesibonelo: "Mina ulaka nsuku zonke, igeziwe ngamanzi obandayo futhi esula iqhwa."

Iqiniso lokuthi isenzo senzeka isikhulumi interlocutor, sizokutshela umuntu sesenzo yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo: "Uyazi ingakanani kuyoba zimbili." Tento esime esifanayo angase abe nomuzwa ejwayelekile ukuze ubheke izenzo ayisibonelo salezi phi ntu. Ngokuvamile-ke ingatholakala IzAga: "Ku-rotok ongaziwa hhayi nakinesh iduku." Ukuhlukanisa lezi ziphakamiso ilula: ngokuvamile kuncike lingekho.

Tento umuntu wesithathu eveza isenzo ekhiqizwa noma ezikhiqizwa isihloko ekhuluma. "Lermontov ubungewodwa konke ukuphila kwakhe." - "The isiphepho sasinamandla kangangokuthi izihlahla ekhulwini ubudala ibheke efana Amahlumela."

Ukuze umuntu ngamunye sisebunyeni noma ubuningi nobuntu tento ezithile langesikhatheso ngoKukhulamungu. Izibonelo: "Mina fly" - "Thina fly" - "Wena fly" - "Wena fly" - "It (yena, ke) izimpukane" - "Zindiza".

Conjugation futhi siqu isenzo eziyimpumelelo

Conjugation sesenzo - ifomu, okusho ushintsho yayo ngoba umuntu kanye nenombolo. Kuyiqiniso akubona bonke isilandiso, kodwa kuphela labo abasesikhundleni kwemizwa Indlela, kwamanje noma kwesikhathi esizayo isikhathi. Sekukonke, kukhona conjugations ezimbili. Mela nabo etafuleni.

tento engenabuntu

tento Personal, izibonelo esixoxe ngenhla - hhayi kuphela isiRashiya. Basuke bephikiswa yilabo abangamkhonzi ubheke isinyathelo ngaphandle kumdlali. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama - angenazo izici zobuntu. Uma abakaze ukuba, e umusho, bona akhonze njengephayona isilandiso. Lezi zenzo akudingeki eziningi izigaba. Okungukuthi, baye ngokuqinile kuchazwa sikhathi, nesizayo. Ngokwesibonelo: (. Sikhathi Yethula) "Colder" - "Ebusuku eba yiqhwa nakakhulu" (Ikusasa), "ukuthola asebusuku eba yiqhwa nakakhulu." (Esidlule).