Passive samanje esithi: Izibonelo

ISidlo - yikhono adlulisele kokubili isenzo futhi uphawu yayo. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa "lula" ukunikezwa kanye ukudluliselwa ukwenza lemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka e inguqulo emfushane kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:

Tale - umthombo tetemibhalo, esiza ingane ikwazi ukuthuthukisa umcabango.

Tale - umthombo tetemibhalo, esiza ingane ikwazi ukuthuthukisa umcabango.

Kusukela tento akhiwa njengoba esithi yokwenziwa samanje nesikhatsi lesengcile, kanye langempela.

Ukunqunywa iSidlo

NgesiRashiya, yenhlanganyelo ngokuthi i ekhethekile isimo sesenzo, okubonisa uphawu isenzo tesifundvo. ISidlo babe ngokushesha ezimbili izakhiwo morphological:

1. Have izimpawu ejwayelekile tento.
2. Have izimpawu tichasiso.

Thanda tento, participles ukusuka lapho:

• umbono - ephelele (ukuphendula umbuzo "esingakwenza" - umfana owafunda incwadi ethi) nokungapheleli ( "esingakwenza" ngokuthi 'ukwenza "- umfana ufunda incwadi);
• reflexivity (Isijobelelo ephela ngo - Xia - Ebhekisela isb, amakha) kanye transience (ukudlala);
• ifomu esidlule (wathola umsebenzi - ukuthola umsebenzi), futhi kulesi sikhathi samanje (ukudlala - ukudlala);
• kungenziwa elisuselwa umenziwa isenzo ngadingi umenziwa, futhi yekwentiwa.

Njengoba tiphawulo, participles yilezi:

• ozalwa (ingane umdwebo - wesilisa, ukudweba intombazane - njengabesifazane, ukuthi uchaza kudivayisi - okungenabulili);

• Inombolo (umuntfu locabanga ngokudla, portrait Ngesineke - into kuphela; abantu abacabanga ngokudla, abantu basondela - plural) ;
• nokufa;
• ugcwalise ifomu, ngisho yekwentiwa kanye nefomu emifushane (isibonelo, umlobi yasungulwa - livele kombhali).

Kulula ukukhumbula, ukuthi esithi ubukele kwalobo esidlule kwenziwa kuphela kusuka tento ifomu zesikhashana.

umenziwa

Lezi zenzo ubheke senzo kwathatha isihloko futhi njalo ezihlobana ngayo ibizo noma isabizwana okufanele asolwe. nominative, awunakuzilandulela:

• umdayisi ekusindayo (ini?) ushizi (isisindo ngumthengisi (ukuthi) ushizi?);
• umfana ihlangabezana (ngubani?) umama (ihlangabezana indodana (bani) umama).

Kukhona okwehlukile lo mthetho, isibonelo, ngokuphika ibizo noma isabizwana ongema okubeletha. nominative ngaphandle izaba (engadli kwasemini (into) isobho - isobho, kudliwa emini). I-exemption esifanayo siyasebenza uma isenzo kubonisa isihloko (cut (into) isinkwa -? Imi (into) lwesinkwa akwanele).

Ukukhiqizwa participles yokwenziwa

ISidlo, ekhombisa isihloko uphawu maqondana lapho isenzo Kwenziwa, kukhona yekwentiwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Fish (ini?), Caught abadobi, kwaba carp.
• Ring (ini?), Ezithathelana ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngokusebenzisa umugqa zesifazane.
• Ulwazi (ini?), Kutholiwe practice, babe nakho.
• Kitten (ini?), Ukhethwe phezulu emgwaqeni, wakhulela ikati elikhulu lethusi.

Njengoba singabona kusukela izibonelo, esithi yokwenziwa aphendule imibuzo efanayo tichasiso.

Passive samanje esithi ethathwe elisekela ifomu abangaphelele ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokwesibonelo:

• ukubona - obubonakalayo;
• uthando - intandokazi;
• ukukhuluma - govorimy;
• ukuzwa - wezwa.

esithi Passive e lesengcile - ke lisuselwa ukungaqiniseki isenzo:

• ukusula - kusula;
• ukubona - umbono;
• ukwenza - ezenziwe.

Passive samanje esithi (Izibonelo ezingenhla) ungenalo ukubukeka ephelele.

Tijobelelo kusetjentiswe sikhatsi sanyalo

Isijobelelo uma udala participles yokwenziwa kuhlobene Isenzo conjugations. Tijobelelo yokwenziwa participles usuku - 1 lokuhlanganisa - ke - st kanye 2 - kubo.

• sebenzisa - waphawula (conjugation 1);
• Ukuthengisa - ithengiswe (1 Ref.);
• wear - ezigugile (1 Ref.);
• esitolo - egcinwe (2 Ref.);
• usawoti - Solimena (2 Ref.);
• ukushayela - enophephela (2 Ref.).

Kukhona okuhlukile lapho yokwenziwa samanje esithi tento ngadingi umenziwa uhlangabezana eceleni kwakhe emabito noma izabizwana icala wezinsimbi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• kuholele (ini?) ithimba - iqembu eliholwa isiKhulu;
• isilawuli (? ubani) kuyinto - abantu bazibuse.

Inani tento ungawakhi esithi anjalo esikhathini sanje nhlobo. Izibonelo tento ezifana: ukushaya, thunga, endaweni ukubhala nabanye. Uma unikezwa umsebenzi "yakha esithi lesilinganiselwa sikhathi samanje", bese kuba khona isidingo sokuthi uyikhumbule ngalezi okuhlukile.

Isenzo kuphela, ukwakha izinhlobo ezimbili esithi yokwenziwa esikhathini samanje, lokhu hambisa - indoda eliqhutshwa umqondo; kuncike, ukuhambisa Amandla ukucabanga. Kulokhu, lo Isijobelelo ka yokwenziwa samanje esithi esivela kokubili conjugation.

Tijobelelo lesesikhatsini lesengcile

ISidlo lesesikhatsini lesengcile zenziwa kusukela bengaphelele futhi ephelele uhlobo tento :

• ezimbili - nn - ku esithi yokwenziwa isetshenziswa lapho isenzo izophela yo, -yat, -et: funda - funda, musa - ezenziwe;
• Isijobelelo -enn ibekwe ku tento isisekelo, ephela ngo s noma -it: ukuletha - alethwe, ukwenza - ephelele;
• Isijobelelo - m efakwa ukwakheka isenzo eligcina -nut, -ot, -eret, isib, vala - ivaliwe, ukugaya - phansi, kukhiyiwe - ikhiyiwe.

I isijobelelo - t liyasetshenziswa ukudala participles lesilinganiselwa tento monosyllabic, ezifana ukugeza - wageza, ukushaya - washaywa nabanye.

Ezinye tento, isibonelo, ukuthatha, bheka, uthando, musa ukudala esithi yokwenziwa, futhi kusukela tento eligcina -sti, -ST, esikhatsini lesengcile akhiwa mhlawumbe kusuka samanje noma isikhathi esizayo:

• alethe ekhaya - walethwa ekhaya;
• ukuba sibe nokholo - ukholo etholakele;
• ukweba iwashi - silindile intshontshiwe.

Kulezi zibonelo, tento sikhatsi lesitako kodwa esithi esidlule.

amafomu participles

esithi Passive beze 2 amafomu esikhathini esidlule futhi esikhathini samanje - ephelele sikubeke. Ngendlela Ngamafuphi, ukuncika phezu izinombolo, endaweni eyodwa - ikhefu, njengoba kungabonakala ukusikisela okulandelayo:

• Passive samanje esithi: edolobheni, washisa (.. ubulili besilisa, inani amayunithi) - edolobheni yashiswa; edolobheni yashiswa - edolobheni yashiswa (ubuningi.);
• amafomu iDemo esikhatsini lesengcile: incwadi ufunde ngokushesha - incwadi yayifundwa ngokushesha;

amafomu Okugcwele babe tijobelelo ezimbili -n: -nn, -enn kuyilapho omunye - n - kafushane esithi yekwentiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i ngcono version - version of the ngcono kokudla imicabango imfihlo - imicabango utaeny. Akubona bonke yenhlanganyelo yalolu hlobo ube nohlobo lamafisha, sib, isigqila, efundisa govorimy nabanye.

Njengoba umusho, ngamafuphi njengalawa esithi Imininingwane yokwenziwa angaqiniseka, kodwa ngokuvamile kakhulu ke isilandiso:

• indlela (Okufanele ukwenze) zambozwa amahlamvu igolide (isenzo);

• indodakazi balala, ingoma lasenza (definition) (ini?);
• umculo eziphefumulelwe, (ini?) Ngaqala ukudansa (incazelo).

Ngo ngesimo isilandiso esithi emfushane zisebenzisa asizayo noma kungase kube ehlukile, isibonelo, esitolo ivuliwe - esitolo wavula.

Nokwehla participles

Njengoba yokwenziwa esithi tiphawulo babe izakhiwo efanayo, bangakwazi ukuncika amacala (amayunithi. Inombolo), izinombolo izinhlobo. esithi Okugcwele yokwenziwa enalokho kuthambekela njengoba izinhlobo ezifanayo tiphawulo, okungukuthi, amacala, womama nezinombolo. ISidlo emfushane ingenza kuphela ukuncika izinombolo bese ushiye.

• Futhi - abaphendulayo (abantu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (female) abaphendulayo (labantu) okwaxoxwa (izingane);
• P - okwaxoxwa (umuntu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (female) abaphendulayo (labantu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (izingane);
• D - abaphendulayo (umuntu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (owesifazane), abaphendula imibuzo (abantu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (izingane);
• B - okwaxoxwa (umuntu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (female) abaphendulayo (labantu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (izingane);
• T - abaphendulayo (umuntu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (female) abaphendulayo (labantu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (izingane);
• P - (v) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (umuntu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (owesifazane), abaphendula imibuzo (labantu) kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa (izingane).

Ngesimo capsule, ungakhetha ubulili kanye nenombolo ye eziphathelene wenhlanganyelo ibizo noma isabizwana: umuntu ngemibuzo, lo wesifazane sabuza, labantu okwaxoxwa, izingane okwaxoxwa.

Ukuya participles ubukele isiphawulo

Iziphakamiso yokwenziwa samanje esithi (izibonelo ngezansi) Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukufeza indima tiphawulo, futhi belahlekelwa kulesi sigaba, njengoba isikhathi ukubaluleka njalo nokuzuza lwento sici. Ngokwesibonelo, isikebhe laden, wabhaka pie.

Lokhu izinhlobo engavamile athwale amagama achazayo, kuyilapho bona abhalwe ngendlela esithi yokwenziwa nomunye - Mnu : NN, isibonelo - uma kukhona amazwi amaningi, khona-ke wabeka ezimbili ku isijobelelo

• kwesilwane esilimele - wagwazwa sesilo;
• laden isikebhe - isikebhe zithwesiwe izinhlanzi;
• khekhe nezitini - amakhukhi enzuzweni kuhhavini.

Ngo participles yokwenziwa kokuba isiqalo njalo ezimbili - n in the isijobelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, incibilikiswa, sithuthukiswe elikhethekile, akhazimula, nabanye.

I isijobelelo -ovanny njalo ebhaliwe ezimbili - wesifunda, ngisho nalapho isakramente wadluliswa ibe isiphawulo - epikinikini, umuntu ofanelekayo.

Particle "hhayi" ku esithi yokwenziwa

Ngo amasakramente, nge Ibizo achazayo noma isabizwana, le kuyizinhlayiyana "cha" njalo ebhaliwe ngokwehlukana. Ngokwesibonelo:

• okwaholela egalaji endleleni Akususiwe - okwaholela egalaji akususiwe kweqhwa ithrekhi;
• itiye sidle kwaba etafuleni - hhayi dopit itiye umama kwaba etafuleni.

Nge iDemo esithi yokwenziwa "cha" kuyizinhlayiyana ebhaliwe ngokwehlukana: it is hhayi kuqeda, inkinga ingaxazululwa, indlela awukapheli.

izimpawu zokuloba lapho ebhalela participles

ISidlo ngamazwi ebucayi, isithombe iphendula, alinikela ovelele ukhefane. Leli yizwi ichaza isakramente ibizwa ngokuthi uzimisele. Uma isakramente uyasukuma izwi, akukho ukhefana: amabhlogo itshe uphahlwe endleleni kwaholela kwepaki. Ukukhethwa yiyona inzuzo ezihlobene isabizwana: evuswa amazwi, wasukuma ngokushesha.

ISidlo, emi emva izwi ivelele iphuzu: i-ngemoto, yanqamula ngodaka. Uma wenhlanganyelo ngamazwi engaphansi ngibe ngimi maphakathi komusho, ivelele izimpawu zokubhala nhlangothi zombili: emotweni, yanqamula ngodaka, ezadlula.