Izinhlobo ekuqhutshweni. Izinhlobo ukulamula umbango ezinqubeni

Ukwephula imithetho nakanjani akuhileli ukubandakanywa osonile ubulungiswa. Njengoba kukhona ubugebengu kobukhulu kanye nemiphumela ehlukene obuhlukahlukene nesijeziso kufanele kube ezifanele. Kungenxa nalesi nokulingwa ukucabanga kukhona ngezigaba ayisisekelo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola umqondo kanye nezinhlobo ubulungiswa Russian.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "tinchubo"?

zomthetho - kuyinto imithetho, kufaka phakathi noma uMthethosisekelo Russian Federation futhi imithetho yenqubo ukuze kuhlolwe nekusombulula amacala ezinkantolo. Imithetho yezwe ngokuqinile ebekiwe izinhlobo kokwenzekayo kanye izigaba zenqubo.

Phakathi izinyathelo yilezi:

• Ukuqalwa kokwenzekayo (ukuqeqeshwa);
• kuhlolwe inkantolo;
• kwesigwebo noma ukwahlulela, okuyinto, kuyoqala ukusebenza emva kwesikhathi esithize, uma isinqumo icala.

Inkantolo, njengoba umthetho, akukwazi umqalisi inqubo kwecala. Ukuze ajabulise ekuqhutshweni kudingekile nesisekelo esingokomthetho futhi isikhalazo esisemthethweni eNkantolo abathintekayo kule nqubo, izakhamuzi (abantu) noma ugunyaziwe ukwenza lokho (isibonelo, abomthetho). Ukwelashwa isinyathelo angase ethulwa ngesimo kwesimangalo, isikhalazo, amasamanisi, nabanye.

Izinhlobo ubulungiswa Russian

RF uMthethosisekelo ngokuqinile ehlukanisa Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlobo umbango. Ngokusho Art. 118 soMthethosisekelo, zikhona 4 izinhlobo tinchubo:

1. YoMthethosisekelo - uqaphe ekusetshenzisweni kwamanye ngemfanelo nokulandela iziqondiso soMthethosisekelo zamanje.
2. Civil. Leli qembu yakhula kakhulu futhi kanye lezindaba zomphakathi, sifaka izinhlobo ezahlukene ukulamula tinchubo, isihloko okuyinto ukuvikela amalungelo ejenti kwezomnotho.
3. Administration kabani Ububanzi kuyinto kobukhulu icala ngaphansana lobugebengu.
4. Criminal - ibheka eziyingozi kakhulu emphakathini zobugebengu (lobugebengu).

tinchubo ngokomthethosisekelo

Justice emkhakheni izinqubo ngokomthethosisekelo iphethe iGceke Russian Federation, lolimi umsebenzi oyinhloko okuyinto ukulawula nesikhathi iziqondiso esikhishwe bill main wezwe yoMthethosisekelo. Uma inkantolo uveza nokuthi isenzo normative noma ingxenye yayo kuphambene noMthethosisekelo, umuntu noma umgwamanda elikhiphe nesenza ngayo, siphoqelekile ukukhansela bill noma senza ukulungisa okudingekayo.

Kukhona izici eziningana ukuthi ukuhlukanisa yonke ezinye izinhlobo tinchubo eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ecubungula ububanzi emincane izinkinga, isinqumo esithathwayo ngalolu enkantolo uzangena amandla hhayi emva kwesikhathi esithize, futhi ngokushesha emva isimemezelo. Futhi, lesi sinqumo iyakuba kokugcina, futhi akazange afune isiqinisekiso besithathu, nakuzo iziphathimandla, futhi ayikwazi isikhalo.

Izinhlobo of Civil Inqubo ye Russian Federation

tinchubo Civil uveza ukwahlulela emkhakheni umthetho wangasese, okusho ilalela amacala ezivukayo phakathi bamazwe isiRashiya, abantu (wemvelo noma womthetho). Iziphathimandla Authorized kule ndawo kukhona izinkantolo commercial futhi enkantolo yamacala.

Kuye ngendaba ubudlelwane zomthetho ezizimele, kungashiwo ihlukaniswe ukukhiqizwa ezisetshenziswa umphakathi (abantu zemvelo amacala) kanye ukulamula umbango (izinhlangano ibhizinisi) ekuqhutshweni. Izinhlobo ekuqhutshweni civil, ngokuvumelana ikhodi zenqubo yezwe, yilezi ezilandelayo:

• tinchubo Civil. Kusekelwe a isimiso sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe, okuyinto sivikele izimangalo zawo lomuntu ngamunye futhi kuphikiswe okuphambene izidingo ohlangothini. Inqubo kwesimangalo ummangali ngaso sonke isikhathi senze (ukufaka icala) kanye ummangalelwa.
• tinchubo sase lihlukile isimangalo sokuthi akukho ingxabano, it is ucabangela endabeni izakhamuzi ekukhokheni. Lolu hlobo Isivivinyo documentary esekelwe umyalelo wenkantolo (isinqumo, ijaji lakhipha), othi kwi impahla noma yokutakula semali esasivela okweletayo.
• Ukukhiqizwa Special. It ahluke kwezinye izinhlobo e ukuthi abathintekayo ecaleni elilodwa kuphela, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuguqula isimo wezomthetho ezinye izinqubo. Izibonelo ukukhiqizwa ngokukhethekile yilona Ukucabangela Ezimweni ezinjalo, njengoba ukuqashelwa isakhamuzi ilahlekile (efile), ingane yokutholwa, ukuqashelwa yokukhubazeka womuntu, esibhedlela ayimpoqo we esibhedlela ngokwengqondo, ukuqashelwa impahla ownerless futhi ukudlulisa ubunikazi yona iziphathimandla zendawo kanye nabanye.
• Ukukhiqizwa amacala ezisuka kusukela izinqubo yomphakathi. Esifundeni namacala alolu hlobo ekuqhutshweni zihlanganisa: Endabeni izakhamuzi yokumelana ezithile iziqondiso, izinqumo noma izenzo iziphathimandla zendawo noma ezinye iziphathimandla zikahulumeni, kanye nezinye ezindabeni zomphakathi, ukucabangela olungena ngaphansi kwekhono eNkantolo Civil.

Emkhakheni icala yangasese wezomthetho abantu zomthetho ucabangela ukulamula umbango tinchubo, umqondo, izinhlobo zazo zithandelana ekuqhutshweni civil. Kodwa kunomehluko: ezinye ekuqhutshweni ukulamula umbango ukuza beyiqembu ezimele, ezifana Ukubuyekeza kwemacala ukuqashelwa ucabanga (ngamanye amazwi, lo ukungakwazi we esemthethweni), kanti ukungakwazi zomthetho umuntfu lophilako kufakwe civil umbango iqembu elikhethekile. Ngakho, izinhlobo ukulamula umbango ekuqhutshweni kanje:

• Isimangalo.
• Special.
• Ukuqhutshwa amacala ezivela emphakathini.
• Ukukhiqizwa amacala ezikweletini.
• Kwezinye izimo.

tinchubo yokuqondisa

Le ndawo ukubukwa wobulungisa zokuphatha kukhona amacala akufanelekela isishayamthetho njengoba amacala emphakathini-elimazayo. Lokhu kungaba ukuziphatha ngokungafanele, ukwephula imithetho yomgwaqo, impahla umonakalo yomunye, nabanye. Njengoba isijeziso amacala zokuphatha kungase kufaneleke, bokuhlukaniswa amalungelo athile, baphoqwa ukuba enze inkonzo yomphakathi.

Ukukhiqizwa amacala obugebengu

Kulicala afanelekele ukuba ubugebengu eziyingozi emphakathini kanye libhekene kobukhulu eliphakeme kuka ukwephulwa zokuphatha. Ngakho, isijeziso izenzo ezinjalo sina - wayencisha kumuntu osonile wenkululeko, nakho ezimweni eziningi ngenxa izimo ezinciphisa icala kungaba nemigomo (okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwemihlambi lowo okonile ezindaweni yeziboshwa).

Izinhlobo zobulelesi zihlukaniswe ekuqhutshweni yangasese futhi adversarial, lapho ngenye inhlangano kudinga esinye Luhambo babe necala lobugebengu, tinchubo zomphakathi kanye adversarial, umshushisi lapho igunya lomphakathi izenzo.