Ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo inkantolo

Uhlelo zokwahlulela ezweni lakithi lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhotho esungulwe ngokuhambisana ikhono lakhe, wabeka phambi kwabo izinkinga kanye nemigomo yakhe. Okwamanje, iRussia uhlelo ezinkantolo, kodwa kunalokho isakhiwo esiqondile enkantolo. Bangakwazi ihlukaniswe ezindaweni 3 ezinkulu ezinkulu kakhulu - ukulamula umbango, enkantolo yamacala kanye nehambisana nomthethosisekelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe amaqembu alezi zinhlanga.

izinkantolo ngokomthethosisekelo

Asiqale ngayo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo - ingenye izinkantolo ezibaluleke kakhulu esimweni sethu. Kunalokho, ungoyedwa ebaluleke kakhulu. iGceke Russian Federation yoMthethosisekelo kuphela unethuba ukuhumusha obala uMthethosisekelo State, ukuqaqa mpikiswano phezu division ngamakhono kanye neziphathimandla ukuze afeze amasheke ku ukuhambisana uMthethosisekelo imibhalo ehlukahlukene neziqondiso. Nokho imisebenzi yayo zihlanganisa isethulo olusemthethweni benihlambalaza uMongameli for ukuvukela umbuso noma elinye icala engengaphansi sina.

INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo Sakhiwo kuhlanganisa yomthethosisekelo (ogunyaziwe) izinkantolo izifundo. Abakwazi kokubili kube futhi kungabi, okungukuthi, ukuba khona kwabo kunqunywa kakhulu isihloko Federation. Ngo-republic azimele, zabizwa ngokuthi ngokomthethosisekelo, kwezinye izifundo (ngoba abanayo lomthethosisekelo Charter), ngokulandelana, abizwa ngokuthi izimiso. imisebenzi yabo ifana ne weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, kodwa amandla abo Namanje kungagcini insimu futhi indawo isihloko.

Ezinkantolo yomthetho jikelele

Isaziso esibalulekile: Russia manje isakhiwo enkantolo sihlanganisa kubaphathi bamasosha, kodwa-ke, zifana kakhulu ezisetshenziswa umphakathi. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi ahloselwe ukuthunyelwa amayunithi ibutho (inkantolo ye Abezempi - esifundeni enkantolo yezempi - Yezempi Collegium zeNkantolo Ephakeme), ngakho-ke bhala mayelana amakhotho wamasotja akwenzi mqondo kabanzi.

Inkantolo eyinhloko yezwe futhi ezahlukeneyo zalo

INkantolo Ephakeme - ubukhulu inkantolo iyona arbiter sokugcina kunoma zonke izinhlawulo zobulelesi, civil kanye nezokuphatha. Ngokusho okokuqala, kwenkantolo ukuthi endaweni encane kakhulu ibhizinisi. Kukhona iyingxenye amabhodi 4 - civil, zokuphatha, isigebengu futhi ibhodi lempi.

Isakhiwo izinkantolo Russian kusho ukuthi iNkantolo Ephakeme - ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu. A isihloko iNkantolo Ephakeme (kazwelonke, esifunda, inkantolo yendawo) - inkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke tesifundvo. Ubizwa ahlola konke ungenalo ilungelo lokubuyekeza etinkantolo letiphansi. Ngokuvamile, lapho udlala indima izinkantolo yokudlulisela amacala kanye aphansi ehilelekile isikhalazo. Inkantolo zezikhonzi wahlanganyela inani elilinganiselwe kakhulu lwamacala. Ngokwesibonelo, uzicabangela kokuthethwa kwecala eziphathelene zamaphini weSigungu Federal, futhi zecala, okuyizinto isimo imfihlo iyiphi imininingwane yakho eyimfihlo futhi awuvunyelwe ukudalulwa jikelele. Isakhiwo iNkantolo Ephakeme uveza ukuthi amajaji ekhipha imisebenzi yayo ezingeni elifanayo.

izinkantolo kaMasipala kanye wesifunda

Regional (wedolobha) inkantolo - ethile ye amacala civil kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu lezi zinkantolo kunqunywa imithetho abafanele nemithetho. Nokho, ngokuvamile, izinkantolo lesifunda ukuhlola izingxabano impahla, inani elilinganisiwe okuyinto ruble ezingaphezu kuka-50 000., Izingxabano (ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla), isiphathimandla sesikhalo, kanye iningi emacaleni obugebengu.

imisebenzi Abahluleli

AmaJaji ukuthula - amajaji zephasi ngokukhanyiselwa Russian Federation emelelwa abahluleli yomthetho jikelele izinhlangano Russian ungene ohlelweni olulodwa zokwahlulela wezwe lakithi. izinkantolo Emhlabeni wonke bamelela imibuso yamazwe mathupha nabahluleli global ayokhethelwa okuthunyelwe yomzimba omele iziphathimandla kazwelonke we isihloko Russian Federation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingase abaqokelwe okuthunyelwe lomphakathi umthetho wesifunda ngokuhambisana nenqubo zokuhlola ezasungulwa Russian umthetho ndaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eRussia namuhla, akukho yomkhakha owodwa ayezosenza, isibonelo, isakhiwo iNkantolo Ephakeme washintsha ngesicelo izakhamuzi, noma kutinkhantolo tabomantji kwamiswa ikhumbula ukubukwa kanye kokuzibandakanya zabantu bendawo.

amakhotho kamarhastrata ukuhlola izingxoxo ezingokoqobo kuze ruble 50 000., Futhi zihilelekile isibuyekezo amaqembu athile non-ngempahla (ngesimo isehlukaniso, uma kungekho ngxabano ngalokhu impahla), tinchubo melkougolovnyh, kodwa futhi bathathe isinqumo izehlakalo eziphathelene ukubandakanywa abantu wemvelo noma womthetho ku zokuphatha umthwalo. Abakutholile bavunyelwe inselelo eNkantolo Federal.

izinkantolo ukulamula umbango

Isakhiwo ezinkantolo umbango siqukethe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

I Arbitration iGceke County - ngokuhambisana ubulungiswa ukulamula umbango, isimo sethu sehlukaniswe esifundeni esithile lapho izinkantolo ezifanele isebenze. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbango yombuso kanye County (ngokulinganayo njengoba ibutho, vele), akusiyo efanayo ngokwendawo futhi anda futhi 10 kuphela.

izinkantolo adlulisiwe - izinkantolo avele ukulawula sesikhalo. Kuhlola izinyathelo zomthetho kwamakhotho ukulamula yezihloko izwe kwemukeleka, kwenetisa nobuqiniso. Amalungelo we ukulamula umbango enkantolo yesikhalazo zihlanganisa:

• ukuhlolwa oku yezikhalazo ukuba semthethweni kanye Ukulungisiswa oda enkantolo futhi izenzo okuyinto awangeni esisemthethweni amandla izinqubo, yabukezwa ezinkantolo umbango yezihloko kwelive lakitsi;
• wokubuyekeza sezizathu kabusha wavula ngamukeleke kubo wangena force esisemthethweni izenzo zokwahlulela.

I Arbitration iGceke kuncike - ohlelweni kwetinkhantolo leli qembu azikho emakhotho wesifunda, lapho konke iqala izikhonzi izinkantolo. izinkantolo Arbitration ukuhlola ekuqhutshweni ikakhulukazi ezezimali ngisho ekuqhutshweni eziphathelene ucabanga kokubili izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu.

isimo Legal futhi isikhundla sombuso abe ngabahluleli phezu kuka ngokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo Russian

Umthetho ubeka ukuthi amajaji ngazinye, abanalo zomthethosisekelo ukuze amakhono ukuze lelisu ubulungisa futhi ukufeza yabo yemfanelo eqondile uchwepheshe isisekelo. Imigomo nemiyalo abahluleli nokusetshenziswa kwamandla alo kumelwe baqiniseke iyiphi futhi zonke izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlangano, izikhulu, noma ezinye izinto zomthetho umphakathi kanye nabantu. Kuboniswa ikhotho noma amajaji, okungezona ukuhambisana nemibandela neziqondiso lamajaji kufaka imithetho ethile umthwalo.

Izimfuneko Abahluleli

Zonke amajaji abe isimo esisodwa. Ezinye izici ehlukile ngesimo esingokomthetho yabahluleli eqoshiwe ibutho (wezempi) izinkantolo nabahluleli bawo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo Russian. Njengoba isikhundla amajaji kubhekwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo enkantolo, angaphansi ezinye izidingo nezidingo, okuyinto ezibekwe Art. CRF 119: "Abahluleli unawo wonke amathuba ukuba kuphela labo bantu kukhona izakhamuzi zaseRussia, ngubani efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engamashumi amabili nanhlanu nge imfundo ephakeme (ngempela zomthetho) futhi ubudala lomsebenzi ngokuhambisana wemisebenzi yezomthetho okungenani iminyaka engu-5."

Kanye nale mibandela ngokomthethosisekelo kuchazwe umthetho futhi eziningi izimfuneko:

• AbaHluleli kumele sihlonishwe Isakhiwo sekhotho, kufanele ulandele soMthethosisekelo kanye neminye imithetho;
• AbaHluleli ekwenzeni amandla abo, kanye nobuhlobo lisemsebenzini kufanele sigweme noma yini engase ukululaza igunya zokwahlulela, babukise ngumahluleli noma avuse izinsolo e enekhono, ukungakhethi, ukungathathi ihlangothi kanye umthwalo.

AbaHluleli banqatshelwe kanyekanye kube amasekela balamule, balamuli, ubheke amaqembu setepolitiki kanye izitayela, liqalise ibhizinisi, kanye isevisi kuhlanganiswe umahluleli nanoma iyiphi enye umsebenzi oholelayo, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukwephula Ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo inkantolo. Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho. Ngokwesibonelo, amajaji bavumelekile bahlanganyele ngokucwaninga, ngokufundisa lokubhala, nezinye umsebenzi wokudala. Umthetho Ukwedlula kudinga okuthunyelwe lamajaji aqokwe ngamanye, hhayi a fait izenzo isithunzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu osho okuthunyelwe ka umahluleli kumelwe kudlule luhlolo isimo labafanelekako.