Izinhlobo kanye nezici lokunakekela Chrysanthemums

Class bipartite Asteridy subclass inqubo calycerales, Asteraceae (Asteraceae), a subfamily of Asteraceae, isitshalo zisetshenziswa noma yonyaka - konke Chrysanthemum. It is lisetshenziswe nengadi abalulekile ngasekupheleni-isitshalo, futhi kuyinto ehamba phambili srezochnyh isiko, simo sesibili emva rose in ukuthandwa.

Umlando "Golden Imbali"

Ngo isiko Chinese - izincwadi, imidwebo, imbali kufanekisa kubalulekile. Ukuze ezisekhona kuvubukulwa - a vase nge umfanekiso Chrysanthemums, okuyinto iminyaka 2500. Izicukuthwane bahlakulela izinhlobo ezimbalwa Chrysanthemums ke njengoba ubufakazi ezalwa zasebukhosini.

inflorescences ophuzi okusagolide, okuyinto cishe akazange zehluke zasendle ziye zasetshenziswa hhayi nje njengomuntu zokuhlobisa, kodwa futhi njengoba imithi futhi ezidliwayo.

Ngo landscape ukuklama izinhlobo ezidumile Chrysanthemums oluhlaza, izithombe zazo ivezwa lapha.

Nge Chrysanthemum Chinese uxhumano nomsebenzisi sebuningini kwezithombe. Yellow - lifanekisela injabulo serene. Chrysanthemum e isithwathwa - ukumelana naso futhi kwenze aphakeme wedwa. China uye wakhetha ukunika ngamaholide imidwebo ezahlukene Chrysanthemums njengophawu ingcebo nokuchichima izifiso.

Ngo VII Chrysanthemum ngafika eJapane, lapho yafike yaba elizibekela uphawu isimo. "Kiku" - ilanga, ngakho-Japanese ukuyibiza. amacembe olunamandla, okuyizinto njalo esithombeni 16, amelela imisebe yelanga, anikeza ukuphila. Kiku - liyisibonakaliso bamandla akhe, ukuphila isikhathi eside futhi injabulo, uphawu sokuphelela.

Ekhulwini XVIII Chrysanthemum uthola abalandeli eYurophu naseMelika.

Karl Linney, umsunguli uhlelo ngezigaba ngakho konke eziphilayo emhlabeni, alinikeze igama imbali Chrysanthemum, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela YesiGreki "imbali segolide."

Igama Lesitshalo futhi Chrysanthemum izinhlobo iminyaka eside lomsebenzi zizalela baye lenyuka kakhulu.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, abalimi baye ayethanda izinhlobonhlobo elikhulu izimbali. Manje abaningi esekhulile hybrid-Korean noma engadini Chrysanthemum.

incazelo Chrysanthemum

Rhizomes kuthiwa branched, uqweqwe, zisendaweni 25 cm Basuke kwakhiwa stolons komhlaba ukujula -. Side ohlangothini amahlumela, okuyinto ayakhula emifushane sifanamsindvo namahlamvu. Amahlumela ngilimise, ngokuvamile branched, ukuphakama 25 kuya kwezingu-150 cm. Amahlamvu aba dissected, bushelelezi noma inoboya.

izimbali Ligulate emaqomeni ukucacisa ukuma ihlumela. Incazelo kanye nezinhlobo Chrysanthemums okwethulwa International Ukwahlukanisa the Dresden Institute of ukulima. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu 2 - elula terry. Amaqembu ahlukaniswe kukufake amakilasi. Iqembu Chrysanthemums elula kuhlanganisa 3 amakilasi - nemahrovye, kabili futhi Anemone. Ngu terry kukhona ukulengiswa bent, flat, hemispherical, eyindilinga, abacaphuni, pompons, paukovidnye.

Zonke izinhlobo yesimanje zihlukaniswe:

• large-- ngenkathi kususwa ohlangothini efihlekile uyakwazi ukwakha inflorescence ububanzi 1 kuya ku-30 cm;

• buketnye (branched) - abe Umumo ehlathini amaqoma (10-20 cm);

• Okuncane kakhulu;

• zokuhlobisa - usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene obumba, sifinyelele buketnye noma enkulu-fomu.

Chrysanthemums axhomeke ubude emini. Long emini kusiza ukwakha mass vegetative zezitshalo, okufutshane - amahora 14, ukukhula ngokushesha inflorescence. Silnochuvstvitelnye futhi srednechuvstvitelnye kuya-longitude ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani usuku etshalwa zokugcina. izinhlobonhlobo Neutral Site ekhanyayo.

Isikhathi izinhlobo zezimbali ababonakali ngezikhundla:

• ekuseni - eziqhakaza kusuka August kuya Okthoba;

• srednepozdnie - Okthoba kuya November;

• kamuva - phakathi kukaNovemba noDisemba.

Izimbali i ekhanyayo kudlulela yesithwathwa kakhulu.

izinhlobo ethembisa

Abalimi eyaziwa 2 amaqembu Chrysanthemums - Indian kanye yaseKorea. Chrysanthemums (zinhlobo kuba livikela kakhulu okushisa abandayo futhi Site ezikhulayo i emhlabathini olungavikelekile) akesabi yesithwathwa ukukhanya.

Incazelo kanye nezinhlobo Chrysanthemums, ethembisa sikhule isimo sezulu sifudumele, kungabonwa ngezansi:

1. Aissa - uhlobo izimbali ekuseni, nemahrovy. Izimbali okhanyayo salmon umbala, 5 cm ububanzi.

2. Kusihlwa izibani - uhlobo lomgwaqo. I inflorescences abe shintsho umbala kusuka obomvu onothileyo ophuzi emaphethelweni maphakathi.

3. Koreyanochka - blooms kakhulu kusuka July kuya ngasekupheleni kuka September ukukhanya orange obhasikidi.

4. Malchish-Kibalchish - izimbali elikhanyayo onsomi olubekwa compact, isihlahla eyindilinga. izimbali Early.

5. Amethyst - kushintsha umbala nge pink-yellow ngoJulayi ngesikhathi pink esibenyezelayo ngo-Okthoba.

6. Svetozar - izimbali Milky-white, terry. Ephakathi-ebangeni.

7. Hen ezimanakanaka - ku ehlathini columnar eningi izimbali amnyama-orange nge amacembe ophuzi nhlangothi zombili, 4 cm ububanzi.

8. Fortress - ibanga zokunqanda. It blooms kakhulu kuze frost obhasikidi oluphuzi omnyama.

9. Ampelnye grade Chrysanthemums Morifolium Cascade inikeza amancane, njenge- daisy nezimbali.

10. Alec Bedser - kutshalwa endaweni phansi ezivikelekile. Bloom ngoSepthemba imbali eyodwa aphuzi ukhilimu-onjengomlilo, ububanzi 14 cm.

Chrysanthemum ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele yemifino - esimila yonyaka. Asetshenziswa ukudla njengendlela umthombo amavithamini, amaminerali, futhi izinto eziphila abakhuthele. Chrysanthemum ebekiwe umqhele has a iphunga olubucayi futhi ukunambitheka okubabayo. Esikhathini ukudla iya mass oluhlaza izitshalo. Ngokusho okuqukethwe complex antioxidant ifaniswa nezimbewu impande ginseng. Chrysanthemum morifolium (zilwane, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo) kutshalwa zokugcina.

Ngenxa ukukhethwa kwaba izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zehlukene ukuma nombala inflorescences, ku isikhathi nobude izimbali.

Izimfuneko nemibandela ezikhulayo

Chrysanthemum, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ke ukhetha kahle avundiswa nge umquba noma mullein ezomile ene-asidi kancane. Awukwazi ukubekezelela waterlogging. On humus avundiswa ngokweqile ngenkuthalo okwandisa izinhlaka vegetative, izimbali liwohloka. Sikhula kahle emibhedeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, ovuthayo endaweni efudumele.

Ukutshala impahla ngesimo cuttings anezimpande abatshalwé inhlabathi ekupheleni yesithwathwa - e noJuni. I collar impande ubekwe ezingeni phansi. Ukuze ukutshala imisebenzi ngokukhetha izikhathi ezibandayo ngosuku noma liguqubele. Vele itshalwe yokukhosela Chrysanthemum ukusuka elangeni isisitho selanga endlini. Ngosuku lokuqala ukususa iphuzu ezikhulayo - ukwenza babancwebe kuqala. nipping elandelayo ku-2 amaviki - oluqubuka empandleni engxenyeni engenhla ihlumela.

Chrysanthemums eziqhakaza ngaphambili uma ukudala ngabo dimming kusuka 18 amahora 8 ekuseni. Ngobuningi bazithela e nesomiso kanye ngesikhathi ukukhula ihlumela.

ukunakekelwa

iminyaka 2-3 ayikwazi esekhulile ngesakhiwo efanayo zonke izinhlobo Chrysanthemums. Futhi ukunakekela substrate kufanele kube olunzulu. Enhlabathini kuyehla supply nomsoco kanye ingozi yokutheleleka livela. Ngenyanga yokuqala ye kumiswa kakhulu isihlahla - isitshalo kudinga ziba ngcono inhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokufika efihlekile sezihlahla zokuqala bazithela izikhathi 3 ngesonto. Mulching uvikela Chrysanthemum ngokumelene izinambuzane nezifo fungal. Ukusetshenziswa njengoba semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla zikaphayini izinaliti nebhalsamu namagxolo Shredded noma utshani.

Udinga ukwenza ngesikhathi sasehlobo ukusuthisa 3 - ngaphambi luthela ekuqaleni luthela futhi inkathi zezimbali aluhlaza.

Ukuze uthole isihlahla aluhlaza sithenwe sifanamsindvo. Babancwebe wenziwa ngenyanga ka-June. Ngo izitshalo izimbali ezinkulu side amahlumela ziyasuswa, uhlinzeka ukukhula ezinkulu. Esikhathini esikhulu-shiya 1 noma 2 umoba.

ubusika

Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo Chrysanthemum Korean kubekezelelwe ubusika ekhanyayo ezindaweni ezomile kahle. Ubusika phezu kwenhlabathi ezimanzi kuyingozi imbali. Chrysanthemums ukwenza eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi, izihlahla impande kanye hilling. Khona-ke ukufuya amagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele. Singasho imbozwe amabhokisi sokhuni zokulala ezindala ukuze qedani phezulu. Lapho kuqala entwasahlobo ukususa ubudala sifanamsindvo kanye amahlumela. Underground ohlangothini amahlumela uyonika impilo entsha imbali.

Ukubolekisa thermophilic Chrysanthemum ubusika egumbini eliqhakazile lokushisa 5-7 ° C. Amabhokisi ezibekwe izitshalo cut okusezingeni eliphezulu. Njengoba sekunama-lwegciwane bazithela ngokulinganisela.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Imbewu ezihlwanyelwe emhlabathini omanzi ngasekupheleni ebusika. Fafaza phansi akudingekile - imbewu ziqhume ekukhanyeni. Amahlumela etholwe zafakwa amabhodwe, inhlabathi utshalwe Meyi, kuze kube emithonjeni.

Lapho cuttings akhethiwe cultivars lesizalo ezihlabayo. Autumn usike stem cuttings abatshalwé amabhokisi futhi agcinwe kuqala ukushisa izinsuku ezingu-10, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela. Khona-ke wabeka egumbini cool. Spring kusukela ezimpandeni avele inzalo apical, loku cuttings for wokusakazeka. Ukuze uthole izihlahlana mnogostebelny cuttings sebeqala ukuvuna ngo-March kuya ku-Ephreli. Kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-June, Stocking impahla yokutshala izitshalo ezinkulu-odnostebelnyh.

Phakathi ukubuyabuyelela sokuhlukanisa ehlathini umbe entwasahlobo, zezikhali zibe izicucu futhi batshala endaweni entsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igciwane ngamunye elisuka. Kunconywa ukuba kwahlukaniswe ehlathini bese utshala njalo emva kweminyaka 3. Lokhu kuba nomphumela omuhle zezimbali.

Izinambuzane nezifo

nokugqwala White kubangelwa silwanyana Puccinia horiana, okuyinto kuncike ngokuhlukaniswa. Amahlamvu avele izindawo ezimhlophe, okuyinto ke nsundu. amahlamvu ezigulayo ayehla. Plant iyeke eziqhakaza.

Umthelela isikhunta anamorphic okubangela leaf indawo kanye stem.

Nemiqumbe futhi inflorescences abathintekayo Alternaria.

California thrips, aphid hothouse, yizimbuzane ukulimaza Chrysanthemums in zokugcina futhi ezimweni ekhanyayo.

Ikhukhamba KaMose igciwane wadluliselwa esiphelweni vegetative. Ihamba namabala ukukhanya green afe bese ewa. Thuthukisa ukusonteka nezitshalo yemifino.

Ukuze ulwe izinambuzane isikhunta usebenzisa nesikhunta kanye zinambuzane by sishaye.

Umsuka-ifindo nematode - inkathazo eziyingozi. Ukulwa ngokuvamile akusho ukuthi iholela empumelelweni. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukumba up ehlathini elinegciwane futhi eshisa.

Ungasebenzisa amakhambi abantu ukulawula izinambuzane. Uma aphid hhayi ezifuywa ngamanani amakhulu, ezihlabayo sihlanzwe ngamanzi anensipho.

Okuhle extractor yi garlic kunikeza 50 g ochotshoziwe garlic 1 inkomishi yamanzi kuthululwe. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-30, lemifanekiso bese wengeza 800 ml wamanzi. 1.5 izinkomishi kukhishwe buhlanjululwe in ibhakede lamanzi futhi bechitha sezihlahla.

Kusukela nezilokazane nezifo ayikwazi ukususwa ngaphandle izinyathelo:

1. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ezijulile ekwindla yokumba site - ubusika izibungu futhi iziphungumangathi ayafa.

2. Ukhula ungabhubhisi kuphela eduze izimbali kanye in zokugcina, kodwa futhi lonke isayithi.

3. Sula wonke amathuluzi ingadi nokwakhiwa abamba ukushisa.

Zonke amahlamvu Lesi sibalo sehle sisuka sezihlahla kudingeka ashise.

Chrysanthemum potted

Ukuze nokukhula okuvamile ekhaya noma izimbali emphemeni akudingeki okuningi ilanga. Amazinga elikhulu 15 ° C. Izinhlobo ezimbizeni Chrysanthemums zikhule kahle ku Peat ne asidi ongaphakeme. Ukwakheka emhlabathini potting kuhlanganisa Turf futhi humus umhlabathi, umquba wokushiswa futhi 20% isihlabathi.

Inqubo ukutshala:

• 2-3 amasonto ngaphansi eside ngosuku ukukhanya at t 20 ° C;

• lapho imini saba amahora 12 futhi t sehliselwe 18-20 ° C, izimbali iqala.

ezitheleliweyo futhi wafutha. izimbali ezikhula adinga ukufakelwa ezitsheni ezinkulu. Noma yimuphi izinhlobo Chrysanthemums zingatshalwa njengoba lokulala. Izinhlobo kulinywe zasendlini ka Chrysanthemums izimbiza kungcono ukuthatha sredneroslye - kufika ku-50 cm, zokuhlobisa kanye melkotsvetnye.

Ukhula Othandweni zokugcina

Emandleni zokugcina ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

1. cuttings kusukela ukuqala ukushisa adluliselwe ku-amabhokisi etshalwe ekhanyayo. Ekupheleni nezitshalo eziqhakazayo abatshalwé izimbiza. Khona-ke wathumela ukuba abamba ukushisa for izimbali olwengeziwe.

2. cuttings Ugxilile kungenziwa itshalwe izimbiza. Lapho amila izimbiza ehlathini adinga ivolumu emikhulu. Nezihlahla abatshalwé zokugcina ngokushesha, ngokudlula ekhanyayo.

3. ukukhula, olubhekene nezifundiswa ezingasebenzi esekelwe ukukhetha izinhlobo, futhi uyakucabangela izici begazi kwezinhlobo. Phakathi ukukhula vegetative emini kufanele kube okungenani amahora 14, t 18-20 °. Ngo ukwakheka efihlekile usuku saba amahora 10 lokushisa yehliselwa-10 °.

Ngalobu buchwepheshe kungaba eziqhakaza iminyaka 2-3. Ukuze uthole ukukhiqizwa imbali ku oyifunayo isikhathi uzimele okhulayo zonke izinhlobo Chrysanthemums kwakudingeka abamba ukushisa kahle, lapho isimo sezulu kulawulwa, dimming noma otshanini elektrodosvechivanie edingekayo nomswakama ezingeni.

imibala Various izinhlobo ezahlukene Chrysanthemums engadini okuyinto ezibekwe phezulu isithombe.

Ngo eningizimu yeCalifornia, eminyakeni engu-30 XX balimi kwekhulu ezindaweni zezimboni wazama ukutshala izilimo hydroponic ku izinhlobo ezahlukene Chrysanthemums. Futhi ukutshala indlela ezinjalo siye sasiza yimpumelelo.

Isihlabathi futhi amatshe usetshenziswa njengesibonelo substrates hydroponic.

Inzuzo phezu bendabuko indlela hydroponic wukuthi izimbali uyoveza amahlumela eqinile, amaqabunga inflorescences elikhanyayo ezinemibala ngokucebile, kwakhiwa uhlelo enamandla impande.

Chrysanthemums, ngenxa ngezici zawo zokwelapha, kanti izimbali zawo ziwukudla luningi okunenzuzo ukuba impilo yabantu. Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo - engadini, abamba ukushisa, amahlathi kanye odnosteblevye - ukudala azungeze ngokwakhe a microclimate evumayo. Inike bactericides kanye amafutha abalulekile, ngokugcwalisa umoya ukunambitheka okumunyu.

Sekuyisikhathi eside izakhiwo oqabulayo imbali ezaziwayo. Amahlamvu aqukethe amanani aphezulu micronutrients - K, MG, Zn, Se, kudingekile ukuze umuntu aphile. EChina, bakholelwa ukuthi Izimbali Chrysanthemum, ukwenziwa itiye eliluhlaza, ukwandisa ukunambitheka kwalo kuqabule futhi ayelapha.