Ukushintshashintsha kokuhlanganiswa, ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka

Ukuhlukahluka kokuguqulwa kuyimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo ukuze zivumelane nemvelo yangaphandle. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokusabela okuyizinto eziphilayo ezithinta umzimba noma bonke abantu ekushintsheni kwezimo zemvelo. Isibonelo, phansi kwelanga isikhumba sincane noma sincane sibe mnyama kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ukuhlukahluka kokuguqulwa kanye nezakhiwo zayo

Le ndawo yezinto eziphilayo inezici ezithile eziphawulekayo:

• Ukuhlukahluka kokuguqulwa kuthinta kuphela i-phenotype (izimpawu zangaphandle), kodwa akuthinti i-genotype (isethi ngayinye yolwazi lofuzo).
• Unomlingisi weqembu - uma izimo ezithile zemvelo zithinta iqembu leziphilayo, bonke abameleli bayo babona ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso ezifanayo.
• Ukubuyisela - izinguquko zenzeka ngethonya eliqhubekayo lezici ezithile. Uma udlulisela umzimba kwezinye izimo noma ususe ithonya lesici, ke izinguquko ze-phenotypic zanyamalala.
• Izinguquko ezenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezici zangaphandle azizuzi njengefa.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuguquguquka kokuguqulwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngenqubo yokukhethwa kwemvelo. Iqiniso liwukuthi imvelo isinda kulabo abaphila ngokuvumelana nezimo, ikakhulukazi ngokushintsha okubucayi kwezici zangaphandle. Ukuhlukahluka kombuthano nokuguquguquka akuhlinzeki ngokugcwele umzimba ngokukwazi ukujwayela.

Ukushintshashintsha kokushintsha: izibonelo

Ngokwemvelo, ungathola izibonelo eziningi zezinguquko ezinjalo emzimbeni. Ngezansi kukhona okuvame kakhulu.

• Lapho ukhuphuka izintaba, lapho isimo sezemvelo sishintsha khona, ukwanda kwenani lamaseli obomvu kubonakala egazini lomuntu noma isilwane, okuqinisekisa ukuhlinzeka kwe-oxygen evamile.
• Uma ivuliwe emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ezikhungweni zesikhumba, kukhishwa okukhulu kwezingulube.
• Njengomphumela wokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, inqwaba yemisipha iyanda kakhulu. Emva kokuqedwa komsebenzi umzimba kancane kancane ulahlekelwa ukuqina, imisipha iyancipha ngobukhulu.
• Uma i-hare ye-Himalayan ihanjiswe isetshenziselwa ukulinganisela izimo zezulu futhi ihlambulule umzimba, ingubo entsha izoba grey.
• Uma izihlahla sezivele zineziqabunga ezigcwele ngokugcwele, futhi ebusuku zizophazamiseka ukushisa okuncane, bese ekuseni ubona uphawu olubomvu.

Ukuze uqonde uhlobo lokuguqula ukulungiswa, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka.

Ukuhlukahluka kombuthano

Ukuhluka okunjalo kubonakala njengomphumela wokuphindaphinda kwezakhi zofuzo ngesikhathi kuhlanganiswa kwe-gametes. Manje cabanga ngesibonelo: uma uyise wengane enamehlo aluhlaza nezinwele ezimnyama, futhi unina unezinwele ezimhlophe namahlo aluhlaza. Ingane ingazalwa ngamehlo aluhlaza kanye nezinwele ezimhlophe, noma izinwele ezimnyama namahlo aluhlaza. Yilezi zinguquko ze-phenotypic ezinganeni ezinikezwa ukuhlukahluka kokuhlanganiswa.

Ukuhlukahluka komthelela

Izinguquko zenzeka lapho imvelo ibonakala kuma-chemical, physique or biological mutagens. Ukuhlukahluka komngcele ngokuphambene nokuguqulwa:

• Ukuphakama ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukubikezela;
• Kubangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo;
• Izinguquko zomsindo ziyaqhubeka futhi zizuzwa njengefa;
• Izinguquko zomzimba zingabhekana nezinkinga zombili, futhi zibangele ukukhubazeka kuze kube semphumela obulalayo;
• Azincike ezimweni zemvelo;
• Vuka ngabanye ngabanye;

Njengoba ubona, ukuhlukahluka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eyithinta kokubili i-genotype kanye nezici ze-phenotypic. Kungenxa yokuguqulwa, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nezinguquko ezenza izinto ziguquke kancane kancane, zithuthukise futhi ziguqule izinguquko.