Izinkinga emvelweni Russian ehlane arctic

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo esogwadule arctic like simiso semvelo sezulu ukwakha Ushintsha ebusweni bomhlaba. Umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ukhathalela ukuncibilika kweqhwa, kanye phansi abampofu, futhi ngakho izimila nezilwane ye-Arctic ezindaweni nezimfunda. Ekuqaphela izinkinga zaleli ethambile, kodwa eziphilayo ezibalulekile - isinyathelo sokuqala maqondana kulondolozwe ukuphila emhlabeni.

Lapho mncane khona kwamangqamuzana

Arctic - amaphethelo angasenyakatho aleli endaweni eziyizigidi ezingu-27 amakhilomitha square, yomngcele oseningizimu okuyinto ubhekwa yomngcele oseningizimu zone nezimfunda. abayizigidi ezingu-6 kuphela amakhilomitha square - kuyinto izwekazi laseYurophu, I-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Cishe abayizigidi ezingu-4 amakhilomitha square ewela esiqhingini izindawo.

Ingabe ezikhathalela kakhulu izinguquko kancane ikhono ongaphakeme lokuzelapha, semvelo esogwadule Arctic nezimfunda basengozini kakhulu. Uyahlupheka Futhi ngokuvamile sendawo zinhlobo yokwakheka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zidinga ukwelashwa niqaphelisise.

Lokho - okungukuthi,

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza okusongela simiso semvelo emathafeni zasezindaweni ezibandayo, zingahlukaniswa zibe yemvelo futhi indoda. Kodwa yilesi sigaba kunemibandela. Zonke izinqubo emhlabeni oxhumene izindikimba ayetholakala, ngezinye izikhathi akuzona sobala at efika kuqala. Kodwa kwemvelo emphakathini ngesizathu esihle ngamazwe nge-yalolucwaningo 90 ngenkuthalo ukwethula nokuthuthukisa umqondo yentuthuko esimeme, ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye kwemvelo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo. nobungozi-Arctic eziningi, kodwa thina ngeke ukugqamisa izinkinga eziphawulekayo kunazo kwemvelo ye-Arctic ezingwadule.

I Ukushisa iplanethi

Emongweni yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kwatholakala ukuthi e-Arctic esifudumeza ngokushesha kunokuba nezinye izifunda. Futhi ngemiphumela okwandayo namazinga okushisa aphakeme nazi esithinta umhlaba wonke. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze iqhwa elisolwandle i-Arctic angaqala zinyamalale ngokuphelele ehlobo.

Imiphumela yalokhu kuyoba nokwenyuka ngisho nakakhulu lokushisa. Phela, iqhwa lase-Arctic ibonisa emisebeni yelanga, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa emhlabeni. Kakade ngokushona kwabantu namabhere ngenxa yokuqhelelana ezinkulu phakathi zeqhwa manje isilungisiwe. Lezi izakhamizi eqinile bomdabu enyakatho balahlekelwa amandla yacwila.

Isisetshenziswa esifundeni ocebile

Izinhlobo zezimayini nokumbiwa ukuhlola (uwoyela, igesi) kuholela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo ukusilaphazeka. Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo of ezingwadule Arctic ezihlobene hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukiswa emkhakheni e-Arctic, kodwa futhi ivela kwezinye izifunda ala makhemikhali. emfuleni ukugeleza ku-Arctic Ocean kuphela waletha engamakhulu amathani ambalwa samafutha angcolile. Ukususwa kwaleso sikhunta kwabiza ka nenhlabathi ingcoliswe ngamafutha zone ukukhiqizwa ngokuvamile kuphela Okusemthethweni.

Izingozi zihlanganisa ukuvuza kanye ochithekile phakathi isizinda salo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ovela eceleni ka umkhiqizo kawoyela - igesi i-methane, kanye indima yalo kuleli ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu.

ukuzingela ngokungemthetho engalawuliwe

Ukuze embonini kawoyela ezonini Arctic ka abasolwa beze. Futhi lokhu akuyona umzingeli, oye zazifike isihlibhi. Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ezindaweni ngaphambili ongakasetshenzwa - indlela abazingeli ihlelwe. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-300 polar uzalela ukuwa ngonyaka ngaphansi amachashazi of abazingela ngokungemthetho. isizinda emthethweni whitefish futhi Sturgeon e sifinyelela engezansi imifula Western eSiberia - kuphela ingxenye encane kuveza izinkinga zemvelo Russian ehlane arctic.

Inkinga komhlaba

Gqamisa ukuthi elilulaza izinga komhlaba e-Arctic - imithelela endawo nokuthuthukiswa uwoyela noma ukungcola emifuleni nasolwandle, akunakwenzeka. Nokho, enhlabathini Nenets Autonomous District aqukethe inani eliphezulu petroleum hydrocarbon, ngezinye izikhathi leli nani idlula izinga izikhathi eziyishumi.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa abakwazi kuphela ukudala izinkinga zemvelo e-Russian Arctic ezingwadule, kodwa futhi ungaba yingozi embulungeni yonke.

Negesi namafutha emashalofini

ubuchwepheshe besimanje iye yasiza izinkampani amandla kukhishwe izinsiza sogu lolwandle. Zemvelo okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa Amasimu sogu lolwandle kuyingozi kakade zokuzamazama komhlaba ukuhlola isigaba, ingasaphathwa zokuthutha ngu ngamaloli noma amapayipi.

izinkinga emvelweni Russian ehlane arctic sekuqalile ne ukufakwa yesikhulumi imishini "Prirazlomnaja" ( "Gazprom") kuleli prishelfnom endaweni oLwandle Pechora.

Ezweni azikho izindlela eziphumelelayo uwoyela imidlalo ezimweni esenyakatho okushisa aphansi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe ngamazwe, uma endaweni amanzi ngo-10% embozwe iqhwa, lo yokuhlanza mechanical kusho ayizwakali. Ukuqina uwoyela ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, ibanga ukusuka ezisekelweni ezwekazini ukunciphisa kungenzeka kukawoyela.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo ye-Arctic ehlane, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa sogu lolwandle akuzona elinganiselwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini izizathu ezaholela ukuvuza uwoyela (ukungqubuzana yeqhwa, isibonelo, ayithi sasingeke sikwazi), kuzobangela nemiphumela eyinhlekelele kwabamele izwe abahlala. Drilling platform "Prirazlomnaja" ingamakhilomitha angu esingaphansi 100 emgceni locondzile kusukela Nenets Reserve futhi eziningana iziqiwu ebaluleke sikahulumeni. Futhi kuvela isimo esifanayo ebonwe nezinye izindima igesi namafutha emashalofini lwamagugu avikelwe ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zemvelo yeRussia.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo esogwadule arctic nezimfunda ayigcini lezi zibonelo. I Russian Federation futhi emazweni ayingxenye -Arctic Council (1996), kukhona emikhulu imizamo ngamazwe okuhloswe ngaso ekulondolozeni isimiso semvelo namanje kakhulu yayinjalo e-Arctic.