Izinkinga eyinhloko zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo umnotho Russian

Izinto ezingokwemvelo ziyisisekelo impucuko womuntu futhi ekuthuthukeni kwayo kwezomnotho. Zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa abantu baphume imvelo. Yiqiniso, ukuthuthukiswa isayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinguquko emkhakheni kwezomnotho zivame kakhulu kuguqule indlela, ububanzi kanye namafomu ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo. Njengamanje, ezakhiwe yesibili izinto Isikhwama, adalwe yezabasebenzi. Noma kunjalo, umthombo wokuqala wanoma zezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya amandla engaba khona imithombo yemvelo.

Nezokongiwa Kwemvelo ku Russian Federation

Uyini yemvelo isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni Russian? Kulo lonke izwe kukhona omningi ngezinto zemvelo futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa. Kufanele ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa STP, indima yazo ekukhuleni komphakathi sigcizelelwa. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa izidingo elandayo labantu. Ukuba kukhululwe isamba elanele umkhiqizo edingekayo inani okuhambisanayo of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, kusukela imvelo esithathwayo izinto ezingasho. Ekhulwini le-17, base yemvelo-resource of emnothweni Russian kwamiswa ikakhulu ngezithukuthuku ihlathi namasimu. Ngekhulu le-19 ku endaweni yokuqala wathutha netshe yensimbi namalahle.

Yiziphi izinkinga zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo emnothweni Russian?

Okwamanje, ungabona ukwanda umkhiqizo kawoyela, izinsimbi non-ayoni, igesi. Zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu namuhla zithola namathafa acwebile efanelekayo ukuphumula, amasheya ezingavamile, izinto zenuzi eluhlaza, amanzi ahlanzekile. Yemvelo-isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni Russian odinga isimo sengqondo ngokucophelela. alondoloza zemvelo kulinganiselwe. Ukulondoloza ukushuba komnotho ngokuthi kuvuleleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemithombo yemvelo cishe isiphelile namuhla. Njengamanje, ngaphezulu futhi sobala ngokwengeziwe kwaba elinganiselwe umhlaba, hlathi imithombo yamanzi. Yiziphi izinkinga zemvelo isisetshenziswa lezisekelo kwemnotfo ERussia namuhla, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto efaneleke kakhulu? Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Air kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
2. Ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba.
3. ongcolile nomsindo.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu amahlathi, flora, nezilwane, izidubedube.
5. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukusilaphazeka.

Izinkinga zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo umnotho eRussia kufanele zixazululwe ezingeni zikahulumeni. Okwamanje, sisungule ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo ku ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo imithombo.

izinhlobo esitokisini

Yemvelo-isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni Russian libhekwa ngemacembu ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi labo noma ezinye izimfanelo. Ngakho, ahlukaniswe ukubaluleka kwezomnotho:

1. Balance izinqolobane. Zibizwa ngokuthi ngokwemibandela futhi. Ethwele kubhekwa imithombo enjalo, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto buyafaneleka kezomnotho nokwenzeka okwamanje. Bahlangana nezimfuneko umkhakha futhi ngokuya izinga nemibandela lobuchwepheshe ukusetshenziswa.
2. Balance izinqolobane (eliphansi). Lezi zihlanganisa imithombo, ukuxhashazwa okuyinto engeke asebenze namuhla. Lokhu kungenxa amandla amancane imali, ongaphakeme-value ingxenye, ubunkimbinkimbi imvelo yokusebenza, isidingo nokuqalisa zokuwugaya ekhethekile. Nokho, off-balance sheet reserves kungase kamuva zibe isihloko ukuthuthukiswa.

isisekelo Kwezomnotho izinsiza zihlukaniswe zibe:

1. Material futhi ukukhiqiza, kwezezimboni nakwezolimo kanye. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa: izinsimbi, zokubasa, inhlanzi, ukhuni, amanzi, njll izinto. Ukuze amasheya ezolimo zihlanganisa izitshalo ukudla, inhlabathi, umdlalo izilwane, nokunye.
2. izinsiza Nonproductive. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, izinto ngqo (isiko zasendle, ukudoba, amanzi isilwane ukuphuza) kanye ukusetshenziswa engaqondile (khulula landscape sokuzilibazisa, isibonelo).

Komoya namanzi

Lezi zinkinga base yemvelo-resource of emnothweni Russian manje sezibhekwa njengezindawo kube into eza kuqala. Ukungcoliswa komoya lubalulekile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu. Emadolobheni ukupholisa ezinjalo zemvelo engalethi umphumela oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela ongemuhle ukuhlinzeka imithombo mobile futhi umile yokungcola. Ngokuphathelene imizimba amanzi, ukungcola okubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwawo umkhakha futhi lokhu ikwenze kuhambe ngendlela. ezikhona abasezindaweni ezizungeze leli dolobha, ngokuvamile ngokushesha mpilo noma ukwehliswa isithunzi, ukuze umkhawulo izindleko amanzi kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kungenxa wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke isidingo sokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi ibanga okukhulu kusukela zokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu izinsiza esichithwa uhlanzekile nokucutshungulwa amanzi angenayo ngenxa izinga layo ongaphakeme.

imiphumela

Izinkinga zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo emnothweni Russian kuthinte amanye imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi. Ngakho, umthelela ongemuhle umoya ongcolile kuholela labantu unomphela izikhalazo mayelana awayiphazamisi, iphunga ezingemnandi, ukukhuphuka wezibalo obalulekile e yokugula kwabantu kanye nokushona. Njengoba amanzi, it is kwabonwa ukuthi cishe 50% sabantu bephoqeleka ukuba usebenzise izinto zokusetshenziswa, ayihambisani nezimfuneko sanitary futhi ihlanzekile. Angaphezu kuka 60% ogwini wadalula ukuguguleka nezikhukhula. Kubangela umonakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho kanti uba umthombo obengeziwe ungcolisa amanzi olwandle.

izixazululo kunokwenzeka

Yemvelo-isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni Russian, inkinga isiba zisabalele unyaka ngamunye, kudingeka siqaphelisise hhayi kuphela kusuka kuhulumeni, kodwa umphakathi uqobo. Kute kwentiwe ncono emoyeni, isibonelo, ithuthukiswe Federal target izinhlelo ezingeni, yena uqagula ekwakhiweni kanye kabusha izitshalo elimazayo. Olwenziwe imisebenzi yesayensi, ukudala Emayunithi lamasha, ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku umshini ohlanza amanzi. Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona emvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo emnothweni Russian, kubalulekile ekuhambisaneni nezimfuneko kanye namazinga athile. It kuncike abasebenzisi ngokwabo, abathengi. Emazingeni ezifundazweni akhiwa amasevisi ukulawula ukuthi ahlinzeke isheke nemiyalelo ukusebenza.

ongcolile nomsindo

Sekuyisikhathi eside kungase kutholakale ukuthi kuzichaya kubangela umonakalo empilweni abalulekile. Njengoba imiphumela yocwaningo, izakhamuzi ohlala endaweni ukungakhululeki acoustic, aba maningi amathuba okuba uhlushwa izifo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izifo zokulala kanye ukuphefumula. Ukuhlenga le simo emazingeni kamasipala kanye inter-ejensi kufanele:

• Thuthukisa izikimu ezokuthutha kangcono, ukuze afeze ukwakhiwa dlula imigwaqo futhi usabalalise traffic notshwala.
• Ukuze sandise emikhulu, ngcwaba, ukwakha Izivikelo.
• Hola ukwakhiwa amakhaya amasha e ibanga esiphezulu kusukela ezitaladini yamanani ezisemadolobheni, imigwaqo emikhulu.
• Ukwakhiwa avikela umsindo nokunye.

umhlaba nokucekelwa

Yemvelo-isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni Russian kanye nokuhlola yayo kumcoka sokuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza kwezolimo. Okwamanje, kukhona umhlaba nokucekelwa. Kwenhlabathi kuyenzeka ngokushesha. Kwatholakala ukuthi 43% of the izindawo eshayisa kwehle humus okuqukethwe. Ethwele isisetshenziswa base engokwemvelo emnothweni eRussia isebujameni wagcizelela kakhulu. Inkinga kwezolimo ezingeni eliphansi kuyinto isiko ukulima. Sekube kungekho ukunciphisa ezindaweni ehlaselwe ukuchayeka enemisebe.

sokwephulwa kwe

Izinkinga eyinhloko zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo emnothweni Russian uvuke zokungazimiseli ukufeza izidingo noma ukusebenza engafanele izinhlangano zabo zebhizinisi. Ngo-55% izifunda wezwe ungazange ekhiqizwa umsebenzi edingekayo ezweni sokufuna futhi. Ukuze-30% izifunda kuyinkinga ukalwe njengento yokuqala. Lezi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa endaweni endaweni ukuthuthuka embonini yezimayini, ezisenyakatho, lapho uhlelo self-ukuphulukiswa cishe akusebenzi.

Ukusetshenziswa izidubedube

Isimo lapho zemvelo isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni isiRashiya, izinkinga futhi amathemba yentuthuko sphere elikhiqizayo zisebenza kuwo wonke amabhizinisi. Zibalulekile ikakhulukazi izinkampani zezimayini kanye imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo. nomthelela omubi imvelo yezimayini. Lo mphumela is iyakhula ngalokho okuvelela eziningi izinkampani esikhiqiza, ukuntuleka uhlelo ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo. Yemvelo-isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni isiRashiya, izinkinga futhi amathemba ngokusetshenziswa kwalo okunye kuyobuswa iziqondiso. Nokho, benza eziningi amaphutha kanye izikhala. Lokhu okunye eshubisa isimo. Hhayi encishisiwe ukuhlobana udaba ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene izidubedube. Ezingeni sasivumela ongaphakeme namuhla ukulawula ukuzinza eziphuthumayo esiyingozi izinto ore umkhakha. Izinkinga zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo emnothweni ezimweni eziningi senziwa lokuphelelwa yisikhathi obuchwepheshe imishini, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye processing.

Izilwane, ihlathi, izitshalo

Bakha evuselelekayo loyimvelo kumila umnotho. Nokho, ngenxa emikhulu imisebenzi womuntu kuyingxenye esebenzayo ye nokucekelwa phansi kwemithombo yemvelo. umonakalo Obalulekile ukuletha ushisa amahlathi. Kwezinye izindawo akusho wehlise ubuningi izinqubo eshaqisayo yokuba ugwadule. I kuqala usubhekwa njengoba inkinga wokusindisa nezilwane, inhlanzi izinsiza kanye. Isinqumo sakhe ehlangene ukuvikelwa, kweso, ukulawulwa nokusetshenziswa izindawo zemvelo.

kwazo imisebe

Kungase ezihlobene imizimba amanzi, izindawo phansi emoyeni. kwazo imisebe kuyinkinga engathi sína zemvelo isisetshenziswa izisekelo umnotho. Isikhathi esiningi, bona zibangelwa:

1. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela okunokwethenjelwa ubuchwepheshe kanye isitoreji imfucuza izindlela.
2. Kabuthaka sesimanje ezikhungweni zenuzi, engathatha ngasekupheleni izinto kunokokusebenza ifinyelele eside, degree enganele zokuphepha phakathi ukulungisa ukufaka.
3. Sokuzuza umkhakha futhi izikhungo zokwelapha izihloko kokuba isivikelo emisebeni ye -uranium mpilo, ukushintshwa noma ayisetshenziswa.

inqubomgomo Environmental

Yemvelo-isisetshenziswa phansi emnothweni isiRashiya, ogama izinkinga zidinga izixazululo ngokushesha kufanele kube ngaphansi Ukuvikelwa isimo. inqubomgomo Environmental yezwe kuhloswe ukudala izimo ezifanele zokunciphisa imithelela yabantu emvelweni ezingeni elemukelekile futhi kabusha le ukuchayeka. Ukugcina yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe izinhlelo we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, ukongiwa nokukhiqizwa amasheya - isenzo eyinhloko, okudinga isisetshenziswa base engokwemvelo emnothweni Russian. Ukubhekana nezinkinga namuhla zingaxazululwa kanje:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo zokulawula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlala ngokwahlukana elilingene ngokwezimboni amandla ka federal, endaweni, esifundeni esiphezulu izakhiwo.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa lesikhungo kahulumeni, ikhumbula division temakhono phakathi isimo kanye nezinhlangano.
3. Reform futhi sithuthukise yokulinganisa kwezomnotho kanye yemvelo isisetshenziswa ezimali izinhlelo, imikhawulo zemvelo, namalayisense ukusetshenziswa izinqolobane.
4. izinguquko Kancane Kancane komthetho zentela okuhloswe ngazo okwandisa isabelo amacala kwemvelo ngamanani aphansi kwamanye amacala.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa izindlela ezomnotho kanye zezimali zokukhiqiza kabusha izimpahla, amasevisi kanye nomsebenzi nentuthuko emakethe emkhakheni ukuphathwa kwemvelo ngendlela eyiyo.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuqaliswa kocwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi amasu ekuphathweni, ukuvikelwa kanye nokubuyiselwa emathunjini.