Izinqubo kanye apharathasi of Chemical Technology

Modern inqubo yamakhemikhali kuhilela ukugaya, ebhidliza, ukuthuthwa izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo uphendukela ukucutshungulwa ngefomu aerosol, okuyinto kwakheka uthuli kanye emoyeni futhi inqubo amagesi emkhathini. Cabanga eziyisisekelo zokubala emkhakheni we ubuchwepheshe zamakhemikhali, okwamanje lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa.

Iinsetjenziswa zokukhwela yokuhlanza izinto gaseous

Ngo zothuli high surface area Imininingwane, ngenxa yalokho, baba umbukiso sithuthukiswe umsebenzi begazi futhi amakhemikhali. Kwezinye zezinto ngesimo Aero, izakhiwo ezintsha, isibonelo, bayakwazi angesabi qhumisa. Kukhona amacebo ahlukahlukene ubuchwepheshe chemical esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza kusukela womshini izinto gaseous kusuka ezihlukahlukene osayizi kanye ifomu uthuli.

Naphezu kokungafani okukhulu ekuklanyweni, isimiso wezenzo zazo kusekelwe kwesamba isigaba ukubambezeleka.

Cyclone futhi pyleosaditelnye ikhamera

Ngokuhlaziya ezihlukahlukene izinqubo kanye namadivayisi ubuchwepheshe zamakhemikhali, ukugxila iqembu amadivayisi uthuli ekubambeni, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Rotary uthuli abaqoqi;
• izishingishane;
• imodeli zhalyuznye;
• pyleosaditelnye ikhamera.

Phakathi izinzuzo lezi amadivaysi, siphawula inkimbinkimbi yendlela aklanywe ngayo, ngakho lakhicitwe ebhizinisini ezikhethekile.

Njengoba amadivaysi ezinjalo lokususa ochwepheshe waphawula kahle enganele, isidingo kabusha yokuhlanza. Zonke izinhlobo uthuli ukususwa amadivayisi usebenza ngesisekelo amabutho centrifugal, amandla ehlukene nesivinini sebethule uthuli.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-classical chemical sulfuric acid yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwasuka isikhwishikhwishi esinamandla ukuze kususwe ukungcola kusukela igesi esithandweni imiswe phakathi neminyaka calcination ka pyrite. Negesi, equkethe zesandulela calcine (triiron tetraoxide), ingena phakathi nesiphepho ngokusebenzisa tangential umlomo wombhobho ekhethekile, bese siphenduka ngasezindongeni engaphakathi kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Ukubuthelela kanye sebethule uthuli wenziwa othulini iqoqo hopper, kanye negesi nahlanza ageleza phezulu, elilandelayo engena apharathasi ngokusebenzisa tube emaphakathi.

Iyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yamakhemikhali kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwasuka isikhwishikhwishi esinamandla nini okuholela izidakamizwa gaseous alinqumi nezimfuneko okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Iinsetjenziswa ekhuhla

inqubo Wet e umkhakha yesimanje ubhekwa amafomu ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi okulula ekwelapheni igesi zezimboni kusukela ezinhlayiyeni ezihlukahlukene okwesikhashana. Izinqubo kanye apparatuses yamakhemikhali ubuchwepheshe elihlobene ne yokuhlanza ezimanzi amagesi, manje funa hhayi kuphela e bomdabu kodwa futhi umkhakha angaphandle. Ngaphezu particulate ndaba, bayakwazi wasithatha igesi futhi umusi izingxenye ukuthi ukunciphisa izinga lemikhiqizo.

Kukhona division amadivayisi anjalo esikhathini igcwele eziyize, Foam futhi bubble, yezinxushunxushu kanye nezinhlobo centrifugal.

Disintegrator siqukethe Rotor kanye stator unikezwe umhlahlandlela vanes ekhethekile. Lolu ketshezi kufakwa Rotor ukuphotha ngokusebenzisa Imibhobho esemzimbeni. Ngenxa ukusakaza igesi ezihambayo phakathi amasongo stator futhi Rotor, ukugaya Kwenziwa ku amaconsi ahlukene, okuholela contact anda yamagesi nge uketshezi ekubambeni izinhlayiya. Ngenxa centrifugal force uthuli aphonswe ebondeni kudivayisi, bese okukhipha therefrom kanye ukuhlanzwa izinto gaseous awela iyunithi elandelayo, noma adedelwa emkhathini.

ukujula isihlungi

Ngokuvamile ubuchwepheshe chemical kuhilela ukuqaliswa zokuhlunga impahla ngokusebenzisa izindonga ekhethekile ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Le ndlela kusikisela ngezinga eliphezulu lokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanzekile ezihlukahlukene izinhlayiya imisiwe, Nokho izihlungi ukungena nakwamanye amazwe funa umkhakha zamakhemikhali.

kusimo sabo esisemqoka kubhekwa isidingo esikhundleni esihleliwe izingxenye lemifanekiso usayizi izimoto ezinkulu.

Industrial Okuhlungayo kuyakhiwa selihlukene laba namakilasi luyimbudumbudu kanye Indwangu. Ziklanyelwe zokuhlanzwa izinto gaseous zezimboni kokuba lokuhlushwa eliphezulu esigabeni bahlakazeka. Ukuze afeze ukususwa gqwa izinhlayiya zanqwabelana apharathasi Lentulo ifakwe amadivaysi ezikhethekile.

Izici refinery

Izacile chemical ubuchwepheshe elihlobene ne-yokuhlanza kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli kusuka ukungcola mechanical kanye nomswakama, kusekelwe zokuhlunga izinqubo.

Phakathi kwalabo izinqubo kanye apparatuses okwamanje obusetshenziswa embonini Petrochemical, useqinile ngu filtration ngokusebenzisa coalescing ngodonga, ultrasound. Nge isihlukanisi centrifugal izihluzi coalescing, sedimentation izinhlelo, pre-yokuhlanza esiteji wenziwa.

Ukuze afeze eziyinkimbinkimbi uwoyela uhlanzekile okwamanje esetshenziswa ukungena nakwamanye amazwe Ukwakheka polymeric njengoba okokusebenza zokuhlunga.

Baba nekusebenta zabo, ukuqina, ukuthembeka, ngakho bathatha imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngaphezulu ubuchwepheshe zamakhemikhali.

izihlungi kagesi

izinqubo Chemical ekukhiqizeni sulfuric acid ubuchwepheshe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kule divayisi ethile. I yokuhlanza kahle kwalo kusukela 90 kuya kumaphesenti angu-99,9. izihlungi electrostatic can isicupho ketshezi nezinhlayiyana okuqinile ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, amadivayisi umsebenzi in the lokushisa ububanzi 400-5000 degrees Celsius.

Ngenxa kunciphise nezindleko alamathuluzi Uthole ukusabalala esijana yesimanje amakhemikhali umkhakha. Phakathi amaphutha ezinkulu imishini efanayo, ukwaba izindleko ezinkulu sokuqala ukwakhiwa zabo, kanye nesidingo isikhala esikhulu ukuze ukufakwa.

Kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, kufanele busetshenziswe phakathi ekwelapheni amavolumu abalulekile, kungenjalo ukusetshenziswa precipitators electrostatic kuyoba isithembiso ebizayo.

contactor

Chemistry nobuchwepheshe chemical kuhilela ukusetshenziswa imishini ehlukahlukene kanye namadivayisi. Lokhu okusungulile njengoba idivayisi contact senzelwe enifeza izinqubo okhanda amanye amathuba. Njengoba isibonelo, ukusabela namachibi sulphur oxide (4) ku dioxide nesibabule, okungukufa omunye izinyathelo ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid.

Ngenxa Kuvunguza, le osabalalayo-gas sidlula ungqimba kulethe ngokufanele kwi ngodonga ethize. Ngenxa apharathasi oxhumana naye kakhulu anda nekusebenta okhanda amanye amathuba namachibi iyunithi lula yesondlo.

Special kubhasikidi esikhiphekayo kokuba ungqimba oluvikelayo kulethe kwenza kwaso indawo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ethile.

kuhhonela

Lokhu apharathasi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni sulfuric acid esuka yensimbi pyrites. ukuphendula Chemical kwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa 700 ° C. Ngenxa isimiso sokufudumeza, ezihilela flow oluyi emoyeni umoya-mpilo pyrite, okuthiwa embhedeni fluidized. Ingqikithi ukuthi izinhlayiya amaminerali ahlelwe nombala by volume-mpilo, uqinisekisa izinga okusezingeni edlulisa inqubo namachibi.

Ngemva kokuphothulwa inqubo namachibi, okuholela "ikhandlela" (yensimbi oxide) awe hopper ekhethekile, kusukela lapho kususwe njalo. I okuholela-somlilo igesi (sulphur oxide 4) ithunyelwa zokuhlanzwa uthuli, omisiwe ke.

bokushisa Modern obusetshenziswa embonini zamakhemikhali, kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwemikhiqizo ukuphendula, ngesikhathi esifanayo okwandisa izinga e-somlilo igesi.

Ukuze kunonophisa luhlelo namachibi of pyrite e somlilo labadubuli, ekukhiqizeni i-sulfuric acid sokuqala okokusebenza preliminarily phansi.

Shahtennye esithandweni

sikhungo ezinjalo zihlanganisa kuqhuma amaziko, obumba ngesisekelo umkhakha steel. Icala uwela esithandweni, iyathintwa nge okuphakelayo umoya-mpilo izimbobo, bese lwaluyophola okuholela cast iron wenziwa.

ukulungiswa abahlukahlukene amadivayisi kangaka iye isicelo ukucutshungulwa hhayi kuphela yensimbi, kodwa futhi imikhando ithusi, ekucubunguleni calcium compounds.

isiphetho

Kunzima ukucabanga ngokuphila egcwele yomuntu yesimanje ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kubo umkhiqizo zokukhiqiza zamakhemikhali. Imboni yamakhemikhali, esikhundleni salokho, abakwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe okuzenzakalelayo futhi mechanical, ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Okwamanje, umkhakha kumakhemikhali isethi eyinkimbinkimbi imishini nemishini ezakhelwe chemical-ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali izinqubo, imishini ngokuzenzakalela nokupakisha kanye nemikhiqizo ethutha.

Phakathi imishini ezinkulu yesiguli, amathuluzi okuxilonga ethandwa ekukhiqizeni ezinjalo, sikude abathandekayo evumela ukwanda ebusweni zokusebenza yenqubo, ukuze afeze zokuhlunga eliphezulu, ukushisa exchange egcwele, ukwandisa umkhiqizo imikhiqizo ukuphendula, ukunciphisa izindleko energy.