Ye-potassium carbonate

Kusukela ababuthakathaka carbonic acid (kuncane ukumelana kungaba kuphela khona izixazululo alulaze) by ukusabela nge alkalis naphakathi esidi etholakala nosawoti ngenye ngokuthi bicarbonates futhi carbonates, ngokulandelana. Ukusabela zibalo singatlolwa bunjesi: H2CO3 + Koh → KHCO3 + H2O futhi H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. Esikhathini ematfuba lokuqala potassium hydrogencarbonate, kanti eyesibili - carbonate potassium. Formula acid usawoti - KHCO3, kanti isilinganiso - K2CO3. mass izinyo lomhlathi of potassium carbonate elilingana 138,2 g / imvukuzane. Ngokubukeka sifana usawoti ezimhlophe crystalline powder, engesiyo ezivuthayo, liyancibilika at 891 C, ngaphandle kokufinyelela abilayo, usawoti ubola. Potassium carbonate hygroscopic, kalula oncibilikayo emanzini: 100 ml at 20 ° C - 110,5 g, futhi ngezinye 100 C - 156 g kasawoti. Kodwa i utshwala noma acetone, yalolu ketshezi akusho chaza.

Ezinsukwini endala ye-potassium carbonate, ngokuthi umanyolo, izwi livela egameni lesiLatini «potassa». Potash ingenye usawoti endala, okuyinto bebelokhu baziwa ngokuphakamisa abantu kudala. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kuze kufinyelele kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umanyolo wayengomunye walaba amakhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sibe nenani kwezohwebo. ERussia, ukwenziwa umanyolo uPeter Omkhulu ngo 1721, i-ayitholwa yasungulwa. Njengamanje, endaweni Russian Federation, kanye e-Armenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan ikhemikhali imbozwe kwemibuso ejwayelekile GOST 10690-73. Potash uyalandisa, ngokuvumelana GOST 12.1.005-88 yokuvela ingozi ekilasini izinto, nabo nolwelwesi lwamafinyila noma isikhumba olumanzi kubangela ukucasuka.

Uma ukuxuba ye-potassium carbonate ngamanzi ke eziningi ukushisa ngesikhathi usuhlakazekile, isb K2CO3 hydrolysis yokusabela exothermic, futhi ngaphansi isenzo yamanzi kumiswa izinto ezintsha. usawoti Dibasic ka carbonic acid stepwise hydrolyzed. Okokuqala kwakhiwa usawoti acid: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + Koh. Khona-ke, esigabeni sesibili okuphuma kabi noqhekeko amanzi kakade usawoti acid: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + Koh. Kusukela hydrolysis ka-potassium carbonate kanye nezinye nosawoti buthaka acid ukuqhutshwa kumiswa hydroxyl ion OH-, pH izixazululo zabo aqueous uhlale mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 7, kanye lesifishane ane-alikhali.

Potash ekhulwini le-17 e-Russia laliqongelelwe leaching izinkuni umlotha. Ngo emikhombeni lokhuni olwaluvame okulungiselelwe isixazululo alikhali, sishaye amanzi umlotha efudumele. Le isixazululo oko batheleka iziko isitini oluvuthayo izinkuni. Potassium carbonate ukuthi acacisa ungqimba obukhulu kakhulu ezansi le ngumuntu umanyolo Scrap ekhishwe wathelisa imiphongolo, odla nabo hermetically. Kuyadingeka kuyikhono ezithile, kuze ikhambi ukuthi ayahwamuka, futhi umlilo akazange proffer. Ngakho-ke, lo msebenzi "polivachey" waqala ukufundisa izingane zabo, futhi kuphela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ukusebenza bafunda amakhono athile bese uba master of izikebhe wakhe. Ngokwesibonelo: I ovuthayo njalo kwakhiwa umlotha omhlophe, ingxenye enkulu yalo - kuyinto umanyolo. Namuhla lwenteke enye inqubo zezimboni - sizila-electrolysis potassium hydroxide waphasiswa carbon dioxide: 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka umanyolo namanzi.

ye-potassium carbonate isetshenziswa womshini insipho kanye namabhodlela. Ngo-laboratory, isetshenziswa njengendlela desiccant omnene ezimweni lapho namanye amanxusa ezifana calcium chloride noma magnesium sulfate, abavunyelwe. Kuyinto asihambisani iphele compounds azibukhali, kodwa ingase isetshenziselwe omiswe imikhiqizo organic nge okuqukethwe ongaphakeme amanyela ene-asidi. Potassium carbonate isetshenziselwa elwa imililo yesigaba B, njengoba lisho izimpushana chemical nonekhono ezivimbela futhi ucime inqubo amandla omlilo. It has a ukusebenza kahle ephakeme zokucisha kuka nosawoti ezifana sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, i-sodium fluoride noma sodium hydrogen carbonate. ephumelela ngayo nokukhuthala kwayo inhibitory amandla omlilo izinqubo futhi kunakunoma sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, aluminium oxide ne -calcium carbonate. Esikhathini umkhakha ingilazi K2CO3 isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni laboratory (refractory), optical noma umanyolo ingilazi, futhi ingilazi glassware womshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo funa izimboni zamakhemikhali, ezolimo, ezempilo kanye nokudla.