Izwe lwasekuqaleni. Impilo yomuntu nezakudala

Lwasekuqaleni (preclass) okuqinisekile ekutfutfukiseni bantfu ihlanganisa omkhulu isikhathi - kusuka 2.5 Ma-5 yeminyaka BC. e. Namuhla, ngenxa yemizamo ye abacwaningi kanye abavubukuli, kungenzeka ukuba alulame cishe wonke umlando umsuka mpilo esintu. Emazweni entshonalanga it is esigabeni sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi ehlukile: bakudala, umphakathi tribal, uhlelo classless noma olinganayo.

Iyini yobudala zomhlaba bakudala?

Class umphakathi uvele ezindaweni abahlukene ngezikhathi ezehlukene, ngakho imingcele okuchaza emhlabeni bakudala kufiphele kakhulu. Omunye izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu omkhulu kunabo bonke abangu abanesifiso prehistory - AI Pershits. Wasikisela umbandela elandelayo division. Umphakathi eyayikhona phambi ukuvela amakilasi, usosayensi ubiza apopoliteynymi (ie, okuzovela phambi nesimo). Labo ukuthi ayaqhubeka ekhona emva okuvela kwezakhi nomphakathi - sinpoliteynymi.

Inkathi emhlabeni bakudala idale kohlobo olusha lokuphila komuntu, okuyinto babengafani Australopithecus odlule. Homo habilis akwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezimbili, bese usebenzisa itshe futhi induku njengoba amathuluzi. Nokho, lokhu bonke umehluko phakathi kwakhe okhokho bakhe kwaphela. Thanda Australopithecus, Homo habilis bakwazi ukukhulumisana kuphela ngokusebenzisa ohambisana nokumemeza, ukuthintwa.

izwe zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo inzalo ka Australopithecus

Ngemva kwesikhath ka kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyisigidi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinhlobo ezintsha, ngokuthi Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba, namanje kancane kakhulu sihluke esasisandulele. Yena laligcwele izingxenye izinwele, futhi umzimba yonke indawo njengesembatho nenkawu. Naye kwakudingeka namanje like monkey emikhubeni yabo. Nokho, Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba kwadingeka enkulu ubungako bobuchopho ngalo kahle amakhono amasha. Manje, abantu abakwazanga yokuzingela usebenzisa amathuluzi aqine. amathuluzi okusha ziye zasiza indoda bakudala nokuba sihlabe isilwane kwezidumbu, basike ngezinduku.

ukuqhubeka

Kuphela ngenxa ubuchopho ezinkulu nemakhono labawatfolile, le ndoda yakwazi ukuze usinde engu ice yalungisa eYurophu, eNyakatho China, ezwekazini laseNdiya. Mayelana 250 ayizinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, siqala nocabangelayo, noma homo Sapiens. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izizwe bakudala sebeqala isetshenziselwe izindlu izilwane babehlezi emuva emhumeni. Akha kulezi amaqembu amakhudlwana. izwe lwasekuqaleni uqala sibheke entsha: ke akubhekwa ezinsukwini zakuqala nokuzwelana. Abantu besizwe efanayo uqale yokungcwaba umuntu enze imicikilisho yokushiswa ekhethekile ukuvikela ethuneni amatshe abo. uyathola okutheni uqinisekise ukuthi umuntu ngaleyo nkathi uzamile ukusiza izihlobo yezifo wabaxoxela okudla nezingubo ngokuphazima kweso.

Indima ekusindeni nezilwane womuntu

A indima enkulu ngoba ukuziphendukela ukuzingela nemfuyo ukuthuthukiswa Kudlalwe nezakudala inkathi imvelo, okungukuthi izilwane zomhlaba lasekuqaleni. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi yokuqothulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, Wooly ubhejane, must inkabi, omkhulukazi, bolsherogie izinyamazane, amahlosi saber-toothed, emhumeni namabhere. Kusukela lezi zilwane ababaluleke ukufa nokuphila yokhokho komuntu.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi indoda bakudala ezingelwa obhejane mammoth has angaba yizinkulungwane 70. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule. izidumbu zawo zitholakala endaweni banamuhla eJalimane. Ezinye izilwane musa kube ingozi ethile ngokuphathelene nezizwe lasekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, naphezu usayizi umxhwele, ibhere emhumeni yayincane futhi zizimbi. Ngakho-ke, izizwe bakudala wahlulwa kalula naye ekulweni. Omunye izilwane wokuqala ezifuywayo kukhona impisi, okuyinto eyaba ngokuqhubekayo inja nembuzi ukuthi wanika ubisi, uboya bezimvu nenyama.

Yini ngempela ekulungiseleleni kwemvelo?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvela umuntu multi-million ukulungiselela ukuba sisinde njengoba umzingeli-ababutha. Ngakho, injongo eyinhloko inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezazitholakala endaweni bakudala womuntu. Izwe elisha nge class yayo babhekane nezinga elikhulu luphambene ngokuphelele ngokwemvelo imvelo zabantu.

Abanye ososayensi qhathanisa okuvela ohlelweni ekilasini emphakathini ne waxoshwa ipharadesi. Ngazo zonke izikhathi, kwezicukuthwane ayenamandla okukwenza izimo ezingcono ephilayo, ngemfundvo lencono kanye yokuzilibazisa ngezinga elingakanani. Labo abangabakaKristu isigaba ephansi, ukuba saneliswe ukuphumula okuncane, okhandlayo esindayo kanye indawo ekahle yokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi abaningi oyikholelwayo ukuthi izici abstract kakhulu iba nokuziphatha emphakathini ekilasini.

Yokuncipha kokubaluleka bakudala uhlelo ohlanganyelwe

Esinye sezizathu ukuthi esikhundleni bakudala lomhlaba babhekane nezinga elikhulu, kubhekwa ukuba ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele imikhiqizo impahla. Kwakona nje ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile sisikisela ukuthi ezinye umphakathi iphuzu ifinyelele ezingeni lelisetulu ukuthuthukiswa isikhathi sabo.

abantu lwasekuqaleni sifundwe hhayi nje indlela yokwenza amathuluzi kanye izinto zasekhaya, kodwa futhi sabelane nabo nomunye. Ngokushesha abaholi kwaqala ukuvela umphakathi bakudala - labo abangeke bakwazi ukuphatha inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Esikhundleni umphakathi tribal uye ngokuya isakhiwo ekilasini. Kwezinye izizwe bakudala ekupheleni kwesikhathi nezakudala umphakathi ehleliwe, lapho kwakukhona abaholi, izinduna abasizi, amajaji futhi ojenene.