Jail "Lefortovo". Ukuvalela luhlobo eMoscow

Mhlawumbe, kukhona eRussia indoda ababengeke ukwazi ukuthi ejele abadumile Lefortovo (noma izinto wayebizwa ngokuthi, "Lefortovo" setilongweni indlela) elise eMoscow. udumo lwakhe wathi yisivikelo futhi wathola sibonga ukhona ahlala isikhathi eside (kusukela 1881), kanye nabantu, kodwa eyayinamawala ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene kule yetilongo futhi baqhubeke equkethwe.

Umlando omncane

Njengoba sekushiwo, kwakhiwe esikhungweni avelelwe "Lefortovo" lakhiwa wezakhiwo P. N. Kozlovym ngo 1881. Ekuqaleni eziqukethwe ejele icala empi ngenzé amacala amancane.

C 1917 Lefortovo lidlule engaphansi we NKVD, futhi iminyaka eminingi elasetshenziselwa sokuhlushwa abesabekayo izakhamuzi becindezela.

Kusukela ngo-1954 kuya ku-1991, kusho isikhungo avelelwe kwaba ngelami egcwele i-KGB. Futhi emva kweminyaka 4 ejele "Lefortovo" wayiswa endaweni ethile ye-FSB yeRussia.

Kusukela ngo-2005 kuze kube manje ejele Lefortovo kuyinto anawo Ministry of Justice ngesikhathi.

amasayithi ebucayi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Russia kukhona inqwaba amasayithi ebucayi uhlobo avaliwe (lena Butyrka abadumile, Sailor sika Ukuthula), avelelwe isikhungo "Lefortovo" iyindawo ivaliwe kakhulu futhi engafinyeleleki.

Faka Insimu yisivikelo akukwazi (kahle, yebo, uma ungekho kwenye yezingosi umsebenzi isikhungo, umphenyi, ummeli kanye yicala). Ngo-1993, waba ngaphandle kuphela: kulo nyaka ekwakheni esikhungweni avelelwe "Lefortovo" ake izintatheli (ngesikhathi sabezindaba). Lokhu kwakunjalo kuphela lapho izindonga isikhungo ayegcwele bangaphandle.

Izici izakhiwo

Yisivikelo isakhiwo elise cishe maphakathi enhlokodolobha. Nokho, ngisho nazo zonke izakhamuzi ezindlini ezingomakhelwane Lefortovo uyasazi lesi "eyingozi" endaweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu isakhiwo kanye esikhungweni avelelwe.

I yisivikelo ilungile phakathi evamile uStalin eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo. Okuphawulekayo yiqiniso lokuthi izindonga inombolo yebhilidi ejele 2 ababethi nombala ofanayo njengoba izindonga zezindlu angomakhelwane. Konke lokhu kuvumela isolator sengathi ziyoncibilika endaweni yokuhlala.

Umehluko kusuka amakhaya yokuhlala kuphela khona okusezingeni eliphezulu itshe kocingo emhlabeni azungezwe, kodwa esikhathini sethu, ezicijile okusezingeni eliphezulu akekho uyamangala.

Eminyakeni engu-130 saba khona, kwakhiwe yisivikelo beshintsha izikhathi eziningi: bakhe imisebenzi yokuqedela, kabusha okuhleliwe, wakha izindlu ezintsha nokuxhuma ukuba isakhiwo main). Kodwa wahlala ukubukeka ingashintshiwe we yisivikelo: izindonga ugodo ephuzi, ophahleni esiliva, sizungezwe okusezingeni eliphezulu udonga lwamatshe amasango esindayo lapho ukuletha iziboshwa.

Futhi lokho okungaphakathi?

Njengoba isikhungo avelelwe № 2 - luhlobo eyisibonelo, vakashela izakhamuzi zawo abavamile akunakwenzeka. Ukuthatha izithombe namavidiyo ezindongeni Lefortovo iphinde ivinjelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda mayelana nokuthi iyiphi yisivikelo ngaphakathi, kuphela izinkumbulo ababeyiziboshwa.

Ngokusho neziboshwa zangaphambilini e Lefortovo kukhona okuthiwa ekamelweni izindonga engqondo zipendwe ngombala omnyama, ukukhanya kukhona ubusuku nemini. Kusolakala usesimweni esifana umuntu evamile isikhathi eside okuthiwa azinakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, umuntu egumbini izimo ezinjalo njalo elihlobene ne yenze isenzo esiyicala.

Kube Lefortovo kanye 'soft' ephasishi abadumile nelesabekayo: izibuya elithambile, izindonga iminyango ababone imisho nokubulawa ukufa.

Okwamanje, ngaphakathi kwezindonga i yisivikelo Yiqiniso, akukho shot elilodwa: kweziboshwa futhi iziboshwa abahlezi emakamelweni itshe, lapho, ngaphandle imibhede okuthiwa, itafula iwindi elincane, akukho okunye.

Kodwa "ngokuxuba" iziboshwa lapho kuze kube namuhla: cishe nyanga zonke bona zidluliselwa ekamelweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, ukushintsha imvelo kanye nomakhelwane.

Akube khona imigudu yezilwane "iminonjana udidekile"

Sakhiwo sangekhatsi isakhiwo esingavamile ngempela. Ezitebhisini kuphela eyenzelwe umuntu oyedwa, ngakho ukugibela kwabo, isibonelo, ndawonye, kungaba uhele. Akube khona imigudu yezilwane Straight futhi imibhalo isakhiwo cishe akukho: zonke imihubhe, ezitebhisini kanye ukuvuleka meander njengokungathi amathrekhi iyadida.

Owesilisa owayesebenza isakhiwo okokuqala, baphume kuphela cishe kungenakwenzeka. Kuyinto uhlobo uxhaxha.

Njengoba lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda ngokuphindaphindiwe kabusha futhi waqeda ukwakha ngokwayo, kwabonakala, futhi eziningi "lezimanga". Ngakho, nge esinezitezi ezintathu umbono, kuba kalula ngaphakathi esinezitezi ezine lo.

yisivikelo izindonga zipendwe ngemibala egqamile: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, beige, omhlophe; ngokuphelele insimu yonke ejele ingaphansi round abaseshi iwashi. Isiqophi amakhamera zikhona yonke indawo. abasebenzi eziningana yisivikelo sangempela ukulandelela konke okwenzekayo endaweni ejele.

indlela ethile yokwelashwa

Umbuso etilongweni icala "Lefortovo" angabizwa ngokuthi elawula kunazo. Lena cishe kuphela eRussia ejele, akunakwenzeka ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa nezinye kukagwayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona is ngokuphelele ngaphandle kungenzeka yokuxhumana iziboshwa ezitokisini ezahlukene (hhayi lo okuthiwa intambo Telegraph).

Ukuvikelwa ku "Lefortovo 'uyoyifeza kuphela FSB, okuyinto lwaphetha ngezithombe isivumelwano engenakwenzeka.

iziboshwa Iningi basesimweni emakamelweni double ahlanganise indawo engaba-10 metres. Kukhona ikhamera kathathu, kodwa mancane kakhulu. Kukhona amathuba ukuwela kuseli eyodwa.

Okwamanje konke ejele Russia uholwe iziqondiso ezivamile uhlale kuzo. Yisivikelo "Lefortovo" akuyona ukukhipha: isibonelo, ibizwa nangokuthi imvume yokusebenzisa i yokucela kagesi, konke ukudla wakhonza e indishi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ethoyilethi (okuphambene nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe) ngqo ikhamera futhi ahlukaniswe udonga ongaphakeme izakhiwo ezivamile.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, izimo kokuhlala ejele abaningi babheka okuhle ngokwanele.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, khona ejele № 2 Kulula kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ukuthi abasebenzi kuphela ejele, kanye abantu abaye bahileleka sina ungawela kalula in the yisivikelo (iziboshwa). Kubo bonke abanye abantu, kuhlanganise abameli, emnyango "Lefortovo" kuyinkinga kakhulu futhi eside.

Iqiniso ukuthi, naphezu inani elikhulu eziqukethwe esikhungweni avelelwe, amaseli lapho bangakwazi ukuxhumana nabameli babo, 6. nje abavikeli Ngakho abaningi amasonto awukwazi ukuthola izincwadi zabo kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi evalelisa amakhasimende abo.

Ngokumangalisayo, abameli anawo eziningi: mayelana isakhiwo yisivikelo iwashi duty umuntu onakekela uhlu abameli kulayini. Abavikeli neqhaza idatha yabo ohlwini, bese udweba eziningi: owangena "lucky ithikithi", futhi abafundi abaphumelela ngayo.

Singangeni ngenkani yisivikelo bekulokhu kunzima, njengoba iqukethe izakhamuzi abasolwa anomlandu wokwenza lezinhlobo eziningi zobugebengu ephezulu iphrofayli. Ngakho-ke, abameli eziningi kufanele fuza bo guquko ngokuma ebusuku futhi usuku lonke eduze kwesango, ngethemba lokuthi ngaphambi kokuba kufike ithuba lakhe.

Izinkumbulo ababeye babhekana nakho: Moscow, "Lefortovo"

Lesi sikhungo wavakashelwa izakhamuzi eziningi owaziwa, ezinethonya abaphezulu. Ngakho, eminyakeni ezahlukene emigodini wejele labetibambile: Alexander uSolzhenitsyn, Vasily Stalin (indodana kukaStalin), uVictor Abakumov (uNgqongqoshe GB), Inessa Armand, Salman Raduyev, Valeriya Novodvorskaya Yevgeny Ginsburg, Eduard Limonov, nezinye abaqavile emphakathini.

Kuyinto ngenxa izinkumbulo yabo, ungakwazi shí emkhathini we yisivikelo. Ngokwesibonelo, Ginsburg enye incwadi yakhe usitshela yisivikelo engaphansi lapho iziboshwa badutshulwe. Uyabhala ukuthi ukubulawa kwabo imisho ukufa olwenziwe Umsindo omkhulu ugandaganda izinjini. Umgudu omkhulu umsebenzi wawo okuholela egumbini, ngokuvumelana Umlando Ginsburg, waba uphahlwe indwangu ethambile Upholstery iminyango nezindonga - konke yayithambile othulayo futhi ngokukhethekile alungele ukuphoqelelwa lomusho.

Izivakashi ngithi isiboshwa futhi maddening hum njalo futhi vibration ivela lab CIAM, etholakala eduze yisivikelo.

Ngo-eseyi yakhe, yangaphambili "izivakashi" "Lefortovo" bhala mayelana izici umbuso. Ngokwesibonelo, uma corridor abantu ababili ngesikhathi esifanayo, abeka phezu kwekhanda izikhwama ezimnyama (ukuze abakwazanga ukubona owayehamba ukubahlangabeza).

Ezinye iziboshwa wakhumbula ukuthi abasebenzi ekhethekile emi imihubhe zejele yisivikelo, okubizwa ngokuthi abalimi. Bona ezifuywa iziboshwa imihubhe ahlukahlukene ukuthi yini behlangene nomunye.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Babeboshwa futhi amajele e Moscow, njengoba umthetho, ezakhiwa kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. "Lefortovo" - nayo iyathinteka kulokhu. It is lokhu esikhungweni avelelwe ligubuzelwe zinganekwane eziningi, izinganekwane kanye izindaba ezithakazelisayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, e ukwakhiwa kwalesi yisivikelo ngo 1881, St Nicholas Isonto kwakhiwa ngaphezu komnyango. It kwaku olulodwa idokodo ezincane lapho iziboshwa babethandaza. Kulokhu, konke kwahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi phakathi kwabo iziboshwa ayikwazanga ukwenza isithombe sakho.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, isikhala isonto ayezoba endaweni zokuhlukunyezwa ezinzima nasekubulaleni abantu.

Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi ngamamitha umsebenzi ejele elise hhayi egcekeni bese ophahleni. Sekukonke kukhona 15 zalezi emagcekeni nihambe ngazo ebiyelwe uthini: uhambo lokuqala luqala kudala njengoba 8:00 am.

ukuziqhenya esikhethekile

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa kwaba luhlobo avelelwe № 2 ungumnikazi wemitapo endala futhi ngobukhulu ejele. Waqala ukuqoqa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi namuhla sifaka izincwadi eliyingqayizivele ezingaphezu kuka-2 million. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwawo esaphila hlobo Pushkin kanye nokuqoqwa Leskov sika okuphelele imisebenzi for 1897.

Kodwa izihloko kanye nezincwadi ezihlobene umlando we yisivikelo, hhayi emtatsheni wezincwadi wasejele. Indlela isidingo noma kuphi. izincazelo zomlando lokhu ejele akwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana: okokuqala, "Lefortovo" Ngisho nasezikhathini laseSoviet ezisebenza babeboshwa nasemajele. Futhi okwesibili, njalo ngaphansi kokulawula zinhlaka awavunyelwe ukudalula noma iluphi ulwazi ngalokhu into.

Ijele Viktor Makov, okuyinto unesithakazelo kakhulu emlandweni we yisivikelo, bathola ukuthi ezinye zezinto iyindaba ngomlando "Lefortovo" FSB kukhona Museum. Nokho, ukufinyelela it is lagodlwa.

Efingqa

Investigative eMoscow insulators kukhona ikakhulukazi amasayithi ebucayi. Nokho, kuba "Lefortovo" cishe luma futhi ube nemfihlo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi phakathi kwezingange zalo equkethwe abaphehla the amacala abucayi kakhulu futhi resonance. Kaningi, e ezindongeni yisivikelo kungabonwa uma abantu abaphezulu kanye abanethonya futhi wakuthola.

Famous for "Lefortovo" nomlando wayo: eyakhelwe cishe 130 edlule, i yisivikelo ngaso sonke isikhathi abayekanga umsebenzi wabo, noma usuku olulodwa. Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ubelokhu into isenzo njalo, cishe awekho Tindzaba zomlando izihloko ngaye.

"Lefortovo" (noma ukuvalelwa ejele luhlobo № 2) itholakala enkabeni yedolobha futhi sise eMoscow, Lefortovskiy kushaft 5.