Johan Huizinga: Biography, izithombe

Johan Huizinga (usuku lokuzalwa: 7 Disemba 1872; Usuku Ukufa: Februwari 1, 1945.) - mlando Dutch, isazi sefilosofi amasiko omunye wabasunguli be-mlando nasemlandweni wanamuhla amasiko. Ukwamukela umbono somanduleli wakhe, Yakoba Burkhardta, Huizinga kubhekwe ezingokoqobo emlandweni, kwezombusazwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi bohlu kwamasiko. Waqale ezihlongozwayo ukuchaza umlando njengoba iqoqo zonke izici kuwumsebenzi womuntu, kuhlanganise nenkolo, ifilosofi, yezilimi, isiko, ubuciko, izincwadi, izinganekwane, izinkolelo-ze, nokunye. Bephika indlela philological Huizinga wazama ziveza ukuphila, imizwa, izinkolelo, imibono, ukunambitha, unembeza futhi ngenxa yobuhle ekukhanyeni ngokuningi kokusikisela kwabo kwamasiko. Wazama ukwenza irekhodi, ngawo abafundi babezizwa umoya abantu ababephila esikhathini esidlule, ukuzizwa imizwa yabo, ukuqonda imicabango yabo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, isazi-mlando esetshenziswa izincazelo hhayi kuphela tetemibhalo, kodwa futhi imifanekiso.

ekudalweni

"I Autumn Ephakathi" (1919), ngobuciko umlando namasiko, ihlanganisa imiqondo kanye nemifanekiso, izincwadi kanye nomlando, inkolo nefilosofi, baba edume kunazo ukubhala Huizinga, ngokuletha udumo njengoba umsunguli umlando namasiko zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili nendlalifa Burckhardt. Kamuva uJohan Huizinga wabhala umsebenzi "Indoda Game" (1938). Kuyo lilandisa okushiwo umuntu nge welithi "buhle", libhekisela umdlalo ubumpofu ntu zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo igcina ke njengoba archetype ezihlukahlukene amafomu kwamasiko. Huizinga zabonisa indlela zonke izinhlobo namasiko abantu bazalwa futhi ithuthukiswe, asele ukulungiswa futhi zokubonisa buhle.

ukuphila

Johan Huizinga, ogama biography akuyona igcwele uhambo, ozalwa e Groningen, Netherlands. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda eNyuvesi, yena majored ngesi-Sanskrit wasivikela mqondo yakhe zobudokotela eyayinesihloko esithi "Indima jester kule drama Indian" ngo-1897. Kuphela ngo-1902, Huizinga nesithakazelo emlandweni Ephakathi nangeNkathi Yempucuko. Wahlala phezu eyunivesithi, efundisa isiko zaseMpumalanga, aze wathola isihloko uprofesa womlando jikelele kanye kazwelonke ngo-1905. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, wamiswa uProfesa Womlando World Leiden University - efundisa kuze 1942. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1945, Huizinga owawusenkundleni ethile isiboshwa lamaNazi idolobha elincane eliseduze Arnhem. Ubizwa wangcwatshwa emathuneni we Reformed Church edolobheni Oegstgeest.

umanduleli

Kwandulelwe Huizinga uJakobe Burckhardt, owayehlala yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kuqala ngaqala cabangela indaba kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa isiko. Burkhardt ngolaka wagxeka okwandile phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe philological futhi izindlela zezombusazwe ukuba libhekelele ezingokoqobo emlandweni. Johan Huizinga (isithombe) yaqhubeka futhi nezindlela eyandulela, kwakheka uhlobo olusha - umlando namasiko.

indlela ehlukile

Umlando ibhekwa njengevela iqoqo izici eziningi zokuphila komuntu, ezihlanganisa izinkolelo-ze, amasiko nemikhuba, imikhawulo kwezenhlalo kanye anamahlazo, abanye bazizwa bephoqelekile ukulifunda zokuziphatha nobuhle, nokunye kubo. Huizinga inqatshelwe schematization lwetibalo olungisiwe izenzakalo zomlando ngaphansi izifanekiso enembile. Wazama adlulisele isimo umoya womuntu futhi ingqondo ngamaphupho, amathemba, ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ka nasezizukulwaneni ezidlule. Yayinesithakazelo ikakhulu ngomqondo lobuhle lubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa ubuciko.

izingoma

Ukusebenzisa amakhono ayo esingenakuqhathaniswa tetemibhalo, uJohan Huizinga uye wakwazi ukuveza indlela abantu wahlala esikhathini esidlule, sazizwa bese zihunyushwa ezingokoqobo emasiko abo. Ngaye, umlando kwakungelona uchungechunge lwezenzakalo zezombusazwe, elingenalo imizwa yangempela futhi emizweni, ngaphandle okungakwazi siphile ongashadile. Huizinga msebenzi omkhulukazi, "I Autumn Ephakathi" (1919), yalotshwa nalo mbono.

Lo msebenzi kumele kuqala kubhekwe njengento ucwaningo zomlando, kodwa kudlulela ngalé emincane uhlobo kwezigwegwe sendaba zomlando njengenhlangano, cwaningo kohlaziyo philological ka kweziwuchungechunge. Kunalokho, lo msebenzi uqokomisa imikhakha eyahlukene ezingokoqobo kwamasiko, okuyizinto anthropology okwakuthandelene, sobuhle bayo, ifilosofi, izinganekwane, inkolo, umlando yobuciko nezincwadi. Nakuba umlobi owayinaka izici engenangqondo komlando wesintu, kuba impela abagxeka irrationalism "ifilosofi yokuphila."

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka emashumi mathandathu anamihlanu mlando ubudala ishicilele ngomunye futhi umsebenzi wobuciko - umsebenzi "umdlalo bomuntu" (1938). Kwaba umvuthwandaba iminyaka eminingi ayichitha yomsebenzi emkhakheni umlando ifilosofi isiko. Huizinga udumo wayisa ukushicilelwa "Erasmus" (1924).

"Autumn Ephakathi"

"I Autumn Ephakathi" isibe edume kakhulu incwadi mlando. Kuyinto ngiyabonga besikhathi sakhe kakhulu wathola ngubani uJohan Huizinga, futhi bakwazi bajwayelane ezintsha zesayensi.

UJakobe Burckhardt nezinye izazi-mlando zesizukulwane Ephakathi kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso walowo Renaissance, futhi siwachaza ngokuthi sombuso okwangempela. umsebenzi Burckhardt BakaJehova bagxila Italian Renaissance, futhi cishe angizange ngisifihle esikhathini isiko isiFulentshi, Netherlands nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu enyakatho ye-Alps.

Huizinga uye wakubekela inselele ukuhumusha Ephakathi Yempucuko ngombono. Wayekholelwa ukuthi isiko medieval yanda futhi basinda isiqongo sokuthuthuka ekhulwini weshumi nambili kanye nantathu, ayeseza ukwehla eminyaka lweshumi nane kanye lweshumi nanhlanu. Ngokusho Huizinga, inkathi zomlando, njengoba umphefumulo ophilayo ngokwemvelo, bezalwa futhi bafe; yingakho Late Ephakathi kwaba isikhathi sokufa kanye kwenkathi yenguquko ukuba imvuselelo olwengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, esahlukweni "Ukufa Ikhoyili" uJohan Huizinga ngekhulu nanhlanu ukuboniswa ngendlela elandelayo: ukucabanga ngokufa yibona e kwengqondo yomuntu, futhi Kumholi wokuhlabelela "umdanso sokufa" iba ingxenye esiqintini imidwebo. Wabona moodiness ngaphezulu, ukukhathala kanye ISIFISO esidlule - izimpawu ukuguga isiko kuka izimpawu zokusimama nethemba ejwayelekile Yenguquko.

Naphezu yalelozwe ukuyaphi okwethulwa incwadi ethi "The Autumn Ephakathi", luhlala umsebenzi ezingasoze zabuna umlando namasiko nendawo udumo belingana imisebenzi odumile Yakoba Burkhardta.