Anatomy. Elbow ngokuhlanganyela: isakhiwo, nemisipha, imisipha nemisebenzi

Sakhiwo umsebenzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kuhlanganise namathambo amalunga, ukutadisha anatomy. Elbow ngokuhlanganyela iphathelene compounds wethambo kanye khulula esitho elingenhla ezakhiwe elihlangana izingxenye 3 amathambo is: i humerus, ulna kanye engaba.

Izingxenye joint

Endololwaneni ngokuhlanganyela - engavamile bony union, okuletha ndawonye ehlombe ibhodi lemisindo.

Izici isakhiwo kungenziwa kukhonjwe ukuhambisana eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlanganyela kanye kuhlanganiswe.

ngokuhlanganyela Inxanxathela ngokuthi ezifana kwetinhlavu okwakuhilela evele engaphezu kwemibili articular. Endololwaneni we ezintathu:

• ebusweni articular we distal humerus epiphysis (kuyunithi futhi condyle);
• ebusweni articular we ulna (trochlear notch nemisebe);
• ikhanda futhi glenoid umbuthano engaba.

ngokuhlanganyela Kuhlanganiswe libhekisela lezi zakhi lapho amalunga omzimba eziningana ezimele kuhlanganiswe umsindo articular capsule. Endololwaneni kwelinye capsule kuhlanganiswe ezizimele ezintathu.

Anatomy of the indololwane ngokuhlanganyela womuntu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, munye kwelinye kwakwakhe kukhona 3 izinhlobo ezahlukene amalunga:

• humeroulnar - uniaxial, ginglymoid;
• brachioradialis - eyindilinga, kodwa ukunyakaza Kwenziwa mayelana ezimbili izimbazo (engaphelele kanye mpo);
• radioulnar - cylindrical (Ukujikeleza mayelana eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu).

ukunyakaza olungenzeka endololwaneni

isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba enze iqoqo ezithile ukunyakaza. Lokhu flexion, isandiso, ukujikeleza (pronation futhi supination).

egobolondweni lelunga

egobolondweni lelunga izungeza ngokuhlanganyela 3. It is fixed ngaphambili futhi ezinhlangothini.

Front futhi bakhulise kuyinto ngempela nomzimba omncane, kancane welulela, kodwa ezinhlangothini ukuvikela indololwane wakhe umsipha. Anatomy of the ulwelwesi lwamalunga kuhlanganisa amathambo, ezingalotshwanga embozwe uqwanga, kodwa kukhona emalungeni.

Umsipha we ngokuhlanganyela indololwane

kwakwakhe ngamunye ithambo - kuyinto elakheke eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezicatshangwe kahle. Okuhlezi emqondweni indololwane nemisipha, okunikeza Ukuvikelwa nokunyakaza izindiza ezahlukene.

Ulnar umsipha eseduze iqala kusukela kumila humerus (the condyle medial) eqeda phezu ulna (trochlear-clip).

I osabalalayo eseduze umsipha iqala kusukela humerus (epicondyle lateral) ihlukaniswe imishayo ezimbili okuyinto washintsha futhi ahaqe inhloko engaba, ziphephile kuze ulna (clip ye osabalalayo).

Ring futhi izinyanda skwele engaba fixed kanye ulna.

Amaqupha ziboya exhunywe umsipha we indololwane. Anatomy of the kwakwakhe ukubizwa ngokuthi 'inhloko yabangamashumi ulna. " It wayengadlali abavame kakhulu uhlushwa ukulimala kanye umonakalo.

Ngaphezu umsipha labalulekile eluLwimi umsebenzi ithambo nenkanuko edlulele abathintekayo kanye ulwelwesi interosseous we ibhodi lemisindo. Lakhiwa imishayo eziqinile ukuthi ukuxhuma engaba futhi ulna. Enye yalezi imishayo kuyinto kolunye uhlangothi ngaphesheya, ngokuthi kuzithinta etshekile. It has a imbobo lapho imithambo yegazi nezinzwa. Bias kuzithinta kungukuqala eziningana imisipha ibhodi lemisindo.

Imisipha endololwaneni ngokuhlanganyela, nokwakheka umsebenzi

Kunezinhlobo eziningana emalungeni ithambo engavamile emzimbeni womuntu. Basuke bonke ukutadisha anatomy. Joint indololwane kuyinto engavamile ngendlela yalo. It ivikelwe Uhlaka ezinhle kwemisipha. umsebenzi esihlelwe kuzo zonke izicubu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ungaphazanyiswa wethambo ngokuhlanganyela.

Zonke imisipha ezithinta joint indololwane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu 3: extensors, flexors, rotators (pronation kwenziwe futhi supination).

extensors ngokuhlanganyela - triceps kwemisipha (triceps), tensor fascia we ibhodi lemisindo futhi indololwane imisipha.

flexors ngokuhlanganyela - the biceps (izikhwepha), brachioradialis nemisipha ehlombe.

Pronator - brachioradialis imisipha, pronator teres imisipha, pronator square enze ukunyakaza ukujikeleza ngaphandle nangaphakathi.

Insoles - biceps, supinator, brachioradialis imisipha ukushintshanisa ibhodi lemisindo kusuka ngaphakathi.

Ukwenza umzimba eziqinisa imisipha efakwe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuphepha. Joint indololwane ngokuvamile Kulimale abasubathi.

Igazi eligciniwe bafike endololwaneni ngokuhlanganyela, umumo womzimba

Kubalulekile kakhulu esikhundleni ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze uthole izakhi beze kuye ngegazi. Kuyinto zonke amalunga nemisipha livela iqembu imithambo. Zakhiwa amagatsha 8, okuyinto ahlelwe phezu egobolondweni lelunga.

inethiwekhi lemithambo letiphakela igazi ukuze joint, siqukethe izitsha elinegama elithi "anastomosis".

anatomy ngesimo sendawo joint indololwane - lena oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uhlelo semithambo ukuxhumana. Ngenxa leliqhinga Kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka of igazi ligeleze ngokuhlanganyela. Outflow Kwenziwa ngemithambo.

innervation imisipha

Yini eyenza abantu bakwazi inqubo ukunyakaza emalungeni? Kukhona ekhethekile ezinzwa izinhlangano obonisa kwemisipha innervation. Lokhu osabalalayo nezinzwa lesemkhatsini. Ziyakwazi ngaphambili endololwaneni.

Izici ngokuhlanganyela indololwane, izindlela zocwaningo

Joint indololwane usengozini kakhulu, njengoba Njalo sibhekana ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba.

Isikhathi esining impela, ukuqonda imbangela ubuhlungu, udokotela ekunika ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Kungaba-X-ray, i-MRI, ultrasound, arthroscopy, indololwane wokubhoboza.

Lezi survey kubonise isimo samanje amathambo nemisipha isikhala ngokuhlanganyela. Esithombeni isifundo sonke umkhathi kuyobonakala. Elbow - ilunga eziyinkimbinkimbi, okudinga Ukutadisha ngokucophelela futhi enemininingwane ngosizo impahla eyengeziwe.

Indlela eyinhloko izifo ekuxilongweni indololwane - X ray. Thatha izithombe ezenziwa ezimbili. Bavumela ukuba ubone zonke izinguquko amathambo.

Ukuze sithole izifo ezithambile izingxenye indololwane odokotela ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela.

Ukulimala nezifo

ubuhlungu njalo kule ndawo indololwane ungasho ukuthi kukhona abanye ukwephula. Emuva kokuhlolwa, uphethwe esivamile - kuyinto arthrosis. Kwenzeka, kanye arthritis, nokuningi.

arthrosis

Kwenzeka ingasaphathwa kanengi ukudlula e kwamadolo noma hip amalunga omzimba. Engozini kusuke kungabantu abazimo zabo emsebenzini ihlobene umthwalo anda ngokuhlanganyela indololwane nge umlando ukuhlukumezeka noma ukuhlinzwa ku endololwaneni, nge endocrine noma umzimba neziyaluyalu, abanesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka: njalo ezidabukile ubuhlungu ukuthi kwenzeka ngemuva komsebenzi ngokomzimba. Lenza emva ukuphumula. Ukuchofoza noma crunching indololwane. Linganisa uhla motion.

sokuqaqamba kwamalunga

Okuvuthayo isifo ngokuhlanganyela. Izizathu okungenzeka miningi. Kungenzeka izifo, nokungezwani komzimba nezinto, load yakho iphezulu kakhulu ku joint, ukungondleki.

Ifomu arthritis kungaba oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona.

izimpawu Main: ubuhlungu ophikelelayo, isikhumba ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukunqunywa ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela.

rheumatoid arthritis

Ezimweni eziningi, endololwaneni eshaya i-rheumatoid arthritis. Izimpawu zayo: ukuqina ekuseni, samathambo ziyalingana (kokubili amalunga avuvukele), ubuhlungu chronic, ukubamba iqhaza enqubeni isifo amalunga omzimba amancane kakhulu (izandla, iqakala, isihlakala, idolo).

epicondylitis

ukugula kaningi kubantu omsebenzi wakhe ixhunyiwe imithwalo phezulu bafike endololwaneni (ithenisi, igalofu, i-wrestling).

Kukhona 2 izinhlobo: lateral, medial.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka: ubuhlungu endaweni ye epicondyle ezilimele, ezisabalele ukuze imisipha ibhodi lemisindo (phambili noma ngemuva). Ekuqaleni ubuhlungu isifo kwenzeke ngemva kokuzivivinya. Esikhathini esizayo, ubuhlungu esiyitholayo ngisho by ukunyakaza kahle.

bursitis

Ukuvuvukala egobolondweni lelunga. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu kabani msebenzi uhilela nge ukulimala njalo ebusweni posterior we indololwane.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka: ukuvuvukala, throbbing ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala ngesikhathi ezingemuva indololwane, umkhawulo motion kwawo namandla awo. Ngokuvamile izimpawu eyinhloko imfiva, yaba buthaka jikelele, ukucobeka, izinhlungu zekhanda uqale.

ukulimala

Okungafuneki ithonya ngokomzimba indololwane kungabangela ukulimala. Lokhu dislocation, ikheli lokuposa, isenyelo, ukopha ngokuhlanganyela (hemarthrosis), ukulimala kwemisipha, articular capsule ukudabuka.

Lezi ukulimala nezifo evamise nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ukuze uzivikele kubo, kufanele enze izinyathelo zokuvimbela: ukugwema ukucindezeleka okungadingekile, zinike ukuphumula ngesikhathi esifanele, kuba zokuvimbela ezibalulekile ngezimo kuhlasimulise emsebenzini, ukunamathela Ukudla, ngokulinganisela ngokomzimba ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo futhi articular yokuzivocavoca.