Junk - umlando futhi ukuziqhenya lasolwandle Chinese

Akuwona wonke umuntu kungaba uzwa igama elithi "ukungcola". Kodwa labo abezwa ke okokuqala, cishe uyazibuza ukuthi kusho. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi okungenamsoco - umkhumbi okungokwesiko eChina, okuyinto has eziningi umehluko omkhulu kusukela abamele European shipbuilding umkhakha. Futhi umehluko obonakalayo Uma unganakile, futhi uqhubeka utadisha kulomkhumbi engavamile.

ukubukeka Eyingqayizivele

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi okungenamsoco kusuka imikhumbi wukuthi okuphakelayo kwalesi isitsha kuyinto ngempela ebanzi futhi kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhaleni kokuba ukuma kakhulu elingunxande, kuyinto kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki lapho uya khona, umkhumbi-Chinese waba phansi flat. Konke lokhu wadala engavamile kakhulu ukubukeka junks umphelelisi ngempumelelo oseyili yasekuqaleni futhi imidwebo bendabuko ezinhlangothini futhi bakhulise. Njengomthetho, lapho kuboniswa ezintabeni namafu, kanye Dragons nezinye izidalwa wasenganekwaneni.

Ngenxa zalelo nani elikhulu izimfanelo okungenamsoco - kungenzeka umkhumbi liyabonakala kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esiyingqayizivele, njengoba ngemikhumbi bendabuko European alisebenzi emazweni amaningi, nakhona okuncane kakhulu ezivamile. Nokho, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi lokhu umkhumbi - ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, ezingaphezu kuka-300.

indaba

Leli gama okusikhumbuza bendabuko igama American lisuselwa Malay izwi Đông, okuyinto kabi izwi yuzhnominskogo lwesigodi, okusho "isitsha". Ngamanye amazwi, okungenamsoco - lokhu umkhumbi kuka Eqinisweni, lokhu kusho ukuthi.

Inganekwane endala ithi Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala walolu hlobo lamiswa ezulwini lo mbusi Chinese Fu hsi. Wayehlala ezikude 29 leminyaka BC futhi wayaziwa ngokuba yokuthi abakhileyo ezweni wanika ulwazi oluyimfihlo, nesandla ekuthuthukiseni impucuko. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu okungenamsoco Chinese ohlonishwayo zaseMpumalanga Ekude futhi South-East Asia, njengabantu abathile uhlobo ophilayo isidalwa, iphethe Ubumnene, uhlamvu futhi athandeke nakakhulu. Nokho, ezinye izazi-mlando bathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi junks uqala ukuvela eminyakeni engaba ngu-1000 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi China lingaphansi kuka kwamanye amazwe amaningi bebelokhu benesithakazelo ekuhloleni ezindaweni ezikude olwandle, umkhumbi kuqala zasolwandle uvele lapha. Futhi kwaba okungenamsoco. kungapheli kwato avunyelwe ukushayela emanzini evulekile bonke osayizi, kodwa ijubane ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlala sasivumela encane.

oseyili engavamile

Ngoba umuntu isici enhle kakhulu kuyinto junks yayo i icala engavamile, futhi othile ngowokuqala yabhekisela oseyili. Insika ku lowo mkhumbi, ngokuvamile kusukela ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu. Basuke etholakala ovundlile bamboo izingongolo, okuyizinto abanikazi oseyili engavamile. A umbono jikelele kubo ufana fan - kokubili uhlelo ngaphandle futhi ukusonga.

Ekuqaleni, oseyili zazenziwe mhlanga amacansi, okuyinto wabenza esinzima kakhulu, ngakho okungenamsoco ngesikhathi awuzange aguqulelwe ukubhukuda okusheshayo. Kodwa isidingo kwakungeyona. Kodwa amandla impahla ivumela useyili ukumelana ipheshulwa ka ngisho nomoya eziqine. Kamuva mat salandelwa izicubu ongadalwa rapidity kanye maneuverability.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIII, China wavakashela umthengisi Venetian kanye isihambi-Marco Polo. Wenza incazelo eningiliziwe umkhumbi yasekuqaleni Asian futhi kwavele kwammangaza ukuthi abanye junks ngaphezu insika ezine ekhona kungaba ukukhwezwa sokuphumula, ungakwazi phaka oseyili ambalwa.

junks lempi

Kuyini okungenamsoco ukuze Chinese? Ngokuvamile kuba umkhumbi wabahwebi owawufike noma izithuthi. Okuningi akuvamile ngaphezulu lalisetshenziselwa izinjongo wezempi. Izazi-mlando ziye iqiniso ezithakazelisayo: ekhulwini th 16-17, amaShayina yabonisa ugu Pirates isiPutukezi, Dutch futhi Japanese. Kunalokho yokugqugquzela amabutho futhi ngibaxoshe, amaShayina waphendukela azibhala lasendulo, sikwenzela izincomo kulesi simo. Hhayi kakhulu ekutholeni impendulo yombuzo wakho, abantu of China ziye zanquma ukulishiya izinto njengoba zinjalo.

Nokho, uyini lo okungenamsoco, kodwa umkhumbi ilungele isinyathelo sezempi? Ukuzinza umkhumbi ikuvumela ukuyisetha kusukela 5 kuya ku-7: 12-pounders kanye nodonga lwesivikelo ekhethekile bavikelekile zezibhamu imicibisholo. Kulokhu, ubukhulu Amatilosi abantu 200 kanye ukufuduka - amathani angu-200.

junks Japanese

Junks, wadala eJapane, uhlukile amaShayina, kuhlanganise ngaphandle. Endaweni yokuqala ivelele ugobile izinhlangothi bese imphakamisele phezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi okuphakelayo, hung phezu isondo.

Ngokungafani amaShayina, udoti Japanese - besemkhunjini kanye insika emaphakathi eyodwa kuphela, okuyinto useyili ewumngcingo elingunxande. Enye insika encane esitshekile esisogwini umnsalo emkhunjini, mhlawumbe ungase zigezwe uma kunesidingo. Esinye isici junks Japanese ukuthi imishayo - imishayo ukuthi zakha isisekelo emphemeni - babengaphandle kwesitokisi isitsha, bese kukhula isikhala ezisebenzisekayo ngaphansi wezimpahla.

yesimanjemanje

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi udoti yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3 yinkulungwane edlule, kusenzima efanele. Isizathu esiyinhloko - icebo eliphelele, esinikela ukuzinza, umthamo kanye maneuverability emanzini angajulile. Iminyaka eminingi izikebhe lasendulo azizange zishintshe, ngisho manje useyinto okungenamsoco efanayo ephakathi. Photo libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kuncane kangakanani umehluko okhona phakathi emkhunjini ubudala futhi yesimanje.

Okwamanje, ezinye izindawo abampofu China ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziphile phezu junks, okuyinto ishibhile kuka ukuthenga umuzi. Lo mkhumbi inikeza abadobi ngokudla nangokwenama akunika igazi, ngakho-ke impela endaweni ethandwa ukuhlala. Abanikazi-junks uncamela ezinza emifuleni eduze emadolobheni amakhulu. Labantu kulezi nemizana elintantayo kungaba nabantu abafika kwabangu-ayizinkulungwane 80, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, emzini Canton. Ekhatsi Hong Kong, isiShayina ohlala junks, futhi, impela eningi - mayelana 12 eziyinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje junks esetshenziswa izivakashi.