Kanjani ikhampasi: Indaba umsuka kafushane

Kuyini ikhampasi - zonke wesikole uyazi. Ngaphandle-ke abakwazi ukwenza geometry izifundo, ukudweba. Imisa okukhiwa amathuluzi abe umfundi ngamunye ekolishi lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa owasungula lo mshini njengoba kwakukhona ikhampasi? Iqiniso ukuthi udvweba indilinga - kuyaqondakala lokhu kusukela lesiLatin elithi circulus, okuvela kulo igama yensimbi. Lapho uvele nekhampasi lwesintu?

Izinganekwane Legends of Ancient Greece

Mayelana nendlela kwakukhona ikhampasi, ngikulandise kafushane ezinganekwaneni eGrisi lasendulo. Ngamunye wethu uyazi indaba Daedalus nendodana yakhe Icarus. Kodwa ambalwa nizwile ukuthi umkhulu wami naye wayengu-umshana, Talos, indodana kadadewabo. ithalente sokusungula ubekade umshana igazi labo ngakwesokunxele ngemva kokufa kwakhe, izinduku ezimbili axhumene futhi bakwazi uhlela umbuthano ephelele. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-ikhampasi kuqala.

Talos owasungula le wheel yombumbi, lapho eneminyaka engu-12 kuphela ubudala. Wabuye kungokwalabo ukudalwa wabona: lokhu feat izinhlanzi wakhe skeleton. Uma kungenjalo ngokufa Talos esemncane, abaningi eyaziwa kithi amathuluzi noma izindlela ukuthi ngabe uvele ekuqaleni kakhulu. Kodwa izazi-mlando zithi lo mshini esingekho ngaphansi kweminyaka 3 ayizinkulungwane. Abase-Asiriya nabaseBhabhiloni wayisebenzisa yini ikhampasi futhi umbusi izakhiwo, eveza imigca lecondzile nemibuthano ephelele ngesikhathi amathempeli, izindonga zezindlu, kwi izitsha kanye nezinkomishi. umthombo ethile, indaba ukuthi kwakukhona ikhampasi, indaba akusiniki igama, kodwa ngaphandle kwalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukudweba indilinga ephelele noma engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu edlule, hhayi manje.

imivubukulo

Abavubukuli lapho bemba are bonakaliso ezahlukene lasendulo imvelaphi ikhampasi. Ngokutadisha lasendulo yokungcwaba indunduma, France, abavubukuli bathola ngethuluzi lensimbi, owayeneminyaka eyishumi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2 ayizinkulungwane. Buried ngaphansi nomlotha emzini waseGrisi uPompey, kwaba kwabasizi beemphathiswa yekhampasi lasendulo: umlotha ethola amalungu amaningi aleli lezi zinsimbi wazenza ngethusi. Kodwa eRussia kwakukhona okutholakele efanayo: ngesikhathi kumbiwa ngo archeologists Novgorod usuthole ikhampasi - umsiki steel. babe Ngoba lokho amathuluzi Novgorod? Endulo eRussia thina samthanda amaphethini izigungu ezifanele, futhi wathi asebenza nge leli thuluzi.

Mayelana nendlela kwakukhona ikhampasi, indaba imvelaphi yakhe kulezi zingxenye - konke lokhu akwaziwa. Trade elala eByzantium Kwamiswa Oleg Lesiprofetho: ngaleyo ndlela, kungenzeka avele Russia, kanye namanye amathuluzi. Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umklamo ithuluzi ayikashintshi kakhulu. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukusetshenziswa ikhampasi, amathiphu kuphela engezwe ku-isisekelo salo, esiwulwazi aqiniswe futhi yinde umlenze wakhe phambili.

Ukwakhiwa kanye izakhiwo

Ithuluzi sesimanje ikuvumela ukwandisa obungazungeza cm angu-60, kanye yasekuqaleni ukukhula ikhampasi - 12 cm Labo ababenza umklamo, imidwebo, ikhampasi kudingekile kakhulu :. ukwakha arc, bushelelezi umbuthano kunzima ngaphandle kwakhe. On emathempelini lasendulo sobala ikakhulukazi, ukuthi uma nje kwakukhona pair of ikhampasi, yezakhiwo, domes wayephelele. ungabona isithombe isandla wezakhiwo, okuyiwona sensimbi ebonakalayo olungaphambili lwesonto amasonto lasendulo Georgian ka Mtskheta.

Architects, onjiniyela, abakhi - abasebenzisi eyinhloko ithuluzi, ngaphandle okuyinto ngeke ukwakha noma yini. Compass kanye sikwele - idivayisi umdwebo esebenza abaklami. Ngaphandle kwawo, wayengeke ezidalwe isakhiwo arched, namabala ingilazi emasontweni Ephakathi: at Notre Dame noma St Vitus Cathedral - ePrague.

A ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ikhampasi, sifinyeto zonke ezinganekwaneni kokusungulwa kuchaziwe ngenhla. Futhi wathi nje umklamo walo awuzange ushintshe. Kodwa omunye awanakuziziba yokuthi baningi ikhampasi zakudala analog. Ahloselwe hhayi kuphela zokuphetha imibuthano, kodwa futhi ezinye izinjongo. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhampasi marker: baphathe ngayo mshini komugqa. Noma calipers. It okudingekayo ukuze bakwazi ukudweba indilinga encane ukuze ubukhulu kungaba 2 mm. Uma udinga umdwebo eyenziwe inki, ipeni ipensela umdwebo ungayithola enye kalula.

Caliper - ukulinganisa circumferences ka diameters ezahlukene. Ukulinganisa isikali kumephu, kuzodinga abahlukanisi ezilinganiselwe. Abaklami bamabalazwe, wabahloli, amatilosi - konke ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi esiyingqayizivele. Kukhona ithuluzi okuthiwa "olwandle".

Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kanjani uzungeze uye akukho zinguquko eziyisisekelo, kodwa kokuningi yandile kakhulu. Medicine - isayensi esebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene amathuluzi. Kube stout ikhampasi: lokhu kungumnikelo ezinkulu nezincane. Bakhonza ukukala umzimba kanye nekhanda lomuntu, Ubukhulu bayo transverse. Ukusebenzisa caliper kukalwa ukushuba ongama amafutha imali. Isikhathi esining impela isisetshenziswa umkhuba azoya: ukubaluleka esithile ukhalo abesifazane abakhulelwe. Ikhampasi Weber sika - kuba psychophysiologists ithuluzi: bona kulinganiswa embundwini nozwela isikhumba womuntu.

Astronomy nokusetshenziswa ongokomfanekiso

On sky zethu ezingenayo kukhona Umlaza, okuthiwa "ikhampasi". It iseningizimu Nenkabazwe eningizimu, esondelene kakhulu umlaza α-Centauri. Kuyinto encane kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukubukela angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa-Russia. abavikela ngesiGreki yezinkanyezi - unkulunkulukazi Urania, has a ukuqokwa ufanekisela one nekhampasi.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba kwakukhona ikhampasi, waba olumelela ubulungisa. Thanda isikwele, umbuthano ingaphandle imigca lecondzile. Ngu uqobo, sibalo umbuthano ichashaza maphakathi - ke ubulungiswa, futhi umthombo wokuphila. Owaziwa bonke omeselandi kanye nabakhi, wathatha isibonakaliso ngendlela ebaluleke ithuluzi ezimbili ubunjiniyela - isikwele ikhampasi, bakubheka izithombe zabo. Bafanekisela komhlaba namazulu, futhi phakathi nendawo - uhlamvu «G»: geometry noma uMuntu Ophakeme Kakhulu.

AmaShayina esetshenziswa isithonjana ikhampasi elifanekisela ukuziphatha ngendlela efanele. umbusi Chinese Fo-hi, ngubani ngoba ethathwa njengeSabatha ongafi, elisetshenziswa izimfanelo zakhe ikhampasi, udadewabo - isikwele. Ndawonye, bamele "yin" ne- "yang": ukuvumelana zokuphila.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo isikwele sasifanekisela umzimba wenyama kanye indilinga - isimo sakhe esingokomoya. Ngakho, indingilizi echazwe ngosizo ikhampasi - ke iwuphawu ukuphelela komphefumulo womuntu.