Kanjani ukubala impesheni esizayo ngokwakho: ubukhulu, umholo, ifomula, isibonelo

Yazi indlela ukubala umhlalaphansi esizayo, kubalulekile, njengoba lolu lwazi kuzovumela isithombe esicacile Ngokuzayo zezimali emva asebenzayo isikhathi zabasebenzi. Esikhathini kohlaka lesi sihloko, zikhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi ukuthi awaziwa ukuba umuntu osesilinganisweni emgwaqweni.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Ngaphambi ukuhlola algorithm ukubala, kunengqondo ukuba abhekane nalokho kuyinto impesheni yomhlalaphansi. Enye incazelo kakhulu elula: a ukunxeshezelwa ngokwezimali inkokhelo kanye nezinye izinzuzo kulabo izakhamuzi abaye oVikelwe, futhi ngenxa ezicini eziningana, ezihlanganisa ubudala, ingasakwazi ukuhlinzeka bona.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kwezimpesheni, okuyizinto kuwufanele azi:

- TP okubangelwa abanokukhubazeka;

- TP ngeminyaka (ubudala);

- TA ezihambisana nokulahlekelwa umondli.

Izimali imihlomulo yempesheni kukhona iminikelo umshwalense ngabaqashi. Bala impesheni kukhona kosikazi finyelela engu-55, futhi amadoda abaye banqoba luyingqophamlando engu-60. Akuve imithetho ecacile ukuthi unikeze impendulo elula yalowo mbuzo - lokho engu umhlalaphansi manje esiphuthumayo eRussia. Kodwa ngisho noma isakhamuzi, ngakho ukukhuluma, reworked, awusebenzi ahlale ngaphandle ukunakwa.

Okwamanje, yesikhwama sempesheni isebenzisa ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi ukubala izinkokhelo, kodwa lokhu kungenxa isifiso acabangele izici ezihlukahlukene kungathikameza inani yokubhadala. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, bazama ukuqonda ukuthi ukubala impesheni yomhlalaphansi, kudingeka acabangele izinkomba zokuveza indlela yokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kulesi sibalo. Sikhuluma izinto ezilandelayo:

- CU (isizinda ingxenye). Its zikahulumeni isethi, kucatshangelwa khona amalungu omndeni sincike imikhawulo inqubo umsebenzi kanye nobudala.

- LF (ingxenye uxhaso yempesheni umhlalaphansi zabasebenzi). Leli okuyingxenye is kusukela imali ozoyithola kutshalozimali kwezimali yempesheni Pension Fund we Russian Federation futhi ngokuzithandela iminikelo umshwalense.

- MF (umshwalense ingxenye impesheni). It kuncike dolobha yempesheni, okuyinto yena, liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: isamba umshuwalense kusukela 2002 futhi kulinganiselwa impesheni amafa ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi.

Ngokuvamile, ukubala isebenzisa izingcezu ezimbili ulwazi mayelana isakhamuzi - ukuze izinguquko yempesheni futhi ngemva kwaso. Futhi townsfolk abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi ukubala impesheni esizayo, leli qiniso kufanele kucutshungulwe.

Ingxenye esele kulesi sihloko kuzoxoxwa kabanzi mayelana zezici ezifanelekayo izigaba ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi kwezempi.

Yini ebaluleke acabangele ngaphambi kokubala

Ukuze uqonde ngokucacile ukuthi ungawukhipha kanjani ukubala umhlalaphansi ngokuzayo, udinga ukuba banake ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama okuyinto incike ubukhulu izinkokhelo. Ngakho, ngamaqembu ahlukene izakhamuzi kanye nemibandela ukubala kuyoba ukuhluka:

- Abaphilile umhlala, qhubeka ukusebenza, bangathembela yokuthi inkokhelo uma yabo okungazange kukhanselwe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kancane kancane.

- Uma umuntu elungiselela kokuphela kwesikhathi umsebenzi futhi wasebenza eziningi ngaphambi kabusha, ubuchwepheshe yayo nesipiliyoni uzobe recalculated ku amaphuzu ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa ngokwezimali.

- Kunabantu kabani yobudala iseduze umhlalaphansi, kodwa awukaze wasebenza iminyaka engu-15. Lesi sigaba yezakhamuzi, kanye abantu abanalo nhlobo, kube kuphela bakwazi ukuthola impesheni zomphakathi.

- Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi asebenzayo imisebenzi emibili ngeke nilingenise nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso elandelayo: lonke inani amaphuzu, okuyinto izofakwa nge empeleni ukuhlala ezingeni izakhamuzi abathola iholo okusemthethweni umqashi efanayo.

- Ukucabanga ukuthi ukubala impesheni, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa okungabi nalwazi nesithakazelo phakathi ekuqongeleleni kanye umshwalense impesheni kungaholela ukulahlekelwa okuthile. Inani yokukhokha kuyoba ngaphezulu kuphela uma esigabeni igunya bayozibuthela.

Nokho, okusobala Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iholo okuthiwa imvilophu siba sibi impesheni ngombono njengoba iyehlisa inani ezibanjwayo.

Ohlelweni esikweletu izinguquko ezisemqoka

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi kabusha impesheni wenze izinguquko ezithile endleleni esenza uhlelo accrual, kodwa isebenza kuphela izinzuzo sokuguga. Kule ndawo, lezo zingxenye okwakukhona eyodwa, manje ukwehlukanisa, izakhi ngabanye ukubala. Sikhuluma yomshuwalense kanye izimpesheni emsebenzini. Kuyinto oluthile lomshuwalense kunqunywa kokucabangela amaphuzu. Ukuze buthelela inani elidingekayo babo, kudingeka enze iminikelo njalo isigaba umshwalense impesheni. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba acabangele yokuthi lezi zinguquko ezifanelekayo nabantu abakuphila umsebenzi wethulwa 2015. Kuphela labo ababehlanganyela ngenkuthalo ayesebenza isikhathi eside ngaphambi naleso sikhathi, izinguquko ohlelweni ngeke siphile.

Kodwa kubantu abasha, lokhu kuyosho ukuthi inqubo enjalo, njengoba ukubala impesheni, isilinganiso somholo ngeke lunqume kuphela. Ngokuvamile, ukuze baqonde uhlobo umhlalaphansi ungakwazi ukubala, udinga ukuba acabangele izingxenye ezintathu:

- okuyisikhathi ubudala;

- elithi umhlalaphansi ;

- Inani ezibanjwayo.

Uma isizukulwane esedlule, kwakubalulekile ukuba isilinganiso esifanele eminikelo futhi iminyaka okungenani 5 esisemthethweni lomsebenzi kubantu abasha kuze kube kuyinto izimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo.

Okokuqala, kukhuphuke kwesikhathi edingekayo womsebenzi zabasebenzi uyokhula minyaka yonke aze afinyelele ezingeni iminyaka engu-15. Lokhu okwamanje kumelwe angene 2025.

Manje - ngokuqondile kabanzi mayelana nezidingo zokuthola impesheni yomhlalaphansi:

- Okokuqala udinga ukufinyelela kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ukuze abesifazane sekuyiminyaka 55, amadoda kuyodingeka isebenze uze 60.

- Kuyadingeka ukuba kuvelwe ubuncane isipiliyoni somsebenzi. Sikhuluma nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-15.

- Isimo sokugcina khona inani elidingekayo lamaphuzu, okuyinto-30 noma ngaphezulu.

amabhola accrual kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuba kubhekelwe lapho izinto ezifana ubukhulu iminikelo, ubudala kanye neminyaka yobudala, lapho isakhamuzi ngabanye iphumula.

Ifomula ukubala yempesheni, abantu efanele eliyiduna kuzomele sifake zonke lezi izinkomba. Uma kukhona ukungabi amaphuzu noma isipiliyoni lifushane kakhulu, okukhiphayo ngeholide imisiwe iminyaka 5. Futhi kulesi simo ngeke ifomu ukhiye kwezimpesheni - yezenhlalakahle noma zabasebenzi.

Labo empeleni ucedzela umsebenzi noma ukulungele ayeke imisebenzi ngokuqondene engu esondela umhlalaphansi, ungakhathazeki. Nakuba izibalo kanye izoguqulelwa, noma ngeke zithinte inani impesheni, noma omunye kuzoholela ukwanda.

The kungenzeka amabhonasi ukuthola

Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, izakhamuzi ezimweni ezithile ukwazi ukuthola amaphuzu engeziwe. Lezi amabhonasi anikezwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

- Uma benakekela izingane ezikhubazekile. Kwaphela isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka zokunakekela okunje ngalinye icala 1.8 ibhola.

- Lapho isakhamuzi ukwenza inkonzo yezempi ebuthweni Russian. Kukhona futhi zizothola amaphuzu 1.8 amaphuzu unyaka umsebenzi ngamunye.

- Bala uragele phambili amabhonasi can nabesifazane abangabafundi abakhuthele ku sokubeletha. Kulesi simo, ukushaja isikimu kuhlukile kancane. Traditional 1.8 kuletha ibhola ngonyaka wokuqala esinqumweni. Izinsuku ezingu-365 kulandela ukuhlinzeka ithuba uthole ibhola 3.6. Ngomnyaka wesithathu ka-iholidi ukuze anakekele ingane ucosha uphawu ezingeni 5.4 amabhola. Uma isikhathi kwalesi simemezelo ngeke idlule esiyiminyaka emithathu, unyaka ngamunye isimo ngeke bakhokhiswe 5.4 ibhola.

- Amabhonasi izoba khona kulabo abanakekela isihlobo, ogama yobudala idlula iminyaka 80. Nawa ukushaja ezingeni okujwayelekile (1.8).

Iqhubeka isihloko amabhola, kudingeka waphinda ukuziqhakambisa ukubaluleka ubudala. Njengoba iye echazwe ngenhla, ngokuvumelana simiso esidala, bekungelona inkomba key, okuyinto wadlala enkulu indima ezibanjwayo ngosayizi. Manje isimo sesishintshile: ekwakhekeni inzuzo enjalo njalo nyangazonke ibhekwa yempesheni ubudala njengoba Kuzoba elilodwa lamanani ukhiye. Okungukuthi, labo abaye basebenza isikhathi eside izofakwa ekuphileni kwabo isikhathi eside besebenza ukuthi uyoba nethonya eliqondile inani impesheni.

Uma sikhuluma indlela amabhola kubalwa, kubalulekile ukuba banake le ndlela elandelayo:

(Ipo konyaka N / NGOs unyaka N) * 10.

lapho ngaphansi Ipo kuyadingeka ukuqonda ngabanye isakhamuzi iminikelo esikhwameni sempesheni, ama-NGO kule sebhithi kusho amacala, kanye nencwadi N isetshenziswa selisho ngalowo nyaka.

Isikimu sibalo

Ekhuluma izinkokhelo esizayo kubantu abasondelene umhlalaphansi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlelo ehlukile kunaleyo esimweni intsha, okuyinto namanje omningi.

Uma isakhamuzi Russian Federation baqala ukusebenza ngaphambi kuka-January 1, 2002, khona-ke kuyinto efanele, le ndlela elandelayo kuhlaziywa impesheni:

P = PBS + SCH1 SCH2 + ST.

Ngaphansi isidingo FBI ukukuqonda impesheni fixed eziyisisekelo, okuyinto lihlelwe nguhulumeni.

SCH1 - kuyinto umshwalense ingxenye yempesheni lapho ubalwa kusetshenziswa lobu Ukufakwa amaphrimiyamu umqashi kuze 2002.

SCH2 - umshwalense ingxenye, ehlanganisa iminikelo kusukela 2002.

Njengoba kunqunywa CB kanye valorisation ngenani lemali incike inani leminyaka egcwele service.

Uma upende esiteji ye-algorithm ukubala, inqubo kuyoba isithombe ngake xaka.

Ngakho kuqala kukho konke acabangele stazhevoy isici ukuthi uyoba nethonya eliqondile inani impesheni ngenxa yalokho. Wayelapho kanje: amayunithi 0.55 eyabelwe amadoda iminyaka yesevisi 25 ngaphambi kabusha (2002) kanye abesifazane esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-20. Uma kwenzeka yokudlula lomkhawulo unyaka ngamunye sengezwe 0.01 ubunye isici, ingxenye esebenzayo akumele seqe uphawu 0.20. Ngakho, ngaphansi kwengqikithi ethi "Ukuphepha kanjani ukubala impesheni esizayo" Ekuqaleni kudingeka ukuba banake isipiliyoni.

Okulandelayo ekubalweni isilinganiso iholo lithathe umhlalaphansi esizayo futhi imali isilinganiso kuleli zwe 2000 - 2001 iminyaka. Kungenjalo, kungaba idatha sisetjentiselwe kufundzisa nome ngusiphi izinyanga 60 isipiliyoni somsebenzi, esingeyena amakhefu.

Kulokhu isilinganiso kumele singeqi ezingeni 1.2. Uma sikhuluma abakhileyo enyakatho ekude, khona-ke lesi sibalo izokhuphuka emhlabeni 1.4-1.9 amayunithi. Lokhu ixhomeke Coefficient iholo, liphakathi efakwe endaweni ethile.

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo atholakala komholo iphindwe Coefficient kanye nenani ruble 1671. Isibalo yokugcina emaphakathi wenyanga kuleli ngekota 3rd 2001, samukelwa ukukhokha. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka yempesheni, wasiphinda ngokuvumelana nomthetho omusha.

impesheni encishisiwe

Kulokhu, njengoba umbuzo efanele "kanjani ukubala impesheni ngokwayo?". Kodwa ukuze ukuhlukanisa izibalo kukahle ukuqedela Inombolo yezenzo ngokulandelana.

- Okokuqala, ake uthole ulwazi mayelana izikhundla zabo - kungaba libhekisela izigaba oyithandayo. Thola lolu lwazi kwi website yethu PF, equkethe uhlu ukuzibonakalisa ukuthi uvumele ochwepheshe ukuya ukuphumula okufanele ngaphambi lonke izakhamuzi.

- Uma umsebenzi oyifunayo Kuye kwatholakala ohlwini, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kuzoncishiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuchaza nezikhathi ezithile umsebenzi ukuthi yibo ababalwa njengenzalo isipiliyoni. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuba banake kokubili ukuphila isikhathi eside futhi sikhungo, kwakudingeka basebenze izindonga zazo, ngoba kukhona uhlu amabhizinisi ezihlobene isigaba nelungelo.

- counting isipiliyoni kanye ukuqonda idatha womqashi wangaphambili, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi ulwazi etholakale nezidingo nomthetho wamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukwazi ukuthi zingaki amabhola isiqinisekiso isamba neminyaka ikhumbula amazinga iminikelo impesheni. Lolu lwazi kungabuye atholakala PF.

- Inombolo Owamukelwayo amaphuzu okumele siphindwe Coefficient umhlalaphansi, futhi ekugcineni uthole encishisiwe usayizi impesheni.

Ukusetshenziswa service electronic

Labo abafisa ukuya ngendlela elula, kunengqondo ukuba banake wokubala yempesheni, okuyinto kwi website esemthethweni ye-RF Sempesheni esibhalisiwe. Lolu hlelo ngeke kakhulu lula inqubo kokubala izinkomba ezidingekayo.

Le sevisi ihlanganisa zonke input efanele, okungase kuthinte lemali yempesheni kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba eholidini. Okudingekayo - ukugcwalisa zonke izinkambu, okuyinto nomsebenzi olula.

umhlalaphansi wokubala inikeza isithombe umgomo kakhulu. Nawubalisisako ucabangela, isibonelo, sebuthweni. Nakuba leli gama akachaziwe njengoba ubude yesevisi ye kuye isakhamuzi Russian uthola 1.8 amaphuzu.

Ziyabhekelelwa zonke iminyaka enikelwe yezabasebenzi esisemthethweni. Ukukhethwa kuleli cala inelungelo womama Isinqumo isikhathi. Phela, izikolo ikhefu ukuze anakekele ingane Uphinde abhekwe.

Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi izakhamuzi Russian ungathola ibhonasi nezimpesheni yabo ngesilinganiso 25%, uma kuyintando ezingu-30 eminyakeni engu-abahlala emaphandleni futhi wasebenza emkhakheni wezolimo.

Kuthiwani isipiliyoni Soviet

Abaningi banesithakazelo eqinisweni ngayo kubhekelelwe ubudala aluthola ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaSoviet, nokuthi uyophinde ngokuvamile kube nenzuzo. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuba abale owesifazane impesheni owazalwa ngo-1961 kanye nezinye izakhamuzi, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe ngesikhathi umkhandlu.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ubude eye etholwe kuze kube 2002, kuhlanganise kuze kube ekusungulweni Russian Federation, is kucutshungulwe. Uma iminyaka yangaphambi izinguquko, inani zabasebenzi ifinyelele iphuzu 27, ukuthi ngabo uzobe isici wanezela. Ubukhulu bayo ngeke libe izingxenye ezimbili: 0.55 ngoba iminyaka engu-20 insizakalo ngaphambi 2002 futhi 0.01 per 12 izinyanga phezu kwezinkambiso icacise ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engaphezu kuka-eziyisikhombisa kuyoba 0,07. Ngenxa yalokho, Coefficient lapho iholo 1.2 kuzodluliselwa.

Kodwa, ngeshwa, izakhamuzi eziningi zaseSoviet iholo impesheni ukubala empeleni kunakwe. Kunalokho, ucabangela inkokhelo isilinganiso ezweni esikhathini kusuka 2000 kuya ku-2001, lapho zazilingana ruble 1647. Khipha inkokhelo baseSoviet ukuze ukunquma ngokunembile inhlokodolobha impesheni. Lezi zinkomba niyozenezelelwa iminikelo kanye nakho, eqoshiwe emva kabusha.

Ngokwesilinganiso, isakhamuzi osesebenze iminyaka engu-35 futhi uthola iholo ruble 20,000. bakwazi ukubala on impesheni ka 35% yobukhulu bayo, okungukuthi kancane kuka ruble 7000. Lokhu kungase kungabi ngempela isibonelo rainbow kokubala izimpesheni kube lusizo kulabo izakhamuzi abaye ngentshiseko wasebenza kwamaSoviet. I plus kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lapho besebenza engu ukukhokhelwa kwempesheni kuyagcinwa.

wezempi

Inqubo yokunquma inani impesheni kulesi sigaba sama-izakhamuzi has izici zayo siqu ukuthi kumele kunakwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlunga kanjani ukubala impesheni lempi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi wokubala somhlalaphansi luzoba acabangele amapharamitha alandelayo kulokhu:

- Ubude inkonzo. Isikhathi umsebenzi zabasebenzi kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ubukhulu izinkokhelo. Kuphela ngenxa le nkomba izibonelelo yemali ingase wezempi kunyuke ngo-50%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unyaka ngamunye kuletha okungajwayelekile ngaphezulu 3% inani eliqinisekisiwe.

- Ukukhubazeka, egcwele phetho yisiphi isifo. Kulokhu, nesabelo ongafinyelela 75%.

- Ukuthola ukukhubazeka ngenkathi ekhonza ebutho laseRussia. Ezimweni ezinjalo, impesheni inganyuswa ngamaphesenti angama-130%, kodwa yini ngempela ukukala kwesabelo kuyoxhomeka eqenjini elitholwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ekhuluma ngendlela yokubala impesheni yoMnyango Wezangaphakathi, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi yakha ngempela ngokwemibandela efanayo neyomkhosi. Nala ubude benkonzo kuthathwa njengesisekelo sokubala . Ukwanda kwezinga lokukhokha kuthonywe yizinto ezinjengeholo lomsebenzi okhethekile kanye nesimo.

Kuyini isimo nge-IP?

Ukuthola ilungelo lempesheni, osomabhizinisi ngabanye kumele babe nakho iminyaka engu-15. Nakhu kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi njengezinkathi zenkonzo isikhathi lapho iminikelo eya ku-PF yenziwe khona, futhi akukhathaleki ukuthi umsebenzi osebenzayo owenzayo wawungaleso sikhathi noma cha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-IP izobalwa ekuhlangenwe nakho kwezikhathi ezifanayo nakwezinye izakhamuzi (isimemezelo, isikhathi senkonzo ebuthweni, ukunakekela abantu abakhubazekile, njll).

Ngokuqondene namaphuzu empesheni, kuzodingeka okungenani 30 ukuba bathathe umhlalaphansi.

Imiphumela

Ngakho-ke, uzama ukuthola ukuthi ungabala kanjani impesheni yobudala, ungathola isiphetho esilandelayo: uhulumeni uhlose ukubunjwa kwenhloso yemali ekhokhwayo ezigabeni ezahlukene zezakhamizi. Kungenxa yale njongo ukuthi kunezethulo eziningi kangaka kwifomula yokubala. Ngokuqondene nokuzibala, indlela esheshayo yokufeza lo msebenzi ukusebenzisa umbala wokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwi-PF indawo.