Umkhumbi Izinhlobo: Ukwahlukanisa

Ulwandle ukuhungeka njalo abantu. Umkhakha athuthukile, amadivayisi amasha futhi imishini, futhi ngokushesha lenqwaba imikhumbi wethulwa. izinhlobo yabo echazwe esihlokweni.

Kuyini umkhumbi?

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi izichazamazwi, umkhumbi - lena umkhumbi omkhulu, angasetshenziswa ngezinhloso eziningi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igama elithi is neze elihlobene ne kolwandle. Ngakho, kukhona mkhathi, ezingalotshwanga kwehlisa emanzini ikhuphuka angaphezu iplanethi yethu. Ngosizo lwabo ososayensi uthole ulwazi mayelana nendawo yonke kanye ukufunda izinguquko ezenzeka nge-Earth.

Ngaphambi ungitshele ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo imikhumbi, kumele uphendule umbuzo owodwa. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi iyiphi incazelo yegama "umkhumbi" baye bathola enye elithi "umkhumbi". Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka? Iqiniso ukuthi "umkhumbi" - umqondo ebanzi kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezimoto elintantayo, ezisukela izikebhe ukuze liner omkhulu.

Yiziphi emikhunjini?

Kukhona ezahlukene ngeengaba lwemikhumbi. Ngamunye wabo iletha ngempela ngokungafani umkhumbi nsuku ethize. Ngakho, hlobo lomkhumbi incike:

• Le ndawo lapho umzila sihamba.
• On indlela nohlobo ukunyakaza.
• Kusukela yini injini main.
• Umklamo bomkhumbi kanye impahla okuyindawo senziwa.

Labo izindlela ngezigaba lwemikhumbi, abalwe kulesi sihloko ezibhekwa asizayo. Bona yalugunyaza emhlabeni wonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungukuthi njengokunesidingo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngezigaba - a division of imikhumbi zibe izinhlobo ngokwenjongo yabo.

aphoyintimenti lwemikhumbi

umkhumbi izinhlobo zihlukile. Ngokuvamile, basuke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngesivumelwano. Ngakho, cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni bamukela ngezigaba elandelayo imikhumbi:

• Ezokuthutha.
• Isevisi nokusekela.
• Ukudoba.
• Technical kwathunyelwa imikhumbi.

imikhumbi Ezokuthutha

Isisekelo ngoxhaxha kunoma isiphi isimo yimikhumbi ezokuthutha. Nazo ngokufanayo, nazo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu imikhumbi kulesi sigaba:

• Passenger. Lokho sihlale ngokwahlukana abantu ukuma kwabo, ezihambayo kusuka kwelinye iphuzu kumephu kwenye. Abakwazi ukubamba ngaphezu nabantu abangaba yishumi nambili ngesikhathi. Hlukanisa inani elikhulu izikebhe ezinjalo. Ngisho ezinye zezinhlobo zemikhumbi kaseyili, eyakho leli qembu.
• Freight. Basuke ngamaqembu amabili: inhloso jikelele kanye nemikhumbi ezikhethekile.

Imikhumbi ethwala impahla Dry

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imikhumbi yezimpahla zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili amakhulu. bahlukene zenziwe kancane kancane, esikhundleni salokho. Konke kuncike kulokho kuyoba okufanele athuthwe ngabo. Ngakho, i-jikelele-njongo izitsha wezimpahla owomile ezihambayo wezimpahla jikelele. Ukwakhiwa izitsha ezinjalo angazamukela ezimbalwa yombango eyodwa, ababili noma abathathu onezitezi futhi egumbini lenjini.

izimoto ezikhethekile isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Bathwala imikhiqizo okonakalayo. Ihamba laden nabo, ngokuthi imbala. Uma izimpahla sezibekwe kusengaphambili ku isitsha esikhulu, khona-ke yayigcwele emkhunjini esitsheni. Ukuze lokho sikulungele ezokuthutha trailer, ezidalwe olunye uhlobo lwemikhumbi - trailer.

impahla emikhunjini emikhulu, njengamalahle nsimbi, amalahle, umanyolo, izinto zokwakha, okusanhlamvu, i-akhawunti isikhathi esingaphezu ayisikhombisa wamaphesenti lokho uthuthwa ulwandle ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, inkantolo, engenalo igama eliqondile, beba kuthandwa futhi ngokushesha ukugcwalisa izikhala amanzi. Timber - ihamba ukuthuthwa ugodo, imithi nezinye izinto. Ziklanyelwe ukuze ijubane yabo ayikwazi ukufinyelela ezingaphezu kuka-15 ifindo. Nokho, they nzonzobala ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa nezinye izinjongo.

ngamaloli

Uma ngobuningi abathwali athwale okuthile ezingeke igeleze, le emathangini avuzayo ahloselwe ngokukhethekile ukuthutha uketshezi. Lokhu uwoyela imikhiqizo okusekelwe kuso, amagesi ahlukahlukene, acid kanye amakhemikhali. Kukhona izikebhe eziningi zenzelwe ukuthuthwa wezimpahla ketshezi. Lokhu okulandelayo izinhlobo ezinkulu imikhumbi (Photo izikebhe ezahlukene kungabonakala isihloko) kulesi sigaba. Akha ingxenye enkulu izitsha wezimpahla, kwehlisa emanzini.

• Emathangini avuzayo - kukhona ethandwa kakhulu eqenjini layo. Basuke ahlelwe ukuze isakhiwo yabo kuhlanganisa ushintsho amabhuloho, ukuvikelwa umlilo izinhlelo. Abakwazi phakamisa umthwalo, okuyinto kukalwa isisindo izinkulungwane zamathani. Futhi - okungenani. I imithwalo olusindayo ayengezwa zithunyelwa them they lungaba ngisho ezine likhulu lamawaka. Yiqiniso, imikhumbi ukuwushintsha uyakwazi kobukhulu abanjalo bangabaphostoli supertankers.
• LNG - isitsha ukuthuthwa zemvelo, uwoyela nezinye amagesi. Izinto zahlanganiswa ngokucophelela, ibekwe endaweni epholile. Imithwalo ukuthi ibekwe wale mikhumbi kukhona kuqhume, ngakho zakha ekhethekile isivikelo umlilo izinhlelo.

inkantolo lempi

Cishe zonke uthi babe amabutho ahlomile. Njengoba kubaluleke ulwandle futhi umfula izindlela, kubalulekile ukuvikela izwe kusukela kulolu hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, imikhumbi ezikhethekile zakhelwe, ezisetshenziswa ngezinhloso wezempi. Zingase futhi esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kanye imishini yezobuchwepheshe, ezifana ezinophephela emhlane.

thayipha "Mistral" imikhumbi - jikelele. Ziklanyelwe ukuba imisebenzi eminingana. Ngakho bangakwazi ukufeza kokufika esinenjini Abezempi phezu kwezwe. Abenzi kuphela ukwamukela, kodwa futhi ukukhonza ukulwa ezinophephela emhlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo umyalo, futhi ngisho esibhedlela elintantayo ngalo lube kubo.

Izinhlobo imikhumbi Russian

On insimu yezwe lethu ukusebenzisa ngezigaba efanayo imikhumbi emhlabeni wonke. Okungukuthi imikhumbi sintanta imifula nolwandle yeRussia, nazo ihlukaniswe wezimpahla umgibeli wezimpahla, futhi zempi nakwezinye. Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu ngandlela-thile exhunywe nezindaba zasolwandle kanye nokwakhiwa lwemikhumbi, ajwayelekile kanye nezinhlobo kancane ezivamile ngezigaba imithambo.