Kungani ngidinga yokucebisa uranium? ukuhlaziywa enemininingwane

Isihloko ekutshela mayelana nokuthi kungani enothisa uranium, kuyini, ikhiqizwa lapho, ukusetshenziswa kwalo futhi yini inqubo nokunonophala.

I ekuqaleni kwenkathi yenuzi

Okubalulekile okunjalo njengoba uranium kwaziwe abantu nge ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa ngokungafani isikhathi sethu, baye basebenzisa kuphela ngoba ukudalwa nokucwebezela okuzothile esikhethekile zobumba futhi ezinye izinhlobo upende. Kwakuvamise le-uranium-nitrous yemvelo, okuyinto ezifakwa ingatholakala amanani ezingafani cishe wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni.

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, lapho lesi sakhi bamakhemikhali nesithakazelo. Ngakho, ngo-1789 isazi-German Martin Klaproth ngakwazi ukuthola isitifiketi sokuba uranium oxide, okuyinto imingcele yayo zazifana metal, kodwa kwakungeyona. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1840, umthaki wemithi French kwemiqondo Peligot uranium samanje - elisindayo, isiliva kwensimbi enemisebe, okuyinto Dmitri Mendeleev eyenziwe ithebula lezakhi izakhi. Ngakho lokho okudingeka yokucebisa uranium futhi kwenzeka kanjani?

isikhathi sethu

Eqinisweni, le zemvelo -uranium-ore akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela ukuphumula. Lokhu omkhulu izindlu amatshe umbala ibuthuntu, okuyinto ekhishwe ezimayini ngendlela evamile kakhulu - igalelo izingqimba imali bese uyiswa ebusweni izocubungulwa okwalandela. Iqiniso lokuthi yalolu ketshezi lwemvelo iqukethe% 0,72 kuphela U235 IKhompyuthaYami. Lokhu alanele ukuze isetshenziswe sikhungo noma izikhali, bese ngemva uhlobo wathunyelwa isimo gaseous futhi baqala yokucebisa uranium.

Ngokuvamile, izindlela yale nqubo, kunezindlela eziningi, kodwa ethembisayo futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi eRussia kuyinto Centrifuge igesi.

Ngo ukufakwa ekhethekile akhishwa gaseous uranium kwakwakhe, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kukhona untwisted ukuba velocities omkhulu, futhi kukhona ukwehlukana molecule ngoyisiwula kusinda kusukela wamaphaphu ngeenqhema odongeni sigubhu.

Khona-ke, lezi zingxenyana ehlukana nokuthi omunye wabo is kuguquka uranium dioxide - aminyene futhi okuqinile, ngaleso sikhathi apakwe uhlobo "amaphilisi" wadubula e kuhhonela. Yilokho udinga yokucebisa uranium, njengoba amaphesenti okukhiphayo U235 IKhompyuthaYami umyalelo sezingeni elikhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa sikhungo noma izikhali izinhlelo.

nokuthengiswa

Uma umphumela uyisibonelo lula, kwandzisa lwati obalulekile walesi sakhi Okokuthola kancane sifana ukukhiqizwa yensimbi - yokuqala, ifomu yemvelo lutho kungahlali izingcezu nsimbi, abese ibe ahlukahlukene ukucutshungulwa steel okuqinile.

Futhi in the press ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuzwa ukuthi eziningi ngaphansi athuthukile kuqhathaniswa ezweni elifanayo Russian ngizibuze indlela yokwenza i-uranium abasizakali?

Iqiniso liwukuthi uma le nqubo ukunikeza isibonelo ne centrifugation igesi nzima kakhulu, futhi ukwakha lezi amayunithi abakwazi konke. Ikakhulukazi, kudingeka singagcini into eyodwa olulodwa, kodwa lonke kubangela kubo. Ukuze bona izinga labo lobuchwepheshe, kuba izwi kuwufanele ukuthi uphendukisa lezi "izigubhu" ngesivinini 1500 linemibhikisho ngeminithi futhi ngaphandle kokuma. Record - iminyaka engu-30! Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye amazwe ukuthenga uranium abasizakali eRussia.

Lapho i-uranium limbiwa Russia?

Yezimayini 93% i-uranium-ore akhiqizwa Trans-iBaikal esifundeni, eduze nedolobha Krasnokamensk. Kanye nokwe-uranium ahlanganiswe eRussia ukhiqiza "TVEL".

isicelo

Nge inqubo yokuguqula uxhumano ephezulu ukusebenza alungise, kodwa kungani sasidingeka? Ake sixoxe ngezizathu ezimbili yezindawo eziyinhloko.

Eyokuqala Yiqiniso, Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi. Zinikeza ugesi wonke umuzi, benomuzwa mkhathi ezizimele ukufunda ekude, isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, kukhona ngwenya, icebreakers, imikhumbi ucwaningo.

Okwesibili, kungcono izikhali zembubhiso. Iqiniso ucaciswa - okungukuthi uranium amabhomu yayikade isetshenziswe eside, lithathe indawo yaleli plutonium izikhali-grade. He khiqiza ngumuntu ukuchayeka ekhethekile ongaphakeme-ahlanganiswe uranium sikhungo.

Izinganekwane amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngokuvamile, eminyakeni umbono Soviet kwaba izigebengu eziyingozi noma "bayizitha zabantu" libhekisela ezimayini uranium ukuthi kukhona kudlula ngokushesha yalo neze kuhlawulelwe. Futhi-ke, isikhathi eside abazange bahlale khona ngenxa emisebeni.

Empeleni akunjalo. Ayikho ingozi ethile emsebenzini kule ukukhiqizwa lapho, yemvelo ore enemisebe liphansi, kanye nabantu, uma ibekwe bezvylazno emayini uzofa maduze kusuka yokuntuleka kwelanga umoya ohlanzekile kuka ukugula ngemisebe.

Nokho, izimo zokusebenza abasebenzi engashiyi, amahora 5 kuphela ngosuku, futhi abaningi abasebenza khona izizukulwane, debunking inganekwane zenza umonakalo abesabekayo ukukhiqizwa ezinjalo.

Futhi ngenxa le-uranium mpilo, ngasendleleni, ukwenza cores izikhali amagobolondo. Iqiniso lokuthi uranium umthofu ngoyisiwula kusinda kakhulu futhi uqina ekuletheni lezi zinto ezimangalisayo kahle, futhi kusadingeka ukuthambekela ukubamba umlilo ngenxa yokuchitheka, emva umthelela mechanical phezu kwabo.

Ngakho esiphethweni ngakho kungani sidinga uranium abasizakali, lapho esetshenziswa futhi ngayiphi injongo.