Kungani umfula ngokuthi emfuleni? Kungani iVolga iVolga wabizwa ngokuthi?

Amadamu ezibaluleke ukuphila komuntu njalo. Noma yimuphi isiphetho encike ngqo kwi umthombo wamanzi. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ingxenye ulimi esiyisibopho zonke izilimi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu amazwi okuchaza ukugeleza amanzi ageleza ngomzila DC. I-Russian kuyinto "umfula" Ibizo. Manje engasho lutho waleligama ilahleke, ungakwazi kuphela ukuqagela ukuthi ukubaluleka kwezimayini labo abenyukela naye kuwo. Kodwa kungani le emfuleni okuthiwa emfuleni? Futhi yileyo amagama nemifula ezifana iVolga, uLena Dnieper, Neva? Lokho wageza echibini, owaphenduka e-Ewufrathe? Konke lokhu utshelwa ngezansi.

I etymology kwegama elithi "umfula"

Le yunithi lucebe uvele isiRashiya ngekhulu le-11. Iqiniso lokuthi likhona e Proto-Slavic, ifakazela ukuba khona iqoqo lamagama nangomsindo efanayo kanye nencazelo kwezinye izinhlelo zolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, e riueka nesiSerbo-Croatia, rzeka Polish, rieka e isiSlovak, reka e Czech futhi Slovene, Rika ngesi-Ukraine. Njengoba elikhona Izilimi zesiSlavic futhi amaqembu esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga, naseningizimu, kuba sobala ukuthi zonke lezi amazwi kwaba sikakhokho ezivamile. Futhi ngesiRashiya kunamagama angasasekelwa isehlane njengoba cognate e morphology yesimanje, kodwa kuvela ukuthi Kwamiswa ngaphambili. Sikhuluma uphawu "uswebezane", "hawu", "flutter". Bonke sinento Sema ezivamile - into ehambisana ne-ukunyakaza.

Kukhona izinguqulo okungenani ezimbili, lapho efika kithi. Ngokwe-theory lokuqala Slavic impande "Umphathi" kwamiswa yi unkamisa Omdala rian Irish enenani 'umfula komgwaqo ". Ngo Old English kukhona izwi ukuhlukana (isifula), e srednenemetskom - Rin (kwamanzi). Rivus Latin lisho ukuthi "emfudlaneni", okuyinto futhi ukhuluma esivuna lo mbono. Hhayi-ke, kwenzeka ku komfula (River) ngesiNgisi yesimanje.

Le nguqulo yesibili ithi umsuka Indo-European morpheme Rek. It is ezihlobene izimpande elisencwadini yasendulo renos "ngoba" Inani. Abasekeli balobu theory ucaphune isibonelo igama emfuleni iRhine okuyinto, ngokusho kwabo, kusho "zamanje." engasho lutho efanayo esikhathini rayas Indian lasendulo. Ungase futhi banake riyate (hambisa, baqala flow). Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elithi lidlule ukuguqulwa ifonotiki ekuphimiseni kulula. Yingakho emfuleni okuthiwa emfuleni.

Namanje kukhona ubudala Indian izwi rekha (umugqa, ibhendi, ekuqaleni). Kufana libito okuxoxwe ngazo isiRashiya, kodwa hhayi izingxenye ngempela engasho lutho.

Cishe zonke hydronyms ensimini ka Russia yesimanje - yobudala efanayo igama elithi "umfula". Ngakho-ke, imvelaphi yabo - futhi uhlobo imfihlakalo. Kodwa ukwazi ezinye zazo ingasatholakala okungenani okuthile.

iVolga

Kungani-ke ngakho okuthiwa? Kunencazelo sasivumela elula nenengqondo. Ezinye izazi zezilimi bakholelwa ukuthi iVolga hydronym livela egameni "umswakama". Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho abantu wahlala eduze echibini, kwaba kuphela umthombo wabo umswakama. Ngokuvamile babengazi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu ezinye imizimba amanzi ngenxa yokuthi bona babengenamduduzi ngazo zombili ithuba lokuya. Akumangalisi hydronyms kakhulu elihunyushwe kusuka zilimi zasendulo limane lisho "umfula", "amanzi", "ezimanzi".

Esikhathini lasendulo ulimi polnoglasie samanje, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukiswa yonkamisa yesibili: esangweni - esangweni, isichotho - dolobha. Futhi ngasemfuleni kuqala ngokuthi umswakama, bese-ke yaguqulwa efanele igama Vologu, kodwa ekugcineni sehliselwe ifomu esifushane "iVolga".

Kukhona enye inguqulo, owawuthi egameni emfuleni - izimpande aseBaltic. Leli qembu ngokolimi iyizwi Valka, okusho "usakaze egeleza ngokusebenzisa ixhaphozi."
Ngempela, Valdai Hills, lapho umthombo (ekuqaleni komfula), esibizwa ngokuthi i-sezwe ezimanzi kakhulu. Lena ezweni amachibi namaxhaphozi.

Kukhona nesayensi, kodwa kwasuselwa ezithakazelisayo mayelana nokuthi kungani emfuleni iVolga okuthiwa iVolga. Zisekelwe ingoma okungahleliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abacwaningi abathi ngokwezinga wabona ukufana negama a oriole inyoni, elinye - ngegama elithi "Impisi". Othile ngisho iboshelwe lapha Bulgar Turkic abantu ababehlala eduze komfula ekhulwini 5th. Thanda, katoykonim "Bulgars" lalenziwa "Volgar", futhi kusukela kuye kwaba igama umzimba ngamanzi, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo kulezi zizwe ixazululwe.

Kuyaxoxwa umhlobo hydronym ngegama elithi "ngeke". Ukuchazwa lena yindlela engasebenzi kahle esobala kakhulu, kodwa yize kunjalo. Bathi izisebenzi nombaleki, ukuthuthela uhlangothi lomfula, bamemeza bathi: "Ha Will Will ha !!!!"

Othile ubona ukufana negama Elikhulu Princess Olga (Olga V. esifushanisiwe). Kwakungenxa Russian Bogatyr iVolga izinganekwane, owakwazi alime alime emfuleni.

Yelena

Fans of etymology zamanga bavame ukuchaza Onim ezifana ehlukile. Kodwa nanoma yimuphi Elena, ngisho enhle, igama emfuleni ayixhumekile. Futhi, ningawenzi ngezikaNkulunkulu lapha igama elithi "lazy", bathi, amanzi ageleza kancane, kancane kancane, futhi ngakho-ke ibizwa kanjalo kulo.

Ngakho kungani emfuleni yabizwa ngokuthi "ULena"? Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye Russified okufushane hydronym Yeh-lii-Ene, okuhunyushwa kusukela Evenk kusho "nomfula omkhulu." Leli gama silotshwe 17 owathola ekhulwini mfula Cossack Penda. Ngekhulu le-18 le Tungus, owayehlala eduze komfula, walibiza Lenna ngokusho kwesazi-mlando F. I. Miller.

River Geza: kungani kunjalo esibizwa

Uma ungenalo umba ujule, umsuka walo hydronym kungenziwa kalula exhumene zokugeza zomphakathi, ezakhiwe khona ngekhulu le-18. Bokuqala ibhalwe igama kwesigubhu - Mya. Igama, esikhundleni salokho, livela Finnish-Izhora "IUJ" okusho "Ukungcola". Abaningi izimbuku emfudlaneni eduze Petersburg isakhuluma ke igama lakhe. Amanzi echibini kwaba Inodaka, enodaka. Lokhu kwalotshwa mlando kwekhulu le-18, isibonelo, A. Bogdanov. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi trudnovygovarivaemoe izwi lalenziwa okuthile ungwaqa ngaphezulu nge isichazamazwi Russian, wasebenza lapha ukufana ne isenzo "ukugeza", "lami".

Neva

Ngaphambili kusayithi Petersburg babe emaxhaphozini futhi emaxhaphozini. Leli qiniso sihleli e isihloko emfuleni edolobheni eyinhloko, okuyinto cishe lisuselwa elithi Finnish Neva (ixhaphozi). Ngokuvamile, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia, hydronyms eziningi zingachazwa ngokombono ulimi Finno-Ugric. Ngokwesibonelo, Ladoga, Seliger ngisho UMfula iMoscow.

Okunye zezilimi - Abasekeli version Indo-European. Bakholelwa ukuthi igama livela neṷa impande incazelo "entsha." Neva - umfula ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, eyasungulwa ukufohla amanzi Lake Ladoga. Abazibonele izenzakalo waphawula lokhu Eqinisweni, abakha igama lakhe. Yingakho umfula okuthiwa uMfula iNeva, okungukuthi entsha.

Dnieper

Encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo igama River Dnieper labhalwa Dnѣpr. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umsindo "b" Kuvezwe esizeni i "y" futhi "ѣ" ngisho lasendulo ngaphezulu - ". Ah" lapho kwakukhona khona inhlanganisela umsindo Uma we shintsha engxenyeni yokuqala yegama lasendulo "Dnѣ" lezi okulingana, uthole igama elithi "iDanube". Futhi kusho ukuthini "PR"? Lo msuka ehloselwe njengoba ukunyakaza ngokushesha. iminonjana abakulo kungabonakala emazwini athi, "okusheshayo", abe "esefuna", kanye namagama amanye nemifula (lo Prut, Pripyat). Uma sixhumana izingxenye ezimbili, bayokhululwa isikhashana nge ibinzana okusho "iDanube". Futhi ngokuvumelana "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" kuyinto kwafika lezifiki zokuqala kusukela lapho loMfula Dnieper. Umfula entsha anikwa igama laleyo lapho rose.

Ewufrathe

Kuyinto emfuleni ngobukhulu e West Asia. I-Ewufrathe (igama ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi 'ukugeleza bushelelezi ") zivela e-Armenia Highlands, eCaucasus, futhi uthululela ku Gulf. Izimbali izigodi yayiyiminyaka elikhulu ukuyenga ngoba banqobi ikakhulukazi ngenxa faro III. Lapho amabutho waseGibhithe efika kule ndawo, base kakhulu kusimangaze isiqondiso Ewufrathe. Ayeqhathanisa yona umfula oyinhloko neNayile eGibhithe, yiwo ogelezela kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho futhi uyothela oLwandle LwaseMedithera. Kwabonakala kubo ukuthi amanzi ihamba abasebenzela, ukuthi akuyona ukuthi babevame kanjani ukuthi ukubukela. Yingakho i-Ewufrathe ngokuthi i emfuleni nabokhulumile. Yilokho ngakho kuyakhulunywa zemihla ngemihla uThutmose Third lo mkhankaso.

City, okuthiwa ngemva komfula

Emhlabeni wonke, labo eziningi. Barnaul imi Barnaulka, Vologda - kwi iVolga. Ngokuvamile abantu bakhohliswa waphinda amabombo futhi ngokuthi isigodi sakubo kanye emfuleni lapho lalivela. Nazi izibonelo emadolobheni ogama lakhe umsindo ububanzi unwele sika nge hydronyms: Samara, ilula, Kazan, Narva, Tuapse, Kostroma, eVoronezh Vyatka, eMoscow. Abanye futhi ube nohlobo esifushane Isiphawulo sebuniyo egameni emfuleni, Omsk (kusuka Omi), saseTomsk (kusuka Tom), Yeisk (kusuka Eu) Lensk (phezu Yelena), Labinsk (phezu Elbe), kwase-Angarsk (kusuka Angara).

Zonke hydronyms, kanye amanye amagama endaweni - lena ngempela kuncike ongashi ucwaningo. Izazi zolimi namanje ayifiki zifana, kungani emfuleni okuthiwa emfuleni, ichibi - echibini nolwandle - kolwandle. Ngakho inguqulo entsha ke inelungelo ukubukeka.