Ingxenye emfuleni. Siyini-delta emfuleni. Gulf ngo sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni

Kuyini umfula, uyazi wonke umuntu. Lokhu emanzini, oluvela, njengoba umthetho, ezintabeni noma nasemagqumeni, futhi wasebenza indlela yakhe obuphelele kusukela amashumi emakhulwini amakhilomitha, agelezela kwesigubhu, ichibi noma ulwandle. Leyo ngxenye emfuleni, okuyinto ogeleza usuka isiteshi esikhulu, esibizwa ngokuthi i-emkhonweni. Isiqinti nge ukugijima asheshe zamanje kanye emaceleni ale ntaba, - kombundu. Ngakho yini kuyinto emfuleni? Yikuphi izingxenye ungaba? Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi kusho ukuthini amagama elula ezijwayelekile ezifana ezifana "umfula".

Kuyini emfuleni?

Ulwazi lokuqala eziyisisekelo Animate nemvelo ezingaphili, sithola esikoleni izifundo zomhlaba. Abafundi baziswa imiqondo ezifana ukusakaza, umfula, ichibi, ulwandle, ulwandle nokunye. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho uthisha akakwazi ukuba sixoxe ngalokho kukhona ingxenye emfuleni. 2 isigaba - kungcono kusasekuseni ukuqagula ukuthi lokhu ngekhanda okuningi imigomo imiqondo. Ngakho-ke, abantwana bafune usizo kubazali babo. Kumelwe uthi, uwafake kwangqingetshe. Ngoba abantu abadala bajwayele abakwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo elula. Ngakho, akuwona wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwe-delta embhedeni emfuleni, noma oxbow amachibi kwakhiwa. Noma nakhu esinye isibonelo - okungukuthi isigodi emfuleni? Ake uphinde uhlole yonke imiqondo le.

River - unomphela ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ezindaweni ezinesomiso Umhlaba, isibonelo, e-Afrika nase-Australia, kungase okwesikhashana zome. Isithwathwa emifuleni wapha, komhlaba, imvula amanzi glacial. Lokhu kungumzimba wemvelo yamanzi emakhulwini athuthukile abakhwabanisi isiteshi salo. Futhi ubuhlobo sezulu kanye emfuleni sicacile. Futhi kulula ukulandelela. Isimo sezulu engaphansi flow mode: akusiyo efanayo e ezahlukene kokuwa, nobude esishintshashintshayo.

Isici sisuke sicabanga wemanti futhi kuncike ezindaweni kanye endaweni lapho itholakala. Ibalazwe ikhombisa emfuleni, ukuthi ingase idlule ethafeni, phansi emaceleni ale ntaba. Angathungathwa ngisho ngomshoshaphansi. emifuleni Eliphansi egeleza endaweni flat ububanzi. It ubuswa ukuguguleka ezingwini, okungukuthi, ukuguguleka lateral. Nemithambeka ezitshekile kwesigubhu, embhedeni ngokuvamile emazombezombe, phezu evelele wavuma. nezakhi ezihlukene kakhulu kusukela ukusakaza entabeni. Embhedeni wabo iwumngcingo namatshe. Valley kahle eklanyelwe, nge emithambekeni emaweni, amabhishi. Ngokuvamile, lezi nemifula akuzona ojulile, kodwa ngesilinganiso ukugeleza nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu.

Futhi ukuhlukanisa echibini emfuleni. Abakwazi noma ukuthi kuqhamuke njalo emachibini noma badedele ngabo. izinto ezinjalo abe abakhwabanisi ephakeme emanzini ongaphakeme. Echibini emfuleni isikhathi eside emanzini okusezingeni eliphezulu. Njengomthetho, awayona lide kakhulu. Eziningana kwamanye marsh emfuleni. zivele Yiqiniso, okungenani. Sinenkosi isikhukhula elikhulu, kufanele izikhukhula njalo ngenxa isici sezwe flat, lapho emlanjeni, okuyinto anamanzi ashintshwa njalo amanzi kancane aphume ixhaphozi.

Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka emfuleni Karst. Zidla cishe njalo ngaphansi komhlaba, okuyinto ugcwele okuthiwa izimbotshana Karst. Drain emanzini ongaphakeme kwanda kulezi emifuleni.

springhead

Ukuqala lo mfula ubizwa ngokuthi umthombo. Lena ukuphela kwendawo lapho kubunjwa khona isiteshi unomphela. Umthombo zingahluka: ukusakaza, ichibi, ixhaphozi. Ukuqala emifuleni emikhulu ngokuvamile isinikeza amachibi eziningana ezincane. Kulokhu, umthombo kuyoba indawo yokuhlangana kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni River ob ukuhlinzeka amanzi Katun futhi Biya. Imifudlana cishe njalo ezakhiwe confluence ukusakaza eziningi. isiqalo Well flat aphume echibini. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi isimo sendawo ngayinye kwesigubhu ngabanye. Futhi umthombo ngamunye emfuleni futhi uhlukile.

emfuleni esigodini

Ngaphambi ngokuhlaziya amagama izingxenye emfuleni, kudingeka ame ngayo amazwi anjengokuthi "umfula esigodini". Ukukhuluma ulimi isayensi, sikhuluma kude side adalwe yamanzi. Banezinhliziyo ukuchema kuzo ocacile maqondana wamanje. Zonke kwemigomo emfuleni izigodi (ububanzi, ukujula nokuba yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo) bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni degree of nomthamo wamanzi. Amanani ube isikhathi ukhona, ubunjalo sezwe ezizungezile. Kucatshangelwe ukuzinza idwala nezinga endaweni yomsebenzi zomhlaba.

Zonke emathafeni emfuleni esigodini abe phansi futhi nemithambeka. Kodwa, futhi, izici kwabo kuncike endaweni impumuzo. Intaba emifuleni zihlukaniswa emithambekeni emaweni. Ziyakwazi lishonile kunesikhumba emathafeni. Kulesi sigodi awayona ububanzi futhi ayibanzi. Ngokuvamile, baye wembula phansi wangenela. Emathafeni esigodini awafani. Zakhiwa oxbows pitted nesiteshi kwemfunda. esigodini Young libhekene emithambekeni emaweni futhi asebekhulile wangenela ogwini. nemithambeka maKristu abizwa masimu. Omdala emfuleni, ngakho-ke wagibela coast eside futhi abaningi.

Young emfuleni masimu akuzona. Ngisho kwimfunda kwenzeka yonke indawo. Phansi kwalezi amachibi wokuxovela emise, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi le nsimu owawunayo ngaphambili osuyazi yeqhwa. Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho.

The main ingxenye emfuleni - isiteshi kanye kwimfunda - ezakhiwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. I zomkhalazi ukuze ukuguguleka okusheshayo rocks kukhona ngobubanzi okuningi kuka nenhlabathi crystalline. Futhi, isici esiyinhloko izigodi emfuleni wukuthi basuke njalo kancane kancane enwetshiwe imilomo. nemithambeka zabo ziyisiliva kahle masimu - eziphakeme.

Have emfuleni izigodi anencazelo ekhethekile esisebenzayo. Kuyinto endaweni engcono kakhulu ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo. Njengomthetho, phezu masimu kukhona nemizana namathafa uzamcolo zinhle kakhulu nedlelo umhlaba.

isikhukhula plain

Uma elihunyushwe ngokwezwi nezwi, "kwimfunda" - luyinto wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Futhi definition ngokuphelele lesifanele. Le ngxenye esigodini emfuleni, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa wezikhukhula uzamcolo wagcwalisa ngokuphelele ngamanzi. Kwemfunda has landscape yayo siqu eliyingqayizivele. it is ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe amazinga ezimbili. Ngezansi kwimfunda ugcwele njalo unyaka nonyaka. Ingxenye engenhla - kuphela leyo minyaka uma kukhona ezingeni amanzi eliphezulu.

Njalo uzamcolo eshiya isinyathelo yayo phezu kwemfunda. Yena blurs ebusweni inhlabathi, ukudala gullies futhi oxbows amafomu. Minyaka yonke komhlaba kuyinto isihlabathi, amatshe kanye loam. Lokhu kwandisa izinga kukazamcolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona inqubo ushona isiteshi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwimfunda ongaphakeme Siyaphakama, kwakhiwa masimu kwemfunda. Baye wangenela uhlamvu. amawa kwimfunda ugu has a ukuphakama kwamamitha amaningana. kuso ngokuvamile gullies kwakhiwa futhi oxbows.

Ngo elisezansi kwimfunda emifuleni ezibanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ob ububanzi ifinyelela 30 km, futhi kwezinye izindawo nokuningi. Intaba emfuleni floodplains abakwazi ukuqhosha. amasayithi okunjalo kutholakala kuphela izingcezwana eziyizinsalela, wherein they kungatholakala kusuka kolunye uhlangothi noma omunye.

Okusho amaxhaphozi enkulu. ezindaweni ezinjalo ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo amadlelo hay izimfunda. Kwemfunda cishe njalo emfuleni ezinkulu emaqeleni, ihlathi-emaqeleni kanye ehlathini - endaweni esitebeleni emfuyo.

emlanjeni

Ingxenye aphansi komfula, noma kunalokho esigodini, ngokuthi nomfula. Kwakheka ukusakaza amanzi okuqhubekayo. Njengoba ihamba njalo ngabasebenzi iningi inzika phansi. Isiteshi, njengoba umthetho, has amagatsha amaningana. Kuyinto akuvamile kuqondile, ngaphandle kokuthi ukusakaza entabeni.

Direction, njengoba eya emlonyeni, futhi yakha sebuningini ukugeleza imikhono. Ikakhulukazi eziningi nabo semifula. Flow e kwimfunda kwakhiwa ngezikhathi amanzi ephakeme, kodwa ashisayo zasehlobo kungase wome. emifuleni Sleeves elisezansi kukhona sezwe tortuous. Babebona ezihambayo esihle-clastic inzika ekuqongeleleni. Esikhathini emifuleni sezintaba kwakhiwa Amapayipi ezingajwayelekile kakhulu, futhi sleeves kukhona ngqo ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukuthola izindawo Rapids nezimpophoma of obuhlukahlukene eziphakeme. Zingase kuyixine uhlalwane kuvuleke ezinkulu. Benzisa - ezindaweni ezijulile sleeves - kushintshane bano. Ngokuvamile ukuhwebelana enjalo ebonwe sifinyelela aphansi. imikhono Ububanzi kufanele nemifula emikhulu, isibonelo, njenge Yenissei uLena, iVolga, ob bengase bazikhandlele amashumi amaningana amakhilomitha.

imibundu

Ngokuvamile lo mfula wakha Rapids. Isikhathi esining impela ziseZwini embhedeni umfula entabeni. IThrojani efaka isimeli seseva - isayithi engajulile ngithuka amatshe nokunye ezinguzungeni ezinkulu. It ikhiqizwa kulezo zindawo lapho kunzima overlie rocks kwaluqeda. Kunezinto okuphawulekayo imisinga ezinkulu. Imibundu, ngenxa sendawo yayo, zikwenza ukuba lokuthumela futhi kwenze kube ingxubevange nzima kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yabo, umuntu uphoqelekile ukwakha iziteshi nge-pass. Ngokuvamile esezansi kusukela Rapids ukwakha nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Uma lokhu sisetshenziselwe inzuzo engcono nokuwa okuphawulekayo emithambekeni emfuleni. Esinye isibonelo Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula ku eMfuleni Angara.

Siyini-delta emfuleni?

Delta - umfula elisezansi. It is cishe njalo libhekene Amapayipi eziningi branched futhi imikhono. Delta kwakhiwa kuphela sifinyelela aphansi. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi kulesi sigaba kwesigubhu ezakhiwe mini-ecosystem ekhethekile. Njalo umfula uhlukile futhi inimitable.

Iningi imifula emikhulu eRussia has a delta enkulu enezindonga evuthiwe umsebenzi anesihlabathi. Isibonelo zakudala njalo kuholele iVolga noLena. delta wabo omkhulu futhi igatsha ku lonke inethiwekhi hoses. Ngaphandle kwalezi ungase futhi uqaphele Kuban, Terek futhi uMfula iNeva. Isici esiphawulekayo delta, elise ezifundazweni eziseningizimu achazwayo emaxhaphozini. Lapha uqaphele ukwehluka nabayiziminzi izimila osebeni lomfula bathole indawo yokufihla ikhanda ezincelisayo ahlukahlukene, izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi zezinyoni ukwakha amahlathi abo futhi amahlozi eduze kwamanzi izidleke zawo. Kodwa izingxenye ezibalulekile kakhulu imithombo yokudoba. Ephawula umbuzo yini umfula delta, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lena microcosm esiyingqayizivele nemvelo yaso.

Limani

Ngezinye confluence imifula olwandle bavame akhiwa amatheku engajulile. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi zemifula. Lokhu bay e sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni - indawo engavamile kakhulu futhi olunothile. Lyman kwenzeka uma ugcwalise elisezansi emifuleni ulwandle. It angavulwa - ke ibizwa ngokuthi guboyu. Kulokhu, Gulf akubalwa kufanele ixhunywe nge kolwandle. Kukhona zemifula avaliwe, okungukuthi, ehlukanisiwe ulwandle amanzi Sushi umugqa - .. namathe Esincane. Ngokuvamile, amanzi zemifula anosawoti omningi, kodwa hhayi kuze kube sezingeni kufike olwandle. Nokho, nge inflow encane ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile, it can kakhulu nosawoti. Gulf ngo sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni kungukuthi njalo kwakhiwa. Abaningi babo esisogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle Azov. Zemifula babe emifuleni Dniester futhi Kuban.

emfuleni umlomo

Indawo lapho umfula ugeleza khona phakathi echibini, ichibi, ulwandle noma eminye imigwamanda yamanzi, ubizwa ngokuthi umlomo. Kungenzeka ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni eseduze umlomo, bangase bafinyelele esizalweni somfula, bay noma esizalweni somfula. Kodwa amanzi emfuleni ingashabalala ngenxa yezizathu eziningana - kocingo ukunisela of emasimini yezolimo, noma umane shabalala. Kulokhu sikhulume umlomo wezimpumputhe, okungukuthi, umfula ugeleza khona phakathi ndawo. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ekupheleni endleleni yayo nje amanzi angene emhlabathini, nokusakaza iphele. Ngakho-ke, asikwazi ukuthi zonke emfuleni has a umlomo kahle ichazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isiteshi emfuleni Okavango ubalekela emaxhaphozini of oGwadule LwaseKalahari. Ngakho, umthombo nomfula esizalweni somfula akuyona uzwakalise ngempela ngokucacile, futhi ukuthola kwabo akunakwenzeka njalo.

owumthelela

Ukufika - emfuleni ogeleza emfuleni emikhulu. Kusukela yokugcina ngokuvamile it libhekene amavolumu ezincane yamanzi kanye nobude. Kodwa, njengoba kuboniswa izifundo eyenziwa emashumini eminyaka amuva, akusiyo yinto ehlala yenzeka. Kukhona yimifula eminingana ezephula umthetho omiswe. Ngokwesibonelo, Oka agelezela iVolga ukuthi siphansi umthamo wamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo lo mfula omkhulu agelezela kanye Kama, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi abami kahle. Kodwa on the iVolga zonke okuhlukile eyaziwa abagcini lapho. Angara limenyezelwe owumthelela Yenisei. Kulokhu, ingxenye River, okuyinto okuhlanganisiwe ne into yesibili, has kabili njengoba amanzi amaningi. Lokho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Angara emikhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukugeleza umehluko bebheke esigodini, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukunquma kahle ukuthi yilokhu uwela.

Kodwa umfula akuyona njalo uhlangane nomunye. Ngezinye izikhathi bayaba iwela echibini noma kweminye imizimba amanzi. Nemingenela zihlukaniswe sokunene nesobunxele, kuye ngokuthi iluphi uhlangothi beza embhedeni. Bona bangabezwe; ngeluhlelo lolwehlukile: zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Ezinye zazo ziwela ngqo amanzi isiteshi esikhulu. Lona nemingenela eyinhloko. Yonke imifula axhunyiwe nabo, kuyoba yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, Zhizdra iyona owumthelela eyinhloko Oka futhi iVolga for secondary.

distributary

Umkhono we - liphinde ingxenye emfuleni. Lokhu kungaba egatsheni noma "eqhekeza" yesiteshi. Qaphela ukuthi emkhonweni kumelwe bawe emuva emfuleni. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka emashumini ambalwa amamitha, kodwa kaningi ubabonisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi. Kumiswa emikhonweni is by sedimentation. Kulokhu, kwakheka lesi siqhingi kumugqa. Sleeves unamagama amaningi endawo. IVolga yabo ngokuthi "Volozhka". On emfuleni Northern Dvina abakubonisayo igama elithi "eziyize." Ngezinye Don bendawo ukubabiza starodone. ElingaseMfuleni iDanube - "ingalo". Sleeves bungabi ukubaluleka yesibili. Base kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iziteshi. Cishe zonke amapayipi amanzi Amapayipi emva esithile babe oxbows. Njengoba neningi uyashintsha, basuke inqanyuliwe.

bayou

Bayou - kuyinto side echibini noma emfuleni indawo, nokunqamula kumaphoyinti okufinyelela e neningi. Starkey zingatholakala ethafeni ngesikhukhula noma kwi ithala aphansi. Vuka lapho angezukuhambisana noma sandy ubumba Shoals imikhono, kanye izintamo Breakout meanders. Ngo abesifazane abadala njalo isici ukhamba ukuma. Basuke exhunywe kwi isiteshi esikhulu amanzi kuphela uma lokhu kuchitheka. Nokho, esikhathini esiningi zingabantu amadamu ehlukile. ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amachibi kwemfunda. Ukushayela ingxenye emfuleni, enikezwe ibhalwe bonke abesifazane abadala, angakunika umqondo mayelana nendlela ukulandelela wabheka ngaphambili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nto washintsha - likhula, siguqule ezakheke ngayo. Bayou uphendulela in the Wetlands, bese ngokuphelele otshanini emanzi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukusuka kuye noluncane uhlala.

Izinga emfuleni

emfuleni ezingeni - ukuphakama kwamanzi. Leligama lisetshenziswa cishe wonke amadamu yemvelo kanye eyenziwe. emfuleni ngamunye has a namagugu ongaphakeme kanye eliphezulu okukhulunywa. Umkhawulo ezingeni amanzi ephawulwe ngesikhathi uzamcolo, ngokuvamile entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Esikhathini izikhukhula ekwindla kwenzeke. Isizathu salokho kukhona elibala imvula izihlambi. Ebusika, izinga lamanzi lehliselwa yezinga yalo ephansi impela. Ngokuvamile, umfula iba ngaphansi kwabacebile ehlobo - ngesikhathi sesomiso eside lapho imifula ukuthi iyangena nomfula, ezomile. umbuso emfuleni ngamunye ngokuqinile ngamunye. A ukwehla nokwenyuka izinga lamanzi njalo kuncike izici zezulu nempumuzo.